EC 2 Lab Manual

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

VSA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING SALEM
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Name: ........
Reg. No. : ................ Semester:
Class: . Subject: .
Sub. Code:
Compiled by Ms.A.Maragathamani, Lect/ECE
Department Of ECE
Department Of ECE
INDEX
EXP. No DATE NAME OF THE EXPERIMENTS PAGE NO. MARKS STAFF SIGN.
Department Of ECE
Department Of ECE
EX.NO: 1 DATE:
SERIES AND SHUNT FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS
AIM: (i)To design and construct the Voltage Shunt feedback amplifier and to obtain
its frequency response curve for with and without feedback. (ii)To design and construct the Current Series feedback amplifier and to obtain its frequency response curve for with and without feedback.
(i) VOLTAGE SHUNT FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Transistor Resistor
Components BC107
Range 1
Quantity
600,4K,4.7K,10K 1 (0-30)V 1 1 1 2 1
Function Generator Cathode Ray Oscilloscope Regulated Power Supply Probe Connecting wires Bread Board
Department Of ECE
PIN CONFIGURATION:
SYMBOL:
C
B
BC107 E
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
(i) Without Feedback

V C C = 1 0 V
R c 4 k
i B C 1 0 7
6 0 0 F G R 2 1 0 k
4 . 7 k C e
C R O
Department Of ECE
DESIGN: Given
VCC =10V , I C =1mA , f L = 50 Hz , h fe = 200 , RS = 600 , RL = 4.7 K, RC = 4 K R f = 68 K, R2 =10 K, VBE = 0.7V , I C I E RE = VE V , VE = CC IE 10 VCC .R2 R1 + R2
VCE = VCC / 2, VB = VE +VBE , VB = X CE = RE / 10 , C E = 10 2 f L RE
X C i = hie + (1 + h fe ) RE // RB hie = h fe * re , RB = R1 // R2 Ci = re = 26 mV IE
1 1 , Cf = , X C f = R f / 10 2 f L X C i 2 f L X C f
RC // RL 10 1 Co = 2 f L X C o XCo =
Department Of ECE
ii) With Feedback

V C C = 1 0 V
1 R f C f
R c 4 k
6 8 k R s C i B 6 0 0 F G R 2 1 0 k C R e e C 1 0 7 R L 4 . 7 k
C R O
TABULATION:
Department Of ECE
With FB S.No. Frequency (Hz) Output Gain = Voltage 20log(Vo/Vi) (Volts) (dB) Frequency (Hz)
With out FB Output Voltage (Volts) Gain = 20log(Vo/Vi) (dB)
(ii)
CURRENT SERIES FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No Components 1. Transistor 2. 3. 4. 5. Resistor Function Generator Cathode Ray Oscilloscope Regulated Power Supply
Range BC107
Quantity 1
600,4.7K,10K 1 (0-30)V 1 1 1
Department Of ECE
6. 7. 8.
Probe Connecting wires Bread Board
2 1
PIN CONFIGURATION:
SYMBOL:
C
B
BC107 E
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
(i)Without Feedback
Department Of ECE
10
= 1 0 V
R 1 1 0 k
c C o
i B C 1 0 7 R L 4 . 7 k
6 0 0
CRO
G R 2 R e C e
DESIGN: Given
Department Of ECE
11
VCC =10V , I C = 1mA , f L = 50 Hz , h fe = 290 , RS = 600 , RL = 4.7 K R1 =10 K, VBE = 0.7V , I C I E VCE = VCC / 2 re = 26 mV , IE VE = VCC 10 VE IE VB = VE +VBE
hie = h fe * re ,
RE =
VCC = VCE + I C R C +I E RE , VB = VCC .R1 R1 + R2 CE =
X CE = RE / 10 , XCo = RC // RL , 10
1 2 f L X CE 1 2 f L X C o
Co =
X C i = hie + (1 + h fe ) RE // RB RB = R1 // R2 , Ci =
1 2 f L X C i
(ii) With Feedback
Department Of ECE
12
= 1 0 V
R 1 1 0 k
c C o
i B C 1 0 7 R L 4 . 7 k
6 0 0
CRO
G R 2 R e
TABULATION: (ii) CURRENT SERIES FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER With FB Output Gain = Voltage 20log(Vo/Vi) (Volts) (dB) Vi = Volts Without FB Output Gain = Frequenc Voltage 20log(Vo/Vi) y (Hz) (Volts) (dB)
S.No.
Frequenc y (Hz)
Department Of ECE
13
PROCEDURE
1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram. 2. Apply 10V dc supply to the collector and base of transistors. 3. Set the I/P voltage using Function generator and vary the frequency in desired range. 4. For each frequency note down the corresponding O/P voltage values. 5. Repeat the same procedure for with feedback amplifier circuit. 6. Graphs are plotted as gain versus frequency for the tabulated readings.
Department Of ECE
14
MODEL GRAPH: Y
Gain (dB) Ao 0.707Ao
3dB
With out FB
Ao 0.707Ao
3dB
With FB
X f1 f1 f2 f2 Frequency (Hz)
Department Of ECE
15
RESULT
Department Of ECE
16
VIVA:
1. What is Feedback? What are its types? 2. Which type of FB is used in amplifiers? 3. Give any 4 merits of negative FB? 4. Define desensitivity. 5. What do you meant by Sampling and mixing in the context of FB amplifiers?
Department Of ECE
17
Ex. No: 2 DATE: AIM:
HARTLEY AND COLPITTS OSCILLATORS
(i)To design and construct a Hartley oscillator circuit to generate a sine waveform. (ii) To design and construct a Colpitts oscillator circuit to generate a sine waveform. (i) APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.No Components 1. Transistor 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Resistor Capacitor Radio Frequency Choke Cathode Ray Oscilloscope Regulated Power Supply Probe Connecting wires Bread Board Range BC548 390,270K 1nF,0.02F,0.1F,47F 30mH (0-30)V Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 HARTLEY OSCILLATOR
Department Of ECE
18
DESIGN:
f = 1 2 LC
f = 30 KHz C = 0.02 F L1 = L2 = L / 2 = ?
L = L1 + L2
PIN CONFIGURATION:
SYMBOL:
C
B
BC548 E
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Department Of ECE
19
= 1
R F C 3 0 m H R 2 C i B 2 4 7 u F C 0 e . 1 u F C o 1 n C 5 4 8 7 b 0 k 2
L C 0 . 0 2 u F 1 2 L
R e 3 9 0
CRO
0 0
PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram. 2. Switch on the dc power supply and apply 10V as bias voltage. 3. Sine wave output is obtained and the readings are tabulated. 4. Graph is plotted by taking time period along X-axis and voltage along Yaxis.
Department Of ECE
20
Department Of ECE
21
(ii) APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.No Components 1. Transistor 2. Resistor 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Capacitor
COLPITTS OSCILLATOR
Range BC107 2.2K,100K 47K 0.02F, 0.1F,0.2F, 10F (0-30)V -
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope Regulated Power Supply Probe Connecting wires Bread Board
Quantity 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1
Department Of ECE
22
PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram. 2. Switch on the dc power supply and apply 12V as bias voltage. 3. Sine wave output is obtained and the readings are tabulated. 4. Graph is plotted by taking time period along X-axis and voltage along Yaxis.
PIN CONFIGURATION:
SYMBOL:
C
B
BC107 E
DESIGN:
fr = 1 2
Let C1 = 0.2 F , C 2 = 0.02 F , f r = 10 KHz C1 + C 2 LC 1C 2 ,L =?
Department Of ECE
23
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
V C C = 1 2 V
R c 4 7 k
1 0 0 k 1 0 u F C i B 0 . 1 u F C 1 0 7
R 2 4 7 k C 1
R e 2 . 2 k
C e 1 0 u F C 2
CRO
0 . 2 u F
0
L 1 2
0 . 0 2 u F
MODEL GRAPH:
TABULATION:
Department Of ECE
24
S.No Unit 1. 2. Type Hartley oscillator Colpitts oscillator
Amplitude Volts
Time period ms
VIVA: 1.State Barkhausen criterion. 2.What is the use of RFC? 3.How do Hartley differ from Colpitts oscillator? 4.Give the frequency range of Hartley and Colpitts oscillator.
RESULT:
Department Of ECE
25
Ex. No: 3 DATE: AIM:
RC PHASE SHIFT AND WIEN BRIDGE OSCILLATORS
(i)To design and construct a RC phase shift oscillator circuit to generate a
sine waveform. (ii) To design and construct a Wien bridge oscillator circuit to generate a sine waveform. (i) RC PHASE SHIFT OSCILLATOR Department Of ECE
26
APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Resistor Capacitor Cathode Ray Oscilloscope Regulated Power Supply Probe Connecting wires Bread Board Components Transistor BC107 10K 10F 47F (0-30)V Range Quantity 1 3 2 1 1 1 2 1
PIN CONFIGURATION:
SYMBOL:
C
B
BC107 E
Department Of ECE
27
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
V C C = 1 2 V
R R 1
c C o
i B C 1 0 7
1 0 u F
1 0 u F 4 7 u F C e
CRO
R 1 0 k
0
C C C
R 1 0 k
R 1 0 k
DESIGN:
Department Of ECE
28
Given VCC = 12V , = 100 , R = 10 K, I C = 2mA , f o = 4 KHz IB = IC
, I E = I B + IC
VCE = VCC / 2 V B = V E + V BE V E = 10 % of VCC RE = R2 = RC = fo = VE IE VB , 10 I B R1 = VCC R2 10 I B
VCC VCE I E R E IC 1 2RC 6 + 4( RC R )
MODEL GRAPH:
Model Calculation
Department Of ECE
29
Department Of ECE
30
(ii)
WIEN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR
APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.No Components 1. Transistor 2. Resistor 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Capacitor Cathode Ray Oscilloscope Regulated Power Supply Probe Connecting wires Bread Board Range BC107 2.2K,47K,300K 4.6K,41K,100K 1nF, 10F (0-30)V Quantity 2 1 2 2 3 1 1 2 1
PIN CONFIGURATION:
SYMBOL:
Department Of ECE
31
C
B
BC107 E
DESIGN:
f = 15 KHz , C = 1nF C1 = C 2 = C , f = 1 2RC
Let R1 = R2 = R,
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
V C C = 1 2 V
R 3 0
R 1 1 0 0
R c 1 4 . 6 k C 1 0 B C 1 0 7 0 1 u F
R 3 1 0 0
R c 2 4 . 6 k C 1 0 B C 1 0 7
o u
2 F
C 1 n
C R O
C 1 n
R 2 4 1 k
R e 1 4 7 k
R 4 4 1 k
R e 2 2 . 2 k
C e 1 0 u F
TABULATION:
Department Of ECE
32
S.No 1. 2.
Type RC phase shift oscillator Wien bridge oscillator
Amplitude(Volts)
Time period(ms)
MODEL GRAPH:
Department Of ECE
33
Department Of ECE
34
PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram. 2. Switch on the dc power supply and apply 12V as bias voltage. 3. Sine wave output is obtained and the readings are tabulated. 4. Graph is plotted by taking time period along X-axis and voltage along Yaxis.
VIVA: 1.Why do we call Wienbridge oscillator as lead-lag circuit oscillator? 2.Why 3 RC networks in cascaded connection are in RC phase shift oscillator? 3.What are the advantages & disadvantages of RC phase shift oscillator?
RESULT:
Department Of ECE
35
Department Of ECE
36
EX.NO:4 DATE: AIM:
SIMULATION OF BUTTERWORTH SECOND ORDER LOW PASS FILTER
To design and construct a second order Butterworth low pass filter having upper cutoff frequency 1KHz and to create a PSpice model and simulate to determine its frequency response.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED: PSPICE OrCAD 10.3
Department Of ECE
37
SYMBOL:
Inverting I/P 2 Non-Inverting 3 I/P
4 7 + 7 4
V O O 1 O V
S U
1 6 5
1 T 2
O / P
PIN DIAGRAM:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Department Of ECE
38
DESIGN:
f h = 1KHz , C = 0.1F , = 1.414 for n = 2, R f = 5.86 K 1 2RC Ao = 3 fh = Ao = 1 + Rf Ri
PROCEDURE:
1. We are using Pspice evaluation package and Vdc as input source.

2. Select Program OrCAD 10.3 Capture click to get the component file. 3. To create the lowpass filter circuit we require Opamp(741),Vdc , ground
terminals,resistors,capacitors and external a.c input signal. 4. Select the parts one by one and place them in the work area. 5. Arrange the parts and make connections using wire. 6. Save the circuit as file. 7. Click Pspice before which place the voltage marker at the i/p and o/p sides. Department Of ECE
39
8. Click Pspice New simulation profile open analysis setup time
domain analysis change Run to time give O.K.

9. Open Pspice create Netlist to make sure that there are no wiring errors. 10. If there is no error, then open Pspice click Run click Plot add plot
to window Cut and paste the waveforms. VIVA: 1. What is the expansion of Pspice? 2. Differentiate active filter and passive filter. 3. Give the important features of IC 741. 4. Define cut-off frequency and bandwidth.
RESULT
Department Of ECE
40
Ex.No:5 DATE: AIM:
SIMULATION OF DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER
To design and construct a differential amplifier in both common and differential modes and create a PSpice model to simulate in both modes.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED: PSPICE OrCAD 10.3 SYMBOL:

C
Q2 N 22 2 2
Department Of ECE
41
DESIGN:
Vcc=12v , IE=1mA , VEE= -12V Assume Ad=150 , VBE = 0.7V RE=[VEE - VBE)] / IE re=26mV/IE Ad=Rc/re; Rc=Adre
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: (i)Common Mode
ii) Differential Mode Department Of ECE

42
PROCEDURE:

2. Select Program OrCAD 10.3 Capture click on file new project click to get the component file. 3. To draw the circuit we require transistors ( 2N2222),Vdc , ground
terminals,resistors and external a.c input signal. 4. Select the parts one by one and place them in the work area. 5. Arrange the parts and make connections using wire.
6. The parts attributes are changed by giving double click on the label then
enter the new value. 7. Save the circuit as file.
Department Of ECE
43
8. Click Pspice before which place the differential voltage marker at the o/p side and voltage marker at the input side.

10. Open Pspice create Netlist to make sure that there are no wiring errors. 11. If there is no error, then open Pspice click Run click Plot add plot to
window Cut and paste the waveforms. 12.The same procedure is repeated for differential mode of operation. VIVA: 1. Define CMRR. 2. Give some applications of differential amplifier. 3. What are the ideal characteristics of differential amplifier
RESULT:
Department Of ECE
44
EX.NO:6 DATE: AIM:
SIMULATIONS OF ASTABLE AND MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATORS
To create a PSpice model and to simulate Astable and Monostable multivibrators. SOFTWARE REQUIRED: PSICE OrCAD 10.3 PIN DIAGRAM:
Department Of ECE
45
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: (i)Astable Multivibrator
Department Of ECE
46
V 1 5 v X 1 E 8
R 2 7 . 2 k
3 . 6 k
G N D
2 4 5 6 7
T R I G G R E S O E UT C O N T R T H R E S D I S C H
V C C
R 3 T P U T O L H O L D A R G E
O/P
5 5 5 D C 1 0 . 1 uC F 2 1
0 . 0 1 u F
(ii) Monostable Multivibrator
V 2 5 v
T r i g g e r
I / P
R 3 1 0 k 2 4 5 6 7
X 2
VC C
G N D
T R I G G E R3 R E SO E U T T P U T C O N T R O L T H R E S H O L D D I S C H A R G E 5 5 5 D
O/P
C 3 0 . 1 u F
0 C
4 u F
0 . 0 1
PROCEDURE:
Department Of ECE
47

2. Select Program OrCAD 10.3 Capture click on file new project click to get the component file. 3. To draw the circuit we require IC 555, Vdc, ground terminals, resistors,
capacitors. 4. Select the parts one by one and place them in the work area. 5. Arrange the parts and make connections using wire.
6. The parts attributes are changed by giving double click on the label then
enter the new value. 7. Save the circuit as file. 8. Click Pspice before which place the voltage marker at the input side and output side.

10. Open Pspice create Netlist to make sure that there are no wiring errors. 11. If there is no error, then open Pspice click Run click Plot add plot to
window Cut and paste the waveforms. 12.The same procedure is repeated for monostable multivibrator.
RESULT:
Department Of ECE
48
Department Of ECE
49
EX.NO: 7 DATE: AIM:
TUNED CLASS C AMPLIFIER
To design and construct a tuned Class C amplifier circuit and to obtain its frequency response.
APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Components Transistor Capacitor Function Generator Cathode Ray Oscilloscope Regulated Power Supply Probe Connecting wires Bread Board Range BC107 1nF,0.1 F 220 F (0-30)V Quantity 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1
Department Of ECE
50
PIN CONFIGURATION:
SYMBOL:
C
B
BC107 E
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
V C C = 1 0 V
2 L C 1 n F
R C i
0 . 1 u F B C 1 0 7
2 2 0 u F
C R O
F G R 2 R e C e 2 2 0 u F
Department Of ECE
51
DESIGN:
Given
IC = 1mA , VCC = 10V , = 100 , f r = 80 KHz , C i = C e = 220 F , C o = 0.1F , V BE = 0.7V VCC 2 IC = ,
VCE = IB
I E = I B + IC
V E = 10 % of VCC V B = V BE + V E RE = VE IE I 2 = 9I B R1 = VCC V B I1 VB , I2 1 L =?
I 1 = 10 I B , R2 = fr =
2 LC LetC = 1nF ,
MODEL GRAPH:
Department Of ECE
52
TABULATION: Vi = S.No Unit Frequency Hz Output Voltage Volts Volts Gain = 20log(Vo/Vi) dB
Department Of ECE
53
PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram. 2. Apply 10V dc supply to the collector and base of transistors. 3. Set the I/P voltage using Function generator and vary the frequency in desired range. 4. For each frequency note down the corresponding O/P voltage values. 5. Graphs are plotted as gain versus frequency for the tabulated readings.
VIVA:
1. What is Class C operation? 2. Define tank circuit. 3. Give some applications of tuned Class C amplifier. 4. What is the difference b/w Class C and Class D operation?
RESULT:
Department Of ECE
54
Department Of ECE
55
EX.NO: 8 ASTABLE, MONOSTABLE AND BISTABLE MULTIVIBRATORS DATE: AIM:
(i) To design and construct an astable multivibrator and to obtain its waveform. (ii)To design and construct a monostable multivibrator with a pulsewidth of 0.1ms using transistor. (iii) To design and construct a bistable multivibrator with a frequency of 2 KHz and to obtain its performance curve.
(i) ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Transistor Capacitor Cathode Ray Oscilloscope Regulated Power Supply Probe Connecting wires Bread Board Components Range BC548 1nF (0-30)V 2 2 1 1 2 1 Quantity
Department Of ECE
56
DESIGN:
Given
VCC =10V , I C = 5mA , f =1.3KHz , C =1nF R C 1 = R C 2 = RC R1 = R 2 = R C1 = C 2 = C RC = VCC IC
T =1.38 RC
PIN CONFIGURATION:
SYMBOL:
C
B
BC548 E
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Department Of ECE
57
R C 1 n 1 F
2 C 1 n 2 F
O / P V c 1
B C 5 4 8
O / P V c 2
B C 5 4 8
MODEL GRAPH:
Department Of ECE
58
O/P across C1
Vc1 (V)
O/P across C2
t (ms)
Vc2 (V)
t (ms)
VB1 (V)
O/P across B1
t (ms)
VB2 (V)
t (ms)
O/P across B2
Department Of ECE
59
PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram. 2. Apply 10V dc supply to the collector and base of transistors. 3. O/P is taken from collector and base of each transistor. 4. Readings are noted and tabulated. 5. Graph is drawn for timeperiod versus amplitude.
Department Of ECE
60
(ii) APPARATUS REQUIRED:
MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
S.No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Components Transistor Diode Capacitor Function Generator Cathode Ray Oscilloscope Regulated Power Supply Probe Connecting wires Bread Board
Range SL100 1N4007 1nF (0-30)V -
Quantity 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
Department Of ECE
61
PIN CONFIGURATION:
SYMBOL:
PIN CONFIGURATION: A K
SYMBOL: A 1N4007 K
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Department Of ECE
62
= 1 2 V
1 R B C C R 2 s
L 1 0 0 R 1
L 1 0 0 C c C d
Trigger I/P
0
D 1 I N 4 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 1 u F
R R e
DESIGN: Given
Department Of ECE
63
VCC = 12V , I C = 2mA , VCE = 3V , Vre = 3V , V BE = 0.7V , h fe = 100 Ri = 1.2 K, f = 2 KHz , f max = 2 KHz RC 1 = RC 2 = RC Re = V re / I E I B2 = IC , h fe RC = [VCC (VCE + Vre ) ] / I C R B = [VCC (Vre + V BE ) ] / I B 2
R2 = [VCC (V BE + V re ) ] 10 I B1 R1 = Vre + V BE 9 I B1 Ri 1 , CC = 1000 2fX CC Where = R2 .C S (T = 1 / f ) Take T as 0.1ms
X CC = CS = ?
f max = 1 / 2 Rd C d = T / 10 T = 0.69 R B .C C =?
Let C d = 1nF Rd = ?
MODEL GRAPH: Trigger I/P Vin (V) t(ms) O/P across C Vo (V)
t(ms)
(iii)
Department Of ECE
64
(iv)
BISTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
Department Of ECE
65
APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Components Transistor Diode Function Generator Cathode Ray Oscilloscope Regulated Power Supply Probe Connecting wires Bread Board Range SL100 1N4007 (0-30)V Quantity 2 3 1 1 1 2 1
DESIGN: Given
VCC = 12V , I C = 2mA, h fe = 180 , VCE ( sat ) = Vre = 3V , f max = 2 KHz I B = I C / h fe Re = Vre IC
RC = VCC VCE ( sat ) + Vre / I C R1 = [VCC (Vre + V BE ) ] / 10 I B R2 = (Vre + V BE ) / 9 I B
)]
1 2 f max
= RC Where R = R1 // R2 C = ? R.C d << T Let T = 1 / f ( f = f max / 2) Let R = 1M C d = ?
PIN CONFIGURATION:
SYMBOL:
Department Of ECE
66
A 1N4007
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
MODEL GRAPH:
Department Of ECE
67
TABULATION: S.No Unit Across C1 1.Astable MV Across C2 Across B1 Across B2 2.Monostable Trigger I/P MV O/P Trigger I/P 3.Bistable MV Across C1 Across C2 Amplitude Volts Time period ms
Department Of ECE
68
PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram. 2. Apply 12V dc supply to the collector and base of transistors. 3. Set the trigger I/P voltage using Function generator. 4. O/P is taken from collector of each transistor. 5. Readings are noted and tabulated. 6. Graph is drawn for timeperiod versus amplitude.
Department Of ECE
69
VIVA:
1. What is the difference b/w oscillator and multivibrator? 2. Define pulse width. 3. What do you mean by quasi stable state? 4. What is the use of speed-up capacitor? 5. Give some applications of bistable multivibrator. 6. Which type of feedback is used in multivibrators? 7. What is the difference b/w blocking oscillator and oscillator? 8. Give some applications of astable multivibrator. 9. Give some triggering methods of monostable multivibrator.
RESULT:
Department Of ECE
70
Department Of ECE
71
EX.NO: 9 DATE
INTEGRATOR, DIFFERENTIATOR, CLIPPERS AND CLAMPERS
AIM: (i) To design and construct differentiator and integrator circuits and to obtain
their output waveforms. (ii) To construct biased positive and negative clipper circuits and to obtain their output waveforms. (iii) To construct and test the clamper circuit.
(i) INTEGRATOR & DIFFERENTIATOR
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Components Capacitor Diode Function Generator Cathode Ray Oscilloscope Probe Connecting wires Bread Board
Range 0.1 F 1N4007 -
Quantity 1 1 1 1 2 1
Department Of ECE
72
DESIGN: Given
f =1KH , T =, = RC z Let C = 0.1 F
PIN CONFIGURATION: A K A
SYMBOL: K 1N4007
Department Of ECE
73
PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram. 2. Set the i/p signal with the help of function generator. 3. O/P is taken from CRO. 4. Readings are noted and tabulated. 5. Graph is drawn for time period versus amplitude.
Department Of ECE
74
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: (i) Differentiator Without Diode

C 0.1uF FG 1KHz R C R O
(ii)
Differentiator With Diode

C 0.1uF
FG 1KHz
1N4007
C R O
(iii)
Integrator Without Diode

R
FG 1KHz
C 0.1uF
C R O
(iv)
Integrator With Diode
Department Of ECE
75
FG 1KHz
0.1uF
1N4007
C R O
MODEL GRAPH: (i) Differentiator
I/P wave form
O/P wave form without Diode
O/P wave form with Diode
(ii) Integrator
I/P wave form
O/P wave form without Diode
Department Of ECE
76
O/P wave form with Diode
Department Of ECE
77
(ii)
CLIPPER
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Components Diode Resistor Function Generator Cathode Ray Oscilloscope Regulated Power Supply Probe Connecting wires Bread Board
Range 1N4007 2.5K (0-30)V -
Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram. 2. Set the i/p signal with the help of function generator. 3. O/P is taken from CRO. 4. Readings are noted and tabulated. Department Of ECE
78
5. Graph is drawn for timeperiod versus amplitude.

PIN CONFIGURATION: A K SYMBOL: A 1N4007 K
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: (i)Biased positive Clipper

R D 1N4007 2.5K FG 1KHz
C R O
2V
(ii) Biased negative Clipper

R 1N4007 2.5K FG 1KHz 2V D
C R O
Department Of ECE
79
MODEL GRAPH: (i)Biased positive Clipper
ii)Biased negative Clipper
Department Of ECE
80
Department Of ECE
81
(iii)
CLAMPER
APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Components Diode Resistor Capacitor Function Generator Cathode Ray Oscilloscope Regulated Power Supply Probe Connecting wires Range 1N4007 10K 10 F (0-30)V Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 -
Department Of ECE
82
Bread Board
PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram. 2. Set the i/p signal with the help of function generator. 3. O/P is taken from CRO. 4. Readings are noted and tabulated. 5. Graph is drawn for time period versus amplitude.
PIN CONFIGURATION: A CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: (i) Positive Clamper K
SYMBOL: A 1N4007 K
Department Of ECE
83
C 10uF FG 1KHz D 1N4007 R 1 0 K C R O
(ii) Negative Clamper

C 10uF FG 1KHz 1N4007 D R 1 0 K C R O
MODEL GRAPH: (i)Positive Clamper
Department Of ECE
84
(ii) Negative Clamper
Department Of ECE
85
TABULATION: S.No Unit Without diode 1.Differentiator With diode Without diode 2.Integrator With diode + ve clipper 3.Clipper 4.Clamper - ve Clamper ve clipper + ve Clamper Amplitude Volts Timeperiod ms
VIVA: 1.If the I/P to the differentiator is cosine wave what is the O/P? 2.What do you mean by biased clipper? 3.What are the other names of clipper & clamper. 4. If the I/P to the integrator is square wave what is the O/P? 5. If the I/P to the integrator is step signal what is the O/P?
Department Of ECE
86
RESULT:
Department Of ECE
87
Ex.No:10
DATE: AIM:
Simulation of CMOS Inverter, NAND and NOR gates
To construct a CMOS inverter, NAND and NOR gates and to create their PSPICE model to simulate them. SOFTWARE REQUIRED: PSPICE OrCAD 10.3
Department Of ECE
88
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: (i) INVERTER
Department Of ECE
89
1 3 . 3 V
0
M M 1
b r e a k P
V o
M V 1 = 0 V 2 = 3 T D = 0 T R = 1 T F = 1 P W = P E R = . 3 V V 2 M n s n s 1 0 0 u s 2 0 0 u s
b r e a k N
(ii) NAND
Department Of ECE
90
Department Of ECE
91
(iii) NOR
Department Of ECE
92
PROCEDURE:

2. Select Program OrCAD 10.3 Capture click to get the component file. 3. To create CMOS inverter circuit we require NMOS, PMOS, Vdc, ground
terminals and external a.c input signal. 4. Select the parts one by one and place them in the work area. 5. Arrange the parts and make connections using wire. 6. Save the circuit as file. 7. Click Pspice before which place the voltage marker at the i/p and o/p sides.

9. Open Pspice create Netlist to make sure that there are no wiring errors. 10. If there is no error, then open Pspice click Run click Plot add plot
to window Cut and paste the waveforms. 11. The same procedure is repeated for simulation of NAND and NOR gates.
RESULT:
Department Of ECE
93
Department Of ECE
94

EC 2 Lab Manual

Încărcat de

Informații document

Descriere originală:

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

EC 2 Lab Manual

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Reg. No. : ................ Semester:

Compiled by Ms.A.Maragathamani, Lect/ECE

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

SERIES AND SHUNT FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS

S.No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Transistor Resistor

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

(i) Without Feedback

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

VCE = VCC / 2, VB = VE +VBE , VB = X CE = RE / 10 , C E = 10 2 f L RE

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

ii) With Feedback

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

With out FB Output Voltage (Volts) Gain = 20log(Vo/Vi) (dB)

CURRENT SERIES FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

Probe Connecting wires Bread Board

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

VCC = VCE + I C R C +I E RE , VB = VCC .R1 R1 + R2 CE =

(ii) With Feedback

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

Gain (dB) Ao 0.707Ao

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

Ex. No: 2 DATE: AIM:

HARTLEY AND COLPITTS OSCILLATORS

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

(ii) APPARATUS REQUIRED: S.No Components 1. Transistor 2. Resistor 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Capacitor

Range BC107 2.2K,100K 47K 0.02F, 0.1F,0.2F, 10F (0-30)V -

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

Let C1 = 0.2 F , C 2 = 0.02 F , f r = 10 KHz C1 + C 2 LC 1C 2 ,L =?

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

S.No Unit 1. 2. Type Hartley oscillator Colpitts oscillator

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

Ex. No: 3 DATE: AIM:

RC PHASE SHIFT AND WIEN BRIDGE OSCILLATORS

(i)To design and construct a RC phase shift oscillator circuit to generate a

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

Given VCC = 12V , = 100 , R = 10 K, I C = 2mA , f o = 4 KHz IB = IC

VCE = VCC / 2 V B = V E + V BE V E = 10 % of VCC RE = R2 = RC = fo = VE IE VB , 10 I B R1 = VCC R2 10 I B

VCC VCE I E R E IC 1 2RC 6 + 4( RC R )

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

WIEN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

f = 15 KHz , C = 1nF C1 = C 2 = C , f = 1 2RC

VSA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

Type RC phase shift oscillator Wien bridge oscillator