CCNA Security Chapter 8 VPN

Chapter 8Implementing Virtual Private Networks
CCNA Security
Major Concepts

Describe the purpose and operation of VPN types Describe the purpose and operation of GRE VPNs Describe the components and operations of IPsec VPNs Configure and verify a site-to-site IPsec VPN with preshared key authentication using CLI Configure and verify a site-to-site IPsec VPN with preshared key authentication using SDM Configure and verify a Remote Access VPN
Lesson Objectives
Upon completion of this lesson, the successful participant will be able to:
1. Describe the purpose and operation of VPNs 2. Differentiate between the various types of VPNs 3. Identify the Cisco VPN product line and the security features of these products 4. Configure a site-to-site VPN GRE tunnel 5. Describe the IPSec protocol and its basic functions 6. Differentiate between AH and ESP 7. Describe the IKE protocol and modes 8. Describe the five steps of IPSec operation
Lesson Objectives
9. Describe how to prepare IPSec by ensuring that ACLs are compatible with IPSec 10. Configure IKE policies using the CLI 11. Configure the IPSec transform sets using the CLI 12. Configure the crypto ACLs using the CLI 13. Configure and apply a crypto map using the CLI 14. Describe how to verify and troubleshoot the IPSec configuration 15. Describe how to configure IPSec using SDM 16. Configure a site-to-site VPN using the Quick Setup VPN Wizard in SDM 17. Configure a site-to-site VPN using the step-by-step VPN Wizard in SDM
Lesson Objectives
18. Verify, monitor and troubleshoot VPNs using SDM 19. Describe how an increasing number of organizations are offering telecommuting options to their employees 20. Differentiate between Remote Access IPSec VPN solutions and SSL VPNs 21. Describe how SSL is used to establish a secure VPN connection 22. Describe the Cisco Easy VPN feature 23. Configure a VPN Server using SDM 24. Connect a VPN client using the Cisco VPN Client software
H c vi n cng ngh thng tin Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com
What is a VPN?
A VPN is a private network that is created via tunneling over a public

network, usually the Internet. Instead of using a dedicated physical connection, a VPN uses virtual connections routed through the Internet from the organization to the remote site.
Benefits of VPN
Cost savings:
VPNs eliminate expensive dedicated WAN links and modem banks. Additionally, with the advent of cost-effective, high-bandwidth technologies, such as DSL, organizations can use VPNs to reduce their connectivity costs while simultaneously increasing remote connection bandwidth.
Security:
Use advanced encryption and authentication protocols that protect data from unauthorized access.
Scalability
VPNs use the Internet infrastructure. So it is easy to add new users, corporations can add significant capacity without adding significant infrastructure
Compatibility with broadband technology

DSL, Cable, broadband wireless
Layer 3 VPN
IPSec
VPN
Internet
IPSec
SOHO with a Cisco DSL Router
Generic routing encapsulation (GRE): point-to-point site connections Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS): they can establish any-to-any
connectivity to many sites. IPSec: point-to-point site connections
Layer 3 VPN
VPN can be made at either Layer 2 or Layer 3 of the OSI model. Establishing connectivity between sites over a Layer 2 or Layer 3 is the same. This chapter focuses on Layer 3 VPN technology. Layer 3 VPNs:
GRE: point-to-point site connections MPLS: any-to-any site connections IPsec: point-to-point site connections
Types of VPN Networks

There are two types of VPN network: Site-to-site Remote-Access
Site-to-Site VPN
A site-to-site VPN is created when connection devices on both sides of the VPN connection are aware of the VPN configuration in advance. The VPN remains static, and internal hosts have no knowledge that a VPN exists. Frame Relay, ATM, GRE, and MPLS VPNs are examples of site-to-site VPNs.
In a site-to-site VPN, hosts send and receive normal TCP/IP traffic through a VPN gateway, which can be a router, firewall, Cisco VPN Concentrator, or Cisco ASA 5500 Series Adaptive Security Appliance. The VPN gateway is responsible for encapsulating and encrypting outbound traffic from a particular site and sending it through a VPN tunnel over the Internet to a peer VPN gateway at the target site. Upon receipt, the peer VPN gateway strips the headers, decrypts the content, and relays the packet toward the target host inside its private network
Remote-Access VPNs
A remote-access VPN is created when VPN information is not statically set up, but instead allows for dynamically changing information and can be enabled and disabled. Remote-access VPNs can support the needs of telecommuters, mobile users, and extranet consumer-to-business traffic. Remote-access VPNs support a client / server architecture where a VPN client (remote host) requires secure access to the enterprise network via a VPN server device at the network edge.
VPN Client Software
R1
R1-vpn-cluster.span.com
R1
In a remote-access VPN, each host typically has Cisco VPN Client software
Cisco IOS SSL VPN
Provides remote-access connectivity from almost any Internet-enabled host using a web browser and its native Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption. Delivers two modes of access: Clientless:
A remote client needs only an SSL-enabled web browser to access HTTP- or HTTPSenabled web servers on the corporate LAN.
Thin client:
A remote client must download a small, Javabased applet for secure access of TCP applications that use static port numbers. UDP is not supported in a thin client environment.
SSL VPNs are appropriate for user populations that require per-application or per-server access control, or access from non-enterprise-owned desktops. SSL VPNs are not a complete replacement for IPsec VPNs.
Cisco VPN Product Family
Product Choice
Cisco VPN-Enabled Router
Remote-Access VPN
Secondary role
Site-to-Site VPN
Primary role
Cisco PIX 500 Series Security Appliances Cisco ASA 5500 Series Adaptive Security Appliances Cisco VPN 3000 Series Concentrators Home Routers (SOHO Routers)
Secondary role
Primary role
Primary role
Secondary role
Primary role
Secondary role
Primary role
Secondary role
VPN Solutions
Cisco provides a suite of VPNoptimized routers. Cisco IOS software for routers combines VPN services with routing services. The Cisco VPN software adds strong security using encryption and authentication The Cisco IOS feature sets incorporate many VPN features:
Voice and Video Enabled VPN (V3PN) Ipsec stateful failover Dynamic Multipoint Virtual Private Network (DMVPN) Ipsec and MPLS integration Cisco Easy VPN
VPN features

Voice and Video Enabled VPN (V3PN) - Integrates IP telephony, QoS, and IPsec, providing an end-to-end VPN service that helps ensure the timely delivery of latency-sensitive applications such as voice and video. IPsec stateful failover - Provides fast and scalable network resiliency for VPN sessions between remote and central sites. With both stateless and stateful failover solutions available, such as Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP), IPsec stateful failover ensures maximum uptime of mission-critical applications. Dynamic Multipoint Virtual Private Network (DMVPN) - Enables the auto-provisioning of site-to-site IPsec VPNs, combining three Cisco IOS software features: Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP), multipoint GRE, and IPsec VPN. This combination eases the provisioning challenges for customers and provides secure connectivity between all locations.
VPN features
IPsec and MPLS integration Enables ISPs to map IPsec sessions directly into an MPLS VPN. This solution can be deployed on co-located edge routers that are connected to a Cisco IOS software MPLS provider edge (PE) network. Cisco Easy VPN Simplifies VPN deployment for remote offices and teleworkers. The Cisco Easy VPN solution centralizes VPN management across all Cisco VPN devices, thus reducing the management complexity of VPN deployments.
Cisco ASA 5500 Series Adaptive Security Appliances

Cisco ASA 5500 Series Adaptive
Security Appliances offer flexible technologies that deliver tailored solutions to suit remote-access and site-to-site connectivity requirements. These appliances provide easy-tomanage IPsec and SSL VPN-based remote-access and network-aware, site-to-site VPN connectivity
These are some of the features that Cisco ASA 5500 Series Adaptive Security Appliances provide:
Flexible platform Resilient clustering Cisco Easy VPN Automatic Cisco VPN Client updates Cisco IOS SSL VPN VPN infrastructure for contemporary applications Integrated web-based management
Cisco ASA 5500 Series Adaptive Security Appliances
Each Cisco ASA 5500 Series Adaptive Security Appliance supports a

number of VPN peers:
Cisco ASA 5505 - 10 IPsec VPN peers and 25 SSL VPN peers, with a Base license, and 25 VPN peers (IPsec or SSL) with the Security Plus license Cisco ASA 5510 - 250 VPN peers Cisco ASA 5520 - 750 VPN peers Cisco ASA 5540 - 5000 IPsec VPN peers and 2500 SSL VPN peers Cisco ASA 5550 - 5000 VPN peers
IPSec Clients
Cisco remote-access VPNs can use four IPsec clients: Certicom client: A wireless client that is loaded on to wireless personal digital assistants (PDAs) running the Palm or Microsoft Windows Mobile operating systems. Cisco VPN Client software: Loaded on the PC or laptop of an individual, the Cisco VPN Client allows organizations to establish end-toend, encrypted VPN tunnels for secure connectivity for mobile employees or teleworkers. Cisco Remote Router VPN Client : A Cisco remote router, configured as a VPN client, that connects small office, home office (SOHO) LANs to the VPN. Cisco AnyConnect VPN Client : Next-generation VPN client that provides remote users with secure VPN connections to the Cisco 5500 Series Adaptive Security Appliance running Cisco ASA 5500 Series Software Version 8.0 and higher or Cisco ASDM Version 6.0 and higher.
Hardware Acceleration Modules

To enhance performance and offload the encryption task to specialized hardware, the Cisco VPN family of devices offers hardware acceleration modules: AIM: Advanced integration modules are installed
inside the router chassis and offload encryption tasks from the router CPU.
Cisco IPsec VPN SPA
Cisco IPSec VPN Shared Port Adapter (SPA): Delivers scalable and
cost-effective VPN performance for Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series Switches and Cisco 7600 Series Routers.
Cisco PIX VPN Accelerator Card+ (VAC+):
The PIX Firewall VAC+ delivers hardware acceleration up to 425 Mb/s of DES, 3DES, or AES IPsec encryption throughput.
GRE VPN Overview
Encapsulation
Encapsulated with GRE
Original IP Packet
Configuring a GRE Tunnel

There are five steps to configuring a GRE tunnel:
Step 1. Creating a tunnel interface using the interface tunnel 0

command. Step 2. Assigning the tunnel an IP address. Step 3. Identifying the source tunnel interface using the tunnel source command. Step 4. Identifying the destination of the tunnel using the tunnel destination command. Step 5. Configuring which protocol GRE will encapsulate using the tunnel mode gre command.
Configuring a GRE Tunnel
Create a tunnel interface

R1(config)# interface tunnel 0 R1(configif)# ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.252 R1(configif)# tunnel source serial 0/0 R1(configif)# tunnel destination 192.168.5.5 R1(configif)# tunnel mode gre ip R1(configif)#
Assign the tunnel an0 IP address R2(config)# interface tunnel

R2(configif)# ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.252
Identify the source source serial 0/0 R2(configif)# tunnel tunnel interface
R2(configif)# tunnel destination 192.168.3.3
R2(configif)# tunnel mode gre ip Identify the destination of the tunnel R2(configif)# Configure what protocol GRE will encapsulate
Using GRE
GRE can be used to tunnel non-IP traffic over an IP network Ipsec only supports unicast traffic. GRE supports all types of traffic Routing Protocols are supported in GRE GRE does not provide encryption
IPSec Topology
Main Site
Business Partner with a Cisco Router
IPsec
Perimeter Router Legacy Legacy Cisco PIX Firewall Mobile Worker with a Cisco VPN Client on a Laptop Computer Corporate
Regional Office with a Cisco PIX Firewall
POP ASA
Concentrator
SOHO with a Cisco SDN/DSL Router
Works at the network layer, protecting and authenticating IP

packets.
It is a framework of open standards which is algorithm-independent. It provides security: data confidentiality, data integrity, and origin authentication.
Essential security of IPsec

Confidentiality: IPsec ensures confidentiality by using encryption. Integrity: IPsec ensures that data arrives unchanged at the
destination using a hash algorithm such as MD5 or SHA. Authentication: IPsec uses Internet Key Exchange (IKE) to authenticate users and devices that can carry out communication independently. IKE uses several types of authentication, including username and password, one-time password, biometrics, pre-shared keys (PSKs), and digital certificates. Secure key exchange: IPsec uses the DH algorithm to provide a public key exchange method for two peers to establish a shared secret key.
IPSec Framework
Diffie-Hellman
DH7
Confidentiality
Confidentiality is achieved through
encryption of traffic as it travels down the VPN. The degree of security depends on the length of the key of the encryption algorithm. The following are some encryption algorithms and key lengths that VPNs use:
DES: Uses a 56-bit key. DES is a symmetric key cryptosystem. 3DES: A variant of DES. 3DES uses three independent 56-bit encryption keys per 64bit block. 3DES is a symmetric key cryptosystem. AES: Provides stronger security than DES and is computationally more efficient than 3DES. AES is a symmetric key cryptosystem. Software-Optimized Encryption Algorithm (SEAL): Uses a 160-bit key. SEAL is a symmetric key cryptosystem.
Integrity
Integrity
Hashed Message Authentication Codes (HMAC) is a data integrity

algorithm that guarantees the integrity of the message using a hash value. H c vi n cng ngh thng tin Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com
Integrity
There are two common HMAC algorithms:
HMAC - Message Digest 5 (HMACMD5): The variable-length message and 128-bit shared secret key are combined and run through the HMAC-MD5 hash algorithm. The output is a 128-bit hash. HMAC- Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (HMAC-SHA-1): The variable-length message and the 160-bit shared secret key are combined and run through the HMAC-SHA-1 hash algorithm. The output is a 160-bit hash.
HMAC-SHA-1 is considered cryptographically stronger than HMAC-MD5. It is recommended when slightly superior security is important.
Authentication
The device on the other end of the VPN tunnel must be authenticated
before the communication path is considered secure. There are two primary methods of configuring peer authentication.:
Pre-shared Keys (PSKs) - A pre-shared secret key value is entered into each peer manually and is used to authenticate the peer. RSA signatures - The exchange of digital certificates authenticates the peers
Pre-shared Key (PSK)
At the local device, the authentication key and the identity information (device-specific information) are sent through a hash algorithm to form hash_I. One-way authentication is established by sending Diffie-Hellman DH7 hash_I to the remote device. If the remote device can independently create the same hash, the local device is authenticated. The authentication process continues in the opposite direction. The remote device combines its identity information with the preshared-based authentication key and sends it through the hash algorithm to form hash_R. hash_R is sent to the local device. If the local device can independently create the same hash, the remote device is authenticated.
RSA Signatures
At the local device, the authentication key and identity information (device-specific information) are sent through the hash algorithm forming hash_I. hash_I is encrypted using the local device's private encryption key creating a digital signature. The digital signature and a digital certificate are forwarded to the remote device. The public encryption key for decrypting the signature is included in the digital certificate. The remote device verifies the digital signature by decrypting it using the public encryption key. The result is hash_I. Next, the remote device independently creates hash_I from stored information. If the calculated hash_I equals the decrypted hash_I, the local device is authenticated. After the remote device authenticates the local device, the authentication process begins in the opposite direction and all steps are repeated from the remote device to the local device.
Secure Key Exchange
Encryption algorithms (DES, 3DES) as well as the hashing algorithms (MD5, SHA) require a symmetric, shared secret key to perform encryption and decryption. How do the encrypting and decrypting devices get the shared secret key? The Diffie-Hellman (DH) key agreement is a public key exchange method that provides a way for two peers to establish a shared secret key that only they know. There are four DH groups: 1, 2, 5, and 7.
IPSec Framework Protocols

Authentication Header R1
All data is in plaintext.
R2
AH provides the following:

Authentication Integrity
Encapsulating Security Payload R1

Data payload is encrypted.
R2
ESP provides the following:

Encryption Authentication Integrity
Authentication Header
Authentication Header
1. The IP Header and data payload are hashed
IP Header + Data + Key Hash

IP HDR
R2
AH
Data
Authentication Data
(00ABCDEF)
IP Header + Data + Key

3. The new packet is Internet transmitted to the IPSec peer router
Hash Recomputed Received Hash Hash =
IP HDR
AH
Data
2. The hash builds a new AH header which is prepended R1 to the original packet
(00ABCDEF) 4. The peer router hashes the IP (00ABCDEF) header and data payload, extracts the transmitted hash and compares
ESP
Diffie-Hellman
DH7
Function of ESP
Internet Router
IP HDR Data
Router
IP HDR Data
New IP HDR
ESP HDR
IP HDR
Data
ESP Trailer
ESP Auth
Encrypted Authenticated

Provides confidentiality with encryption Provides integrity with authentication
Mode Types
Transport Mode: Protect the payload and transport layer but leave the original IP in plaintext. The original IP is used to route the packet through the Internet Work well with GRE Tunnel Mode: Protect complete original IP packet. The original IP packet is encrypted and then it is encapsulated in another IP packet. The packet is routed by outside IP address. Used in the Ipsec remote-access application.
Security Associations

The negotiated parameters between two devices are known as a security association (SA). A VPN has SA entries defining the IPsec encryption parameters as well as SA entries defining the key exchange parameters. Diffie-Hellman (DH) is used to create the shared secret key. IPsec uses the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) protocol to establish the key exchange process. IKE is layered on UDP and uses UDP port 500 to exchange IKE information
IKE Phases
Host A 10.0.1.3 IKE Phase 1 Exchange
1. Negotiate IKE policy sets
Policy 10 DES MD5 pre-share DH1 Policy 15 DES MD5 pre-share DH1 lifetime
R1
R2
Host B 10.0.2.3
1. Negotiate IKE policy sets
2. DH key exchange
lifetime
2. DH key exchange
3. Verify the peer identity
3. Verify the peer identity
IKE Phase 2 Exchange

Negotiate IPsec policy Negotiate IPsec policy
IKE Phase 1 First Exchange

Host A 10.0.1.3
Policy 10 DES MD5 pre-share DH1 Policy 20 lifetime 3DES SHA pre-share DH1 lifetime
R1 Negotiate IKE Proposals
R2 Host B 10.0.2.3
Policy 15 DES
IKE Policy Sets
MD5 pre-share DH1 lifetime
Negotiates matching IKE policies to protect IKE exchange
IKE Phase 1 Second Exchange

Establish DH Key
Private value, XA
Alice
Private value, XB Public value, YB YB = gXB mod p YA YB

Bob
Public value, YA YA = g XA mod p
(YB ) mod p = K
XA
XB (YA )
mod p = K
A DH exchange is performed to establish keying material.
IKE Phase 1 Third Exchange

Authenticate Peer
Remote Office Corporate Office
Internet
HR Servers
Peer Authentication
Peer authentication methods

PSKs RSA signatures RSA encrypted nonces
A bidirectional IKE SA is now established.

IKE Phase 1 Aggressive Mode

The three exchanges of IKE Phase 1 transpire in what is called main mode. IKE Phase 1 can also transpire in aggressive mode. Aggressive mode is faster than main mode because there are fewer exchanges. Aggressive mode compresses the IKE SA negotiation phases into one exchange with three packets. Main mode requires three exchanges with six packets.
IKE Phase 1 Aggressive Mode

Aggressive mode packets include: First packet - The initiator packages everything needed for the SA negotiation in the first message, including its DH public key. Second packet - The recipient responds with the acceptable parameters, authentication information, and its DH public key. Third packet - The initiator then sends a confirmation that it received that information.
IKE Phase 2
Host A 10.0.1.3
R1
R2
Host B 10.0.2.3
Negotiate IPsec Security Parameters
IKE Phase 2 performs the following functions: Negotiates IPsec security parameters, known as IPsec transform sets Establishes IPsec SAs Periodically renegotiates IPsec SAs to ensure security Optionally performs an additional DH exchange
IPSec VPN Negotiation

10.0.1.3 R1 R2 10.0.2.3
1. 2.
Host A sends interesting traffic to Host B. R1 and R2 negotiate an IKE Phase 1 session. IKE SA
IKE Phase 1
IKE SA
3.
R1 and R2 negotiate an IKE Phase 2 session. IPsec SA

IKE Phase 2
IPsec SA
4.
Information is exchanged via IPsec tunnel.

IPsec Tunnel
5.
The IPsec tunnel is terminated.

Configuring IPsec
Tasks to Configure IPsec:

Task 1: Ensure that ACLs are compatible with IPsec. Task 2: Create ISAKMP (IKE) policy. Task 3: Configure IPsec transform set. Task 4: Create a crypto ACL. Task 5: Create and apply the crypto map.
Task 1: Configure Compatible ACLs
Site 1
10.0.1.0/24 10.0.1.3 R1
AH ESP IKE R2
Site 2
10.0.2.0/24 10.0.2.3
Internet
S0/0/0 172.30.1.2 S0/0/0 172.30.2.2
Ensure that protocols 50 (ESP), 51 (AH) and UDP port 500 (ISAKMP)
traffic are not blocked by incoming ACLs on interfaces used by IPsec.
Permitting Traffic
Task 2: Configure IKE
ISAKMP Parameters
Multiple Policies
Policy Negotiations
Crypto ISAKMP Key
Sample Configuration
Task 3: Configure the Transform Set
Task 3: Configure the Transform Set
Transform Sets
Task 4: Configure the Crypto ACLs
Command Syntax
Symmetric Crypto ACLs
Task 5: Apply the Crypto Map
Crypto Map Command

router(config)# crypto map map-name seq-num ipsec-manual crypto map map-name seq-num ipsec-isakmp [dynamic dynamic-map-name] crypto map Parameters
Command Parameters Description
map-name seq-num ipsec-manual ipsec-isakmp cisco
Defines the name assigned to the crypto map set or indicates the name of the crypto map to edit. The number assigned to the crypto map entry. Indicates that ISAKMP will not be used to establish the IPsec SAs. Indicates that ISAKMP will be used to establish the IPsec SAs. (Default value) Indicates that CET will be used instead of IPsec for protecting the traffic. (Optional) Specifies that this crypto map entry references a preexisting static crypto map. If this keyword is used, none of the crypto map configuration commands are available. (Optional) Specifies the name of the dynamic crypto map set that should be used as the policy template.
dynamic
dynamic-map-name
Crypto Map Configuration- Mode Commands
Command set peer [hostname | ipaddress] pfs [group1 | group2] transform-set [set_name(s)] security-association lifetime match address [accesslist-id | name] no exit
Description
Used with the peer, pfs, transform-set, and security-association commands. Specifies the allowed IPsec peer by IP address or hostname.
Specifies DH Group 1 or Group 2. Specify list of transform sets in priority order. When the ipsec-manual parameter is used with the crypto map command, then only one transform set can be defined. When the ipsec-isakmp parameter or the dynamic parameter is used with the crypto map command, up to six transform sets can be specified. Sets SA lifetime parameters in seconds or kilobytes. Identifies the extended ACL by its name or number. The value should match the access-list-number or name argument of a previously defined IP-extended ACL being matched. Used to delete commands entered with the set command. Exits crypto map configuration mode.
Assign the Crypto Map Set
CLI Commands
Show Command show crypto map show crypto isakmp policy show crypto ipsec sa show crypto ipsec transform-set debug crypto isakmp debug crypto ipsec
Description
Displays configured crypto maps Displays configured IKE policies Displays established IPsec tunnels Displays configured IPsec transform sets Debugs IKE events Debugs IPsec events
show crypto map
show crypto isakmp policy
show crypto ipsec transform-set
show crypto ipsec sa
debug crypto isakmp
Use SDM - Starting a VPN Wizard

1. Click Configure in main toolbar 1 3 2 2. Click the VPN button to open the VPN page
Wizards for IPsec Solutions, includes type of VPNs and Individual IPsec components
3. Choose a wizard 4. Click the VPN implementation subtype VPN implementation 4 Subtypes. Vary based
On VPN wizard chosen.
5 5. Click the Launch the Selected Task button

VPN Components
VPN Wizards
SSL VPN parameters
Individual IPsec components used to build VPNs
Easy VPN server parameters
VPN Components
Public key certificate parameters Encrypt VPN passwords
Configuring a Site-to-Site VPN

Choose Configure > VPN > Site-to-Site VPN
Click the Create a Site-to-Site VPN
Click the Launch the Selected Task button
Site-to-Site VPN Wizard
Choose the wizard mode
Click Next to proceed to the configuration of parameters.
Quick Setup
Configure the parameters Interface to use Peer identity information Authentication method Traffic to encrypt
Verify Parameters
Step-by-Step Wizard
Choose the outside interface that is used to connect to the IPSec peer 2 Specify the IP address of the peer 3 Choose the authentication method and specify the credentials 4 Click Next
Creating a Custom IKE Proposal

Make the selections to configure 2 the IKE Policy and click OK
1 Click Add to define a proposal
3 Click Next
Creating a Custom IPSec Transform Set

Define and specify the transform set name, integrity algorithm, encryption algorithm, mode of operation and optional compression 2
1 Click Add 3 Click Next
Protecting Traffic Subnet to Subnet
Click Protect All Traffic Between the Following subnets 1
2 Define the IP address and subnet mask of the local network
3 Define the IP address and subnet mask of the remote network
Protecting Traffic Custom ACL
1 Click the Create/Select an Access-List for IPSec Traffic radio button
Click the ellipses button to choose an existing ACL or create a new one 2 3
To use an existing ACL, choose the Select an Existing Rule (ACL) option. To create a new ACL, choose the Create a New Rule (ACL) and Select option
Add a Rule
Give the access rule a name and description
2 Click Add
Configuring a New Rule Entry

Choose an action and enter a description of the rule entry 1
2 Define the source hosts or networks in the Source Host/Network pane and the destination hosts or network in the Destination/Host Network pane 3
(Optional) To provide protection for specific protocols, choose the specific protocol radio box and desired port numbers
Configuration Summary
Click Back to modify the configuration. Click Finish to complete the configuration.
Verify VPN Configuration

Choose Configure > VPN > Site-to-Site VPN > Edit Site-to-Site VPN
Check VPN status.
Create a mirroring configuration if no Cisco SDM is available on the peer.
Test the VPN configuration.
Monitor
Choose Monitor > VPN Status > IPSec Tunnels
1 Lists all IPsec tunnels, their parameters, and status.
Implementing Remote-Access VPNs
Telecommuting

Flexibility in working location and working hours Employers save on realestate, utility and other overhead costs Succeeds if program is voluntary, subject to management discretion, and operationally feasible
Telecommuting Benefits
Organizational benefits:
Continuity of operations Increased responsiveness Secure, reliable, and manageable access to information Cost-effective integration of data, voice, video, and applications Increased employee productivity, satisfaction, and retention
Social benefits:
Increased employment opportunities for marginalized groups Less travel and commuter related stress
Environmental benefits:
Reduced carbon footprints, both for individual workers and organizations
Implementing Remote Access
Methods for Deploying Remote Access
IPsec Remote Access VPN
Any Application
Anywhere Access
SSL-Based VPN
Comparison of SSL and IPSec
SSL Applications
Web-enabled applications, file sharing, e-mail
IPsec
All IP-based applications
Encryption
Moderate Key lengths from 40 bits to 128 bits Moderate One-way or two-way authentication
Stronger Key lengths from 56 bits to 256 bits Strong Two-way authentication using shared secrets or digital certificates Moderate Can be challenging to nontechnical users Strong Only specific devices with specific configurations can connect
Authentication
Ease of Use
Very high
Overall Security
Moderate Any device can connect
SSL VPNs
Integrated security and routing Browser-based full network SSL VPN access SSL VPN
Internet
Headquarters
SSL VPN Tunnel

Workplace Resources
Types of Access
Full Tunnel Client Access Mode
Establishing an SSL Session
User makes a connection to TCP port 443 Router replies with a digitally signed public key User software creates a shared-secret key Shared-secret key, encrypted with public key of the server, is sent to the router Bulk encryption occurs using the shared-secret key with a symmetric encryption algorithm
User using SSL client

3
SSL VPN enabled ISR router
SSL VPN Design Considerations
User connectivity Router feature Infrastructure planning Implementation scope
Cisco Easy VPN

Negotiates tunnel parameters Establishes tunnels according to
set parameters Automatically creates a NAT / PAT and associated ACLs Authenticates users by usernames, group names, and passwords Manages security keys for encryption and decryption Authenticates, encrypts, and decrypts data through the tunnel
Cisco Easy VPN
Securing the VPN

1
Initiate IKE Phase 1 Establish ISAKMP SA Accept Proposal1 Username/Password Challenge
Username/Password
5
System Parameters Pushed

6
Reverse Router Injection (RRI) adds a static route entry on the router for the remote clients IP address
Initiate IKE Phase 2: IPsec IPsec SA
Configuring Cisco Easy VPN Server
1 4 3
Configuring IKE Proposals
Specify required parameters
Click Add
Click OK
Creating an IPSec Transform Set
3 1
2 4
Group Authorization and Group Policy Lookup
Select the location where Easy VPN group policies can be stored
2 5
Click Add
Click Next
Click Next Configure the local group policies
Summary of Configuration Parameters
VPN Client Overview
R1 R1
Establishes end-to-end, encrypted VPN tunnels for secure connectivity Compatible with all Cisco VPN products Supports the innovative Cisco Easy VPN capabilities
Establishing a Connection
Once authenticated, status changes to connected.
R1
R1
Summary
A VPN is a private network that is created via tunneling over a public network, usually the Internet. There are site-to-site VPNs and remote access VPNs. VPNs require the use of modern encryption techniques to ensure secure transport of information.
Summary
Summary
IPsec is a framework of open standards that establishes the rules for secure communications. IPsec relies on existing algorithms to achieve encryption, authentication, and key exchange. IPsec can encapsulate a packet using either Authentication Header (AH) or the more secure Encapsulation Security Protocol (ESP). IPsec uses the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) protocol to establish the key exchange process.
Summary
Summary

CCNA Security Chapter 8 VPN

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Chapter 8Implementing Virtual Private Networks

H c vi n cng ngh thng tin Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com

A VPN is a private network that is created via tunneling over a public

Compatibility with broadband technology

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SOHO with a Cisco DSL Router

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Types of VPN Networks

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VPN Client Software

Cisco IOS SSL VPN

Cisco VPN Product Family

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Cisco ASA 5500 Series Adaptive Security Appliances

Cisco ASA 5500 Series Adaptive Security Appliances

Each Cisco ASA 5500 Series Adaptive Security Appliance supports a

Hardware Acceleration Modules

Cisco PIX VPN Accelerator Card+ (VAC+):

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GRE VPN Overview

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Encapsulated with GRE

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Configuring a GRE Tunnel

Step 1. Creating a tunnel interface using the interface tunnel 0

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Configuring a GRE Tunnel

Create a tunnel interface

Assign the tunnel an0 IP address R2(config)# interface tunnel

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Business Partner with a Cisco Router

Regional Office with a Cisco PIX Firewall

SOHO with a Cisco SDN/DSL Router

Works at the network layer, protecting and authenticating IP

Essential security of IPsec

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Hashed Message Authentication Codes (HMAC) is a data integrity

Pre-shared Key (PSK)

Secure Key Exchange

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IPSec Framework Protocols

All data is in plaintext.

AH provides the following:

Encapsulating Security Payload R1

ESP provides the following:

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IP Header + Data + Key Hash

IP Header + Data + Key

Hash Recomputed Received Hash Hash =

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1. Negotiate IKE policy sets

3. Verify the peer identity