TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING EXPIREMENT NO.

11 HEAT AND VOLUME EFFECTS IN SOLUTIONS

SECTION: ES11FC1 20, 2011 27, 2011
MEMBERS Abancio, Jhomar Dela Cruz, Joey Albert Domendiano, Vigon Garcia, Marichu Nagan, Louela Peaflor, Nathaniel Reylan, Jean Harlan Rutor, Fortunato III Velarde, Michael John Veraque, Albert TASK PERFORMED Observer/Cle an the Area Performed the experiment Observer/Cle an the Area Observer Performed the experiment Observer Observer/Cle an the Area Encode the Report Observer Observer/Cle an the Area

DOP: SEPTEMBER DOS: SEPTEMBER

TIME IN OUT 4:30 7:30 4:30 4:30 4:30 4:30 4:30 4:30 4:30 4:30 4:30 7:30 7:30 7:30 7:30 7:30 7:30 7:30 7:30 7:30 LAB GOWN Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y SIGNATUR E

Engr. Renato G. Agustin

1. OBJECTIVES: Distinguish exothermic from endothermic solutions; and Familiarize with volume effects in solutions.

2. THEORY: Liquids are either completely miscible, partially miscible, or immiscible with each other. Those which are miscible, dissolve in each other exothermally, endothermally, or ethermally, and accompanied by volume changes. Such temperature and volume changes are related to the type and magnitudes of the solutions intramolecular forces, which in turn depend upon the molecular structures of the solute and solvent particles.

3. APPARATUS AND MATERIALS:

1 Graduated cylinder, 25 ml 6 Cork stopper 6 Test tube, 16 x 150 mm 1 Thermometer Acetone, CH3COCH3 15 ml Ethanol, C2H5OH 15 ml Methanol, CH3OH 15 ml Distilled water 15 ml

4. PROCEDURE:

4.1. Determine and record the initial temperatue of acetone, ethanol, methanol, and distilled water.

4.2. Place 5 ml of acetone in a test tube, add 5 ml distilled water and mix thoroughly and label the mixture.

4.3.

Determine the temperature and volume of the resulting mixture.

4.4. Repeat steps 4.2 and 4.3 this time mixing the following combination of liquids in seperate test tubes acetone and ethanol, acetone and methanol, ethanol and water, ethanol and methanol, and methanol and water.

Fig.1. The Solutions

5. DATA AND RESULTS:

Volume/Temperature of Components Before Mixing Component 1

VOLUM TEMPERATUR

Component 2
VOLUM TEMPERATUR

Volume/Temperatur e of Solution After Mixing VOLU TEMPERATU ME RE

E 5 ml 5 ml 5 ml 5 ml 5 ml 5 ml

E ACETONE 30oC ACETONE 30oC ACETONE 30oC ETHANOL 30oC ETHANOL 30oC METHANOL 30oC

E WATER 5 ml 5 ml 5 ml 5 ml 5 ml 5 ml

E 30oC ETHANOL 30oC METHANOL 30oC WATER 30oC METHANOL 30oC WATER 30oC

9 ml
10 ml 10 ml

32oC 28oC 29oC 35oC 31oC

9 ml
10 ml

9 ml 37oC Table 1.: Shows the results from the experiment

6. OBSERVATION AND INTERPRETATIONS:

As what we got on the Table 1, the results vary on what we mixed together. Some solutions form a most volatile solution while the other solutions wont. On the initial gathering of the temperature and volume all of the liquids got the same results. But after mixing the solutions the volume and temperature changes, for example the combination of the acetone and water the amount of volume added together and due to volatibility state of the acetone some of its evaporate and the liquid is now 9ml and the gathered temperature is now 32oC this results informed us that the changes took an exothermic process; for acetone and ethanol: 10ml for the volume nothing happens and just added from the initial gathering, for the temperature 28oC which this mixed up form an endothermic solutions; acetone and methanol: the volume is 10ml just added the initial gathering of data, for the temperature 29 oC an endothermic solutions. For the solutions of ethanol

and water, ethanol and methanol, and methanol and water: the temperature is 35oC, 31oC, and 37oC respectively - an exothermic solutions while the volume just added fromt the initial gathering for the solutions of ethanol and methanol but for the ethanol and water, and methanol and water the results is 9ml which means the volume change due to the volatibilty state of the solutions.

7. CONCLUSION: In relation with the experiments objectives: Distinguish exothermic from endothermic solutions; and familiarize with volume effects in solutions. With this experiment the group seen the diffrence of the exothermic from endothermic solutions and the impact of the volume of the solutions. When two substances mix to form a solution, heat is either evolved (an exothermic process) or absorbed (an endothermic process); only in the special case of an ideal solution do substances mix without any heat effect. most simple molecules mix with a small endothermic heat of solution, while exothermic heats of solution are observed when the components interact strongly with one another. An endothermic ("within-heating") describes a process or reaction in which the system absorbs energy from the surroundings in the form of heat. While the term exothermic ("outside heating") describes a process or reaction that releases energy from the system, usually in the form of heat, but also in the form of light (e.g. a spark, flame, or explosion), electricity (e.g. a battery), or sound (e.g. burning hydrogen). The property of liquids to mix in all proportions, forming a homogeneous solution is called miscibility. In this experiment all of the solutions are miscible since they mix in all proportions. The effect of the volume increases the chance of the solutions to react with each other to form either an endothermic or exothermic solutions.

8. EXERCISE:

What are the implications of volume change on mixing and heating of solution in the preparation of solutions?

Answer: The property of the liquid to be an endothermic or exothermic (temperature) will depend on the volume. some volume changes cause of the volability state of a liquid, on this experiment we're referring to Acetone, Ethanol, and Methanol. While for the distilled water, the density of pure water is a constant at a particular temperature, and does not depend on the size of the sample. That is, it is an intensive property. The density of water varies with temperature and impurities.