Written & Composed by Shabbir Bhatti

About Excel
Microsoft Excel is a Spread Sheet software. Spread Sheet means the data stored in the form of Rows & Column. We can also draw different types of Charts on data. Other Information is as follow; Number of Column: Number of Rows: Number of Sheets: 256 Per Sheet 65536 Per Sheet 3 Work Book
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To Write Numbers in a Sequence

Steps:
1. Write 1 and 2 in any two cells 2. Select both cells Shift + Down Arrow 3. Drag with the second cell when the mouse icon is + Shape.
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Note:
To write any Numbers in a sequence. Just write two Numbers in a sequence and with the help of mouse Drag down to write

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To Write Days of a Weak

Steps:
1. Write Any name of the Day like Saturday, Sunday or Monday etc. 2. Click on the Cell in which day name is written. 3. Drag with the second cell when the mouse icon is + Shape.
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To Write Months of a Year

Steps:
1. Write Any name of the Day like March, April or May etc. 2. Click on the Cell in which day name is written. 3. Drag with the second cell when the mouse icon is + Shape.
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Sum
To add Different Values in a sheet Sum Function is Used. There are Two Types of Sum Function and are as follow. Auto Sum Function Sum Function

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Auto Sum
Click on the Icon from the Standard Tool Bar And then Press Enter Double Click on Auto Sum Icon
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Sum Function
To Add Values in a Column Following Formula Is Used.

Formula: = SUM(Start Cell : End Cell) = SUM(A1:A8)

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Sum Function
To Add Values in a Row Following Formula Is Used.

Formula: =SUM(Start Cell : End Cell) =SUM(A1:D1)

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Sum Function
To Add Values in a Two Different Columns For Example. The Formula Used For this purpose is on the next Page.

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Formula: =SUM(Start Cell : End Cell, Start Cell : End Cell) =SUM(A1:A6, C1:C6)
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Sum Function
To Add Values in a Two Different Rows For Example.

The Formula Used For this purpose is on the next Page.

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Formula: =SUM(Start Cell : End Cell, Start Cell : End Cell) =SUM(A1:E1, A3:E3)
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Sum Function
To Add Values in Specific Range of Columns and Rows For Example. The Formula Used For this purpose is on the next Page.
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Formula: =SUM(Start Cell : End Cell) =SUM(A1:C5)

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Sum Function
We can also add different Numbers instead of adding the values in the Cells. Following Formula is used to add Different Numbers

Formula =Sum(10,5,15) Answer = 30

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Product
To Multiply Values in Specific Range Product Function is Used. All the Above Mentioned methods for Sum Function is also used in Product Function. Only Type Product instead of Sum, Excel Multiply all the values of specified Range of values. Formulas are on the next Page.
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Product
Column Wise Formula =Product(Start Cell : End Cell) =Product(A1 : A5) Row Wise Formula =Product(Start Cell : End Cell) =Product(A1 : E1)
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Average
To Get Average of different Values in Specific Range Average Function is Used. All the Above Mentioned methods for Sum Function is also used in Average Function. Only Type Average instead of Sum, Excel Gives Average of all the values of specified Range. Formulas are on the next Page.
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Average
Column Wise Formula =Average(Start Cell : End Cell) =Average(A1 : A5) Row Wise Formula =Average(Start Cell : End Cell) =Average(A1 : E1)
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Max Function
To Get Larger Number From different Values in Specific Range Max Function is Used. All the Above Mentioned methods for Sum Function is also used in Max Function. Only Type Max instead of Sum, Excel Gives Maximum Number From all the values of specified Range. Formulas are on the next Page.
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Max Function
Column Wise Formula =Max(Start Cell : End Cell) =Max(A1 : A5) Row Wise Formula =Max(Start Cell : End Cell) =Max(A1 : E1)
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Min Function
To Get Smaller Number From different Values in Specific Range Min Function is Used. All the Above Mentioned methods for Sum Function is also used in Min Function. Only Type Min instead of Sum, Excel Gives Smaller Number From all the values of specified Range. Formulas are on the next Page.
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Min Function
Column Wise Formula =Min(Start Cell : End Cell) =Min(A1 : A5) Row Wise Formula =Min(Start Cell : End Cell) =Min(A1 : E1)
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Pie Function
Pie is a Mathematical Term that represents a fixed value that is approximately equal to 3.141593 and up to so on. If this is Frequently used in the Worksheet then instead of Typing Numeric Value PI Function is Used For Example: 2

Formula: =PI( )

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Factorial
Returns the factorial of a number. The factorial of a number is equal to 1*2*3*...* number Example: FACT(5) equals 1*2*3*4*5 equals 120 The Factorial of a Negative Number is not Possible. Example: FACT(-1) equals #NUM! FACT(1.9) equals FACT(1) equals 1 FACT(0) equals 1::Formula: =Fact(Number) =Fact(5) Equals 120
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Absolute
Returns the absolute value of a number. The absolute value of a number is the number without its sign. SYNTAX ABS(number) Number: is the real number of which you want the absolute value. Examples = ABS(2) equals 2 =ABS(-2) equals 2
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Absolute in SQRT
If we want to take the Square Root of a Negative Number then we First apply ABS function to the Negative Number and then use SQRT function. The example is as Follow.

=SQRT(ABS(-121)) Equals 11
In the Above Formula First of all Computer take the Absolute Value of 121 that is 121 and then Take Square Root of 121 that is 11.

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Logarithm Any Base

Returns the logarithm of a number to the base you specify. SYNTAX LOG(number,base) = LOG(25,5) Equals 2 Number is the positive real number for which you want the logarithm. Base is the base of the logarithm. If base is omitted, it is assumed to be 10.
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Logarithm Base 10
Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number. SYNTAX LOG10(number) Number is the positive real number for which you want the base-10 logarithm. Examples =LOG10(86) Equals 1.934498451
=LOG10(10) Equals 1 =LOG10(1E5) Equals 5 =LOG10(10^5) Equals 5
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Power
Returns the result of a number raised to a power. Syntax POWER(number,power) Number: is the base number. It can be any real number. Power: is the exponent to which the base number is raised. = POWER(5,2) Equals 25 = POWER(98.6,3.2) Equals 2401077
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Random
Returns an evenly distributed random number greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1. A new random number is returned every time the worksheet is calculated. SYNTAX = RAND( ) To generate a random number greater than or equal to 0 but less than 100: =RAND()*100
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Round
Rounds a number to a specified number of digits. SYNTAX ROUND(number,num_digits) Number: is the number you want to round. Num_digits: specifies the number of digits to which you want to round number. Examples
= ROUND(2.15, 1) Equals 2.2 = ROUND(2.149, 1) Equals 2.1 = ROUND(-1.475, 2) Equals -1.48 = ROUND(21.5, -1) Equals 20
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Truncate
Truncates a number to an integer by removing the fractional part of the number. Syntax TRUNC(number,num_digits) Number: is the number you want to truncate. Num_digits: is a number specifying the precision of the truncation. Examples
= TRUNC(2.15, 1) Equals 2.1 = TRUNC(2.149, 1) Equals 2.1 = TRUNC(-1.475, 2) Equals -1.47
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SIN Function
Returns the sine of the given angle. SYNTAX SIN(number) Number: is the angle in radians for which you want the sine. If your argument is in degrees, multiply it by PI()/180 to convert it to radians. Examples =SIN(90) Equals 0.893997 =SIN(10) Equals -0.54402
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COS Function
Returns the cosine of the given angle. SYNTAX COS(number) Number: is the angle in radians for which you want the cosine. If the angle is in degrees, multiply it by PI()/180 to convert it to radians. Examples = COS(1.047) Equals 0.500171 = COS(60*PI()/180) Equals 0.5, the cosine of 60 degrees
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TAN Function
Returns the tangent of the given angle. SYNTAX TAN(number) Number: is the angle in radians for which you want the tangent. If your argument is in degrees, multiply it by PI()/180 to convert it to radians. Examples = TAN(0.785) Equals 0.99920 = TAN(45*PI()/180) Equals 1
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Count Function
Counts the number of cells that contain numbers and numbers within the list of arguments. Use COUNT to get the number of entries in a number field in a range or array of numbers. SYNTAX COUNT(value1,value2, ... Or Range of Cells)

Examples
= COUNT(A1:A7) Equals 3 = COUNT(A4:A7) Equals 2 = COUNT(A1:A7, 2) Equals 4
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IF Function
The IF is very powerful Function in EXCEL. It is used to perform calculation on the basis of given condition. It returns only one value. It return TRUE or FALSE depending on the Condition. The Syntax is as follow = IF( Condition, Exp1, Exp2) Condition: Specifies the given Condition. For example A10 >= 100 is a Condition. If the Value of Cell A10 is Greater or Equal to 100 then Function return TRUE otherwise FALSE.
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Following are the Conditions that can also be used in the Function.
Operator = > < >= <= <> Meaning Equal To Greater Than Lesser Than Greater or Equal To Lesser or Equal To Not Equal To
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IF Function

Example A1 = B2 A1 > B2 A1 < B2 A1 > = B2 A1 < = B2 A1 < > B2

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IF Function
Exp1: Specifies the first value that is to be returned or Executed if condition is TRUE. Exp2: Specifies the Second value that is to be returned or Executed if condition is FALSE. For Example: to Print Pass if value in Cell B1 is greater than 40 otherwise to Fail. The function is written as

= IF(B1 >=40, Pass, Fail)

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Result Sheet
In the Previous Slide it is clear that Grades of Students are Calculated. For this purpose 1st of all Enter Sample data in the Column Name, Obtained Marks and Total Marks. Apply the Formulas in the relevant Cells which are Written in the Next Slide
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Result Sheet
Formula For Percentage Marks

=B4/C4*100
Formula For Remarks

=IF(D4>=40,Pass",IF(D4 <40,Fail"))
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Grading Criteria
Average Marks
Average > = 90 Average > = 80 Average > = 70 Average > = 60 Average > = 50 Average > = 40 Average < = 40
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Grade
A+ A B C D E F
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Grading Formula
=IF(B2>=90,"A+",IF(B2>= 80,"A",IF(B2>=70,"B",IF(B 2>=60,"C",IF(B2>=50,"D", IF(B2>=40,"E",IF(B2<=40 ,"F")))))))
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Electricity Bill
In the Previous Slide it is clear that Electricity Bill is Calculated. For this purpose 1st of all Enter Sample data in the Column Name, Current Units and Previous Units. Apply the Formulas in the relevant Cells which are Written in the Next Slide
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Charges Criteria
Units Consumed
IF Units Consumed < = 100 IF Units Consumed < = 200 IF Units Consumed < = 300 IF Units Consumed > = 300

Electricity Rate
@ 2.0 Per Unite @ 2.5 Per Unite @ 3.0 Per Unite @ 4.0 Per Unite

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Electricity Bill
Formula For Units Consumed:

= C4-B4
Formula For Electricity Charge
=IF(D4<=100,D4*2.0,IF(D4<=200,D4*2.

5,IF(D4<=300,D4*3.0,D4*4.0)))
Formula Used For Tax

=E4*10%
Formula Used For Bill

= SUM(E4:F4)
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Salary Sheet
In the Previous Slide it is clear that Salary of Employee is Calculated. For this purpose 1st of all Enter Sample data in the Column Name, Basic Salary, Bonus and Total Sale. Apply the Formulas in the relevant Cells which are Written in the Next Slide
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Commission Criteria
Sale
IF Salary <= 500000 IF Salary <= 1000000 IF Salary > 1000000

Commission Rate
@ 1% of Sale @ 2% of Sale @ 3% of Sale

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Salary Sheet
Formula For Commission =IF(D5<=500000,D5*1%,IF(D5<=1000 000,D5*2%,IF(D5>1000000,D5*3%))) Formula For Tax
=E5*10%

Formula For Due Amount

=B5+C5+E5-F5
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Today
Today Function is used to Show the Current System Date in the Cell where the formula is used.

SYNTAX TODAY( ) Example

If the System Date is 19th of August 2006 then

=TODAY( )

Shows 08/19/2006
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Now
Now Function is used to Show the Current System Date & Time in the Cell where the formula is used.

SYNTAX NOW( ) Example

If the System Date is 19th of August 2006 and the time is 5:10 Pm then

=NOW( )

Shows 08/19/2006 5:02

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DAY
Returns the day of a date, represented by a serial number. The day is given as an integer ranging from 1 to 31. SYNTAX DAY(Date) Examples = DAY("4-Jan") equals 4 = DAY("15-Apr-1998") equals 15 = DAY("8/11/1998") equals 11 = DAY("2001/10/10") equals 10
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MONTH
Returns the month of a date represented by a serial number. The month is given as an integer, ranging from 1 (January) to 12 (December). SYNTAX MONTH(Date) Examples = MONTH("6-May") equals 5 = MONTH(35795) equals 12 = MONTH(35796) equals 1 = MONTH("2004/04/01") equals 4
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YEAR
Returns the year corresponding to a date. The year is returned as an integer in the range 1900-9999. SYNTAX YEAR(Date) Examples YEAR("7/5/1998") equals 1998 YEAR("2005/05/01") equals 2005
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HOUR
Returns the hour of a time value. The hour is given as an integer, ranging from 0 (12:00 A.M.) to 23 (11:00 P.M.). SYNTAX HOUR(Time) Example = HOUR("3:30:30 PM") Equals 15 = HOUR("3:30:30 AM") Equals 3
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MINUTE
Returns the minutes of a time value. The minute is given as an integer, ranging from 0 to 59. SYNTAX MINUTE(Time) Example = MINUTE("4:48:00 PM") Equals 48 = MINUTE(5:12:00 PM") Equals 12
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SECOND
Returns the seconds of a time value. The second is given as an integer in the range 0 (zero) to 59. SYNTAX SECOND(Time) Example = SECOND("4:48:18 PM") Equals 18 = SECOND(08:05:25 PM") Equals 25
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Currency Symbol
To insert Currency Symbol in the MSExcel click Icon or Icon Having Dollar Symbol ($) from the Format Tool Bar
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Merge & Center

Merge & Center is used to Merge more than One Cells in One Cell & also Center Align the Text. Click Icon from Format Tool Bar.
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