1

2010 FIFA SOCCER WORLD CUP

South Africa
a select bibliography

compiled by

Allegra Louw

African Studies Library University of Cape Town Libraries May 2010

2010 FIFA SOCCER WORLD CUP South Africa

INTRODUCTION

On 15 May 2004, South Africa won the bid to host the 2010 Soccer World Cup, becoming the first African nation to be chosen to host this event, after decades of sport isolation during apartheid. Kickoff will be on 11 June and the last match will be played on 11 July 2010. Thirty two teams are expected to participate in this tournament, which will be held in ten stadiums around South Africa: Soccer City in Johannesburg (95,000 seating capacity) Moses Mabhida in Durban (70,000) Cape Town Stadium in Green Point, Cape Town (68,000) Ellis Park in Johannesburg(62,000) Loftus Versfeld in Pretoria (50,000) Nelson Mandela Bay in Port Elizabeth (48,000) Free State in Bloemfontein (48,000) Peter Mokaba in Polokwane (46,000) Mbombela in Nelspruit (44,000) and Royal Bafokeng in Rustenburg (42,000)1 450,000 international visitors are expected, presenting South Africa with significant infrastructural challenges.2

Joe Latakgomo, Mzansi magic: struggle, betrayal and glory: the story of South African soccer (Cape Town: Tafelberg, 2010), 191. 2 Jere Longman, South Africa under microscope one year before World Cup. New York Times (28 June 2009): 1.
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3 However, South Africa has already successfully hosted the 1995 Rugby World Cup, the 2003 Cricket World Cup and the Womens World Cup of Golf in 2005 and 2006. The country also hosted a successful Confederations Cup in June 20093 as well as smaller events which have been held as test-runs at the various stadiums in the run-up to the big FIFA 2010 event. So South Africa has proven capability. Joe Latakgomo, a sports journalist, ascribes South Africas winning bid to the support of FIFA president, Sepp Blatter, and Lennart Johansson, the former president of the Union of European Football Associations. Johansson stated:
The time for Africa is now. This is the worlds biggest event and it will benefit the people of South Africa from every point of view- from tourism to retail spend, to the pride it will give your people as images of your country are beamed to more than 200 countries around the world.
4

Latakgomo also pays tribute to the role of Danny Jordaan, a former soccer player, politician, and community activist from the Eastern Cape, who is the Local Organising Committee Chief Executive Officer. As CEO of the South African Football Association, Danny Jordaan had pursued this bid since 1998, when South Africa was first invited to participate in the bid. South Africa lost its attempt to stage the 2006 Soccer World Cup to Germany. Why do both developed and developing countries aspire to host mega-events like the Soccer World Cup? Concerns have been expressed that a country like South Africa, with so much poverty and pressing developmental needs, should have other priorities rather than prestigious sporting events. 5 There are concerns about the astronomical costs incurred, the lack of accommodation and transport infrastructure, violent crime and the fear that the stadiums specially built for this event would become white elephants after the event.6

On goal for 2010, Economist 392, 8638 (7 April 2009): 46. Latakgomo, Mzansi magic: 178. 5 Robert Baade and Victor A. Matheson, The quest for the Cup: assessing the economic impact of the World Cup. Regional studies 38, 4 (June 2004): 343-354 6 Virginia Tilley, Scary economics of the mega event. [Online] Business Day, 8 August 2006 http://uamp.wits.ac.za/sebs/downloads/2006/http___www.businessday.co.za_printfriendly. pdf
3 4

4 Reasons given for hosting mega-events are:

To enhance South Africas global image. For example, the 2008 Beijing
Olympics helped enhance Chinas status as a global superpower, and also increased its appeal as a tourist destination.7 An improved global image gives tourism and economic development a significant boost.

To foster national identity and national cohesion. With the 1995

Rugby World Cup, former president Nelson Mandela aimed to unite the South African nation and foster national pride. With subsequent mega-events, the African National Congress hopes to build a cohesive national identity.8

To give impetus to economic development. One example is the 1972

Olympics in Munich which expedited the building of a subway system which continues to benefit the city to this day. Munich subway would normally have taken ten to fifteen years to build, but because of the Olympic deadline, it took five years to complete. In China, Terminal 3 at Beijing International Airport took four years to build, taking Beijing from below 30 of the top busiest airports to the top 8 in the world.9 Similarly, in South Africa, the Soccer World Cup will expedite the building and setting up of much-needed infrastructure such as the Bus-Rapid-Transport-System, currently being erected in Johannesburg and Cape Town.

As spurs to the addressing of major social problems. Hosting a major

event gives the country a strong incentive for addressing major social problems such as crime, human trafficking, poverty, urban decay. For example, South Africa started working on enhancing security as soon as the bid was secured in 2004.10 Citizens of Cape Town, to name one
Greg Pellegrino and Heather Hancock, A lasting legacy: how major sporting events can drive positive change for host communities and economies ([S.l.]: Deloitte, 2010), 6. 8 Norbert Kersting, Sport and national identity: a comparison of the 2006 and 2010 FIFA World Cups, Politikon: South African journal of political studies 34, 3 (December 2007): 277-293. 9 Pellegrino and Hancock, A lasting legacy: 6 10 Johan Burger, A golden goal for South Africa: security arrangements for the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup, SA Crime Quarterly 19 (March 2007): 1-6.
7

5 town, are noticing a higher degree of visible policing. Danny Jordaan has also been at pains to reassure the world that South Africa will be a safe destination for visitors.
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Whether South Africans will benefit economically or not, is open to serious debate. Scarlett Cornelissen, a sociologist at the University of Stellenbosch, states that
major commercial, corporate and political forces have come to be prevalent in the organization of the FIFA finals Pre-event preparation is marked by the involvement of large commercial actors that hold proprietorship over the centraland most lucrativeaspects of the tournament, such as its branding, promotion and mediatisation, and the dissemination of tickets. Driven in the main by neomercantilist impulses, and the ambitions of a global class for whom the commercial stakes are very high, the 2010 World Cup is highly unlikely to yield the gainsfor South African football and societythat are popularly expected from it.
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An understanding of the achievements of soccer in this country is incomplete without the perusal of its history. Therefore texts dealing with the history of South African soccer are included in this bibliography.

Allegra Louw May 2010

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Jordaan: Visitors will be safe. [Online] Sport 24, 5 April 2010. http://www.sport24.co.za/Content/Soccer/WorldCup/383/c9c44bd9b9914efc9224a887fe 0def9c/05-04-2010-07-46/Jordaan_Visitors_will_be_safe (Accessed 6 April 2010). 12 Scarlett Cornelissen, Football's tsars: proprietorship, corporatism and politics in the 2010 FIFA World Cup, Soccer & society 11, 1 / 2 (January 2010): 131-143.

BOOKS and CHAPTERS IN BOOKS

2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa: ke nako: celebrate Africas humanity: government preparations Pretoria: Government Communications and
Information System, 2008.

2010 Football World Cup: strategic plan for the Provincial Government of the Western Cape and the City of Cape Town. [Cape Town: Provincial
Government of the Western Cape?: City of Cape Town?], 2007.

2010 South Africa FIFA World Cup. [online resource]. [S.l.]: The Bergies,

2007. http://library.thinkquest.org/06aug/01687/ Abstract: This web site is one of over 7,000 student-created entries in the ThinkQuest Library. In particular, this site focuses on the sport of soccer in South Africa. It contains all one needs to know about the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa as well as the all the information one could need on South Africa. (Accessed 10 May 2010).

Abang, Walang Michael. African soccer stars and legends: Cote DIvoire. Cape Town: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Abang, Walang Michael. African soccer stars and legends: Ghana. Cape Town: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Abang, Walang Michael. African soccer stars and legends: Guinea. Cape Town: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Abang, Walang Michael. African soccer stars and legends: Kenya. Cape Town: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Abang, Walang Michael. African soccer stars and legends: Malawi. Cape Town: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Abang, Walang Michael. African soccer stars and legends: Nigeria. Cape Town: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

7 Abang, Walang Michael. African soccer stars and legends: Senegal. Cape Town: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Abang, Walang Michael. African soccer stars and legends: Uganda. Cape Town: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Abrahams, Farouk. Surviving African football: an autobiography. [South Africa]: Peter du Toit, 2003. Alegi, Peter. African soccerscapes: how a continent changed the world's game. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2010. Alegi, Peter C. Football and apartheid society: the South African Soccer League, 1960-66 in Football in Africa: conflict, conciliation and community; edited by G. Armstrong and R. Giulianotti. (London and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004: 114-134. Alegi, Peter C. Laduma!: soccer, politics and society in South Africa. Scottsville, South Africa: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2004. Alegi, Peter C. Moving the goalposts: playing styles, sociability, and politics in South African soccer in the 1960s. Boston, MA: African Studies Center, Boston University, 2000. Alegi, Peter C. Sport, race, and liberation: a preliminary study of Albert Luthulis sporting life in Sport and liberation in South Africa: reflections and suggestions; edited by C. Thomas. (Alice: University of Fort Hare Press, 2006): 66-82. Basupi, Michael. Coca-Cola promoting the 2010 SA soccer world cup through exhibition design. [South Africa: s.n.], 2006. Besong, Manyo Bernard. African soccer stars and legends: Algeria. Cape Town: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

8 Besong, Manyo Bernard. African soccer stars and legends: Angola. Cape Town: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Besong, Manyo Bernard. African soccer stars and legends: Democratic Republic of Congo. Cape Town: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Besong, Manyo Bernard. African soccer stars and legends: Egypt. Cape Town: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Besong, Manyo Bernard. African soccer stars and legends: Gabon. Cape Town: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Besong, Manyo Bernard. African soccer stars and legends: Mali. Cape Town: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Besong, Manyo Bernard. African soccer stars and legends: Morocco. Cape Town: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Besong, Manyo Bernard. African soccer stars and legends: Republic of the Congo. Cape Town: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Besong, Manyo Bernard. African soccer stars and legends: South Africa. Cape Town: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Besong, Manyo Bernard. African soccer stars and legends: South Africa. Cape Town: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Besong, Manyo Bernard. African soccer stars and legends: Zambia. Cape Town: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Blades, Jack, Susan Smuts-Steyn, and Jim Bailey. The rainbow game: a random history of South African soccer. Lanseria, South Africa: Bailey's African History Archives, 1998. Booth, Douglas. The race game: sport and politics in South Africa. Sport in the global society, [4]. London: F. Cass, 1998.

Cape Town and Western Cape accommodation and training sites hand book.
[Cape Town?]: City of Cape Town: FIFA World Cup, [2007?].

Chingamuka, Saenna. Changing societys cultural mindset in and through FIFA 2010 World Cup in Gender, media and sport; edited by Deborah Walter. (Johannesburg: Gender Links, 2009): 36-39. Chinika, Limpo Nicolette. Human trafficking a concern for Zambia in Gender, media and sport; edited by Deborah Walter. (Johannesburg: Gender Links, 2009): 89-94. City of Cape Town (South Africa). 2010 FIFA World Cup: Cape Town & the Western Cape business plan. [Cape Town: City of Cape Town, 2006]. City of Cape Town (South Africa). Host city transport operations plan. [Cape Town: City of Cape Town, 2009]. City of Cape Town (South Africa). Proposed: rezoning of a portion of Green

Point Common from public open space to community facilities use zone to permit the development of a multipurpose stadium & ancillary/incidental uses. Cape Town: City of Cape Town, 2006.

City of Cape Town (South Africa). Transport 2010: public transport: a legacy for the City of Cape Town. [Cape Town: City of Cape Town, 2009]. Coomber, Richard. Lucas: From Soweto to soccer superstar: the authorised biography. Ilkley: Great Northern, 2010. Darby, Paul. Africa, football, and FIFA: politics, colonialism, and resistance. Sport in the global society. London ; Portland, Oregon: Frank Cass, 2002. Echekiye, Fon. African soccer stars and legends: Cameroon. Cape Town: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Environmental impact assessment: background information document (BID) March 2006: 2010 World Cup proposed new Green Point Stadium. Cape
Town: The Environmental Partnership, 2006.

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Environmental Partnership (South Africa). Environmental impact assessment:

final environmental impact report: proposed re-development of Green Point Stadium and associated infrastructure. Cape Town: The
Environmental Partnership, 2006.

Environmental Partnership (South Africa: Firm). Proposed re-development of

the Green Point Stadium, urban park and associated infrastructure: summary of draft environmental impact report. Cape Town: The
Environmental Partnership, 2006.

Environmental Partnership (South Africa: Firm) Environmental impact

assessment final scoping report. 2010 World Cup: proposed redevelopment of Greenpoint Stadium and associated infrastructure.
Cape Town: Environmental Partnership, 2006.

EU, sport, law and policy: regulation, re-regulation and representation. The
Hague, The Netherlands: T.M.C. Asser Press, c2009.

Fjeld, Torgeir."Soccer rites. In Senses of culture: South African culture studies, edited by Sarah Nuttall and Cheryl-Ann Michael. Oxford:Oxford University Press, 2000: 393-430. Friedman, Graeme. Madiba's Boys: the stories of Lucas Radebe and Mark Fish. Claremont: New Africa Books, 2001.

The Green Point Common: have your say: park for the people. Cape Town,
South Africa: City of Cape Town, 2007.

Harris, Harry. Fans' guide to the World Cup 2010. Swindon: Green Umbrella, 2010. Jones, Richard. Rainbows for goalposts: searching for the heart of South African football. Studley: Know the Score!, 2010. Konig, Philip. Die Fussballweltmeisterschaft 2010: Chancen und Risiken fur das Austragungsland Sudafrika. Saarbrucken: VDM Verlag Dr. Muller, 2007.

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Koonyaditse, Oshebeng Alphie. The politics of South African football. Grant Park, South Africa: African Perspectives Publishing, 2010. Mushinge, Gloria. Media lacks content on World Cup 2010s economic potential in Gender, media and sport; edited by Deborah Walter. (Johannesburg: Gender Links, 2009): 65-68. Nkungula, Cedric. Opinion: campaign to challenge trafficking in Malawi in Gender, media and sport; edited by Deborah Walter. (Johannesburg: Gender Links, 2009): 95-96. Korr, Charles P., and Marvin Close. More than just a game: football v apartheid. London: Collins, 2008. Lapchick, Richard Edward. The politics of race and international sport: the case of South Africa. Studies in human rights, no. 1. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1975. Latakgomo, Joe. Mzansi magic: struggle, betrayal and glory: the story of South African soccer. Cape Town: Tafelberg, 2010. Abstract: "Mzansi Magic intercepts the ball at the first soccer game played between British soldiers stationed in South Africa in the late 1800s. Then it is dribbled through the decades all the way to the World Cup in 2010. The author, a veteran sports journalist, combines historical fact with personal experiences and striking anecdotes to bring the story and characters of South African soccer to life. His account also bears testimony to how the struggle against apartheid played out on the soccer field and in black soccer's fight for recognition by FIFA. It also elaborates on our unique styles of street soccer like diski and even includes a chapter on the use of muthi in the game. The book is aimed at local fans and tourists wanting to acquaint themselves with the soccer culture at the southern tip of Africa"--Bookseller's website. Lediga, Sello. Ndizani Bafana Bafana 1992-2003: the story of South Africa's senior national football team. Polokwane: S. Lediga, 2003.

12 Litchfield, Eric. Cape Town City. Cape Town: Howard Timmins, 1972. Mafika, Vatiswa. Woza 2010 qula mzantsi!: what the World Cup means for

the South African entrepreneur and /or small business owner, and it's impact on the socio economic development of the country .Kenilworth,
South Africa: Linamava Research & Information Consulting, 2004.

Madue, Stephens Mpedi. Is South Africa ready to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup? Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa, 2009. Marsden, Mike. Presentation to the Portfolio Committee on Sport and Recreation: funding of 2010 stadia [Cape Town]: Directorate: Service Delivery Integration, City of Cape Town, 2007. Mazwai, Thami, editor. Thirty years of South African soccer. Johannesburg: Mafube Publishing, 2003. Mbeki, Thabo. Programme of action: State of the Nation address. [Pretoria?: Government Communication and Information System?], 2006. Mbemb, Joseph-Achille. 2010 Soccer World Cup: where is the moral argument? [Online resource].

http://www.africultures.com/index.asp?menu=revue_affiche_article&no=5 757&rech=1 (Accessed 11 May 2010).

McKinley, Dale T. Transformation from above; the upside-down state of contemporary South African soccer in The race to transform: sport in post-apartheid South Africa; edited by Ashwin Desai. Cape Town: HSRC Press, 2010: 80-104. Mokone, Stephen, and J. W. Ryan. Kalamazoo ! the life and times of a soccer player: an autobiography. Pretoria: De Jager-Haum, 1980s. Nauright, John. Sport, cultures, and identities in South Africa. Sport and nation. London: Leicester University Press, 1997.

13 Roberts, Cheryl, and Denver Hendricks. Challenges facing South African sport. Cape Town, South Africa: Township Publishing Co-operative, 1990. Roberts, Cheryl. Don't deny my dreams: stories of black youth playing sport in apartheid South Africa. Cape Town: Township Publishing CoOperative, 1992. Roberts, Cheryl. Reconstruction of South African sport: from sports activism to post-apartheid policy planning and implementation. East London [South Africa]: National and Olympic Sports Congress, 1992. Roberts, Cheryl. Review of South African Sport. Vlaeberg, Cape Town, South Africa: Township Publishing Co-operative, 1993. Roberts, Cheryl. SACOS: 15 Years of sports resistance: charting the journey

of non-racial sport in South Africa: an analysis of the character, role and resistance efforts of the South African Council on Sport (SACOS). S.l: s.n.], 1988.

Roberts, Cheryl. South African soccer: a culture of its own. Cape Town: Township Publishing Co-operative, 1995. Roberts, Cheryl. South Africa's struggle for Olympic legitimacy: from apartheid sport to international recognition. Cape Town: Township Publishing Co-operative, 1991. Roberts, Cheryl. Sport and transformation: contemporary debates on South African sport. Cape Town: Township Publishing Co-operative, 1989. Roberts, Cheryl. Who's who, profiles of South African sport administrators. Cape Town: Township Publishing Co-operative, 1995. Rosenberg, Leonard, Rafs Mayet, Ishaan Blunden, and Veena Partab. Wellspring of hope: the legacy of a sports field. Durban: Durban University of Technology, 2007.

14 Sello, Sekola. Chiefs, 21 glorious years: the official history of SA's glamour football club. Johannesburg: Skotaville Publishers, 1991. Sinclair, John. History of the Southern Transvaal Football Association: from 1889 to 1932 and from 1933 to 1983. Johannesburg: S.T.F.A., 1983.

SkyMEDIA. Destination 2010. Cape Town: SkyMEDIA, 2008.

South Africa, and B. de V. Pickard. Report of the Pickard Commission of

Enquiry into the South African Football Association and the National Soccer League. Sandton?: The Commission?, 1997.

South Africa. Aviation strategy for FIFA World Cup 2010. [Pretoria]: Department of Transport, Aviation Sub-Sector Task Team, 2009. <http://www.transport.gov.za/siteimgs/Strategies/Aviation%20Strat egy%20for%20FIFA%20WC%202010.pdf>. South Africa. Government Communication and Information System. 2010 Communication Project Management Unit. 2010: Africa's time has come! South Africa is ready! [Pretoria: 2010 Communication Project Management Unit, Government Communication and Information System, 2007]. South Africa. Construction Industry Development Board Procure 2010:

manual to guide infrastructure development for the Soccer World Cup. [Pretoria?: Construction Industry Development Board?], 2006.

South Africa. Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (1994- ). 2010 Soccer World Cup tourism organising plan: executive summary. [Pretoria?]: Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism: South African Tourism, c2005. South Africa. Department of Transport. Transport plan for 2010: version

year 2006: action plan for ensuring operational success and establishing a legacy of improvement from the investment towards the 2010 FIFA World Cup. [Pretoria: Department of Transport, 2006].

15 South Africa, B. M. Ngoepe, and I. A. M. Semenya. Interim report:

Commission of Inquiry into the Ellis Park Stadium soccer disaster of 11 April 2001. South Africa: The Commission, 2001.

South Africa. State of the Public Service Report, 2009: The state of readiness of the Public Service for 2010 and beyond. Pretoria: Public Service Commission, 2009. South African Football Association. South African Football Association constitution and rules. [South Africa]: SAFA, 1992. Sport and Recreation South Africa. 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa: government mid-term report, 2004-2007. [Pretoria?]: Sport and Recreation South Africa, [2008?].

A sports portrait of Danny Jordaan: a South African footballer scoring for Africa. Cape Town: Havana Media; Cheryl Roberts, [2009?].
Steve Jaspan and Associates (South Africa). Greater Ellis Park precinct. [Johannesburg?]: Steve Jaspan and Associates: Johannesburg Development Agency, 2004. Strieman, Mercia. On the ball: getting to know you before 2010. Cape Town: M. Strieman, 2009. Abstract: "This unique book contains multifaceted and pertinent information on: FIFA, FIFA Confederations Cup, FIFA World Cup; South Africa - its land, people and culture; interesting facts, including flags and maps on 50 countries that have previously participated in FIFA football events; useful words in South African languages and in French, German, Italian and Spanish; conversion tables, contact numbers and numerous websites ..."--Back cover.

The Sun guide to the 2010 World Cup. London: HarperSport, 2010.
Thabe, George, Andries Lesitsi and Mothobi Mutloatse. It's a goal !: 50 years of sweat, tears, and drama in black soccer. Johannesburg: Skotaville Publishers, 1983.

16 Tomlinson, Alan, and Christopher Young. National identity and global sports

events: culture, politics, and spectacle in the Olympics and the Football World Cup. SUNY series on sport, culture, and social
relations. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2006.

Trader, Colin. History of the Port Elizabeth Football Association, 18962002. Port Elizabeth: Port Elizabeth Football Association, 2002. United States. United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on Africa, Global Human Rights, and International Operations. Modern day slavery: spotlight on the 2006

"Trafficking in Persons Report", Forced labor, and sex trafficking at the World Cup: briefing and hearing before the Subcommittee on

Africa, Global Human Rights, and International Operations of the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, Second Session, June 14, 2006. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2006. Van der Merwe, Justin. The branding game: the role of sport in South African foreign policy. Midrand, South Africa: Institute for Global Dialogue, 2006. Walter, Deborah. Gender and soccer 2010. Johannesburg: Gender Links, 2010. Zohn, Ethan, Rosenberg, David, and Braley, Shawn. South Africa: explore the world through soccer. Nomad Press, 2010.

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ARTICLES IN PERIODICALS AND NEWSPAPERS

2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup. South African business guidebook, Edition 11 (2006/2007): 12-14. 2010: SAFA's or FIFA's? Leadership 253 (October 2005): 30-32. The 2010 stadiums: leisure.Nafu Farmer (13 June 2008): 47.

2010 unlimited. Sandton [South Africa]: 3S Media, 2008- . Abstract: 2010 Unlimited, a crucial part of the National Communications Partnership,

showcases the progress being made towards the completion of all projects and activities associated with the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup. Published by 3S Media, this magazine aims to provide 2010 role players with an exclusive and effective tool for communicating information. 2010 Unlimited strives to project a positive message regarding South Africas ability to host a successful World Cup. Service providers can also use the magazine as a platform to market their products and services to national and international audiences in the build-up to the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup. Promotional information derived from the Publicity Update website: http://www.publicityupdate.co.za/default.aspx?IDStory=11887 (Accessed 11 May 2010).

2010 Soccer World Cup. - Cut price tickets for South African fans. African business. 339 (2008): 6. 2010 Soccer World Cup - South Africa passes first big test. African business 338 (2008): 4. 2010 Update. Supplement in the Sunday Times (14 June 2009): 1-19. Adams, Sheena, Soccer fans assured of safety in 2010. [Online resource] Independent Online, December 2006.
_id=1&click_id=79&sf (Accessed 3 May 2007) Abstract: The

http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?art_id=vn20061214081845761C677686&set

18 government has told soccer fans across the world that their safety in South Africa during the 2010 World Cup was guaranteed."We guarantee the safety and security of all the fans and teams that will be participating in the 2010 soccer event," Deputy Finance Minister Jabu Moleketi said on Wednesday. Alegi, Peter C. Africa, football and FIFA. Soccer & society 3, 1 (Spring 2002): 98-99. Abstract: Reviews the book 'Africa, football and FIFA: politics, colonialism and resistance,' by Paul Darby. Alegi, Peter C. Feel the pull in your soul: local agency and global trends in South Africa's 2006 World Cup bid. Soccer and society 2, 3 (2001): 1-21. Abstract: Analyzes South Africa's unsuccessful bid to host the 2006 FIFA World Cup football tournament. Description of the FIFA World Cup bidding procedure; policy and philosophy behind the bid campaign; impact of the tournament on the distribution of wealth in South Africa; position of the country in football's world marketplace. (Accessed 24 April 2009). Alegi, Peter C. A nation to be reckoned with: the politics of World Cup stadium construction in Cape Town and Durban, South Africa, African Studies 67, 3 (2008): 397-422. Abstract: The article discusses the construction of the World Cup stadiums in Cape Town and Durban. It also explores on the interconnection of different factors that influence the decision-making process of policy makers in South Africa. It also offers information based on media sources and documents from the South Africa's 2010 World Cup Local Organising Committee (LOC). It is cited that the political economy of world football, which is dominated by institutions, media and corporations, influences the processes of decision-making and policy-making in the local context. Alegi, Peter C. Katanga vs Johannesburg: a history of the first sub-Saharan African football championship, 1949-50. African historical review [formerly Kleio] 31 (1999): 55-74. Alegi, Peter C. Playing to the gallery: sport, cultural performance, and social identity in South Africa, 1920s- 1945. International journal of

19

African historical studies 35, 1 (2002): 17-38. Abstract: Examines

the transformation of football from a mission-school pastime for the educated Christian elite to a popular form of urban African leisure during the segregation era, 1920-1945. Sport and society in the segregation era; conditions of football grounds and social relations in the 1930s; prominence of football festivals in the panoply of urban leisure and entertainment; techniques, tactics and aesthetic styles of football. Alegi, Peter C. The political economy of mega-stadiums and the underdevelopment of grassroots football in South Africa. Politikon: South African journal of political studies 34, 3 (2007): 315-331. Abstract: As South Africa prepares to host the 2010 World Cup finals, public and scholarly discourses have largely overlooked the consequences of interactions between global sport, professional leagues, and grassroots football. Yet analysing this dynamic is important because it challenges bold claims made by the Fdration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) and South African boosters about the 2010 World Cup's capacity to deliver economic, political, and social benefits to the nation-state. Drawing on South African government and media sources, FIFA documents, as well as interviews and secondary literature, this article examines the policy decisions that inspired the construction of a lavish new stadium on Green Point Common in Cape Town and then considers the potential effects of this strategy on sports in poor communities. Preparations for 2010 reveal how South Africa's engagement with global capitalism is not mitigating apartheid's cruel legacies of racism, widespread material poverty, and extreme inequality. Instead, as Ebrahim argues, preliminary evidence suggests that current World Cup strategies are actually undermining the grassroots game. Alegi, Peter C. The football heritage complex: history, tourism and development in South Africa. Afrika spectrum 41, 3 (2006): 415-426. Alegi, Peter C. 'Like cows driven to a dip': the 2001 Ellis Park Stadium disaster in South Africa. Soccer & Society 5, 2 (Summer2004): 233247. Abstract: On 11 April 2001, 43 people died and 158 were injured at a Kaizer Chiefs vs. Orlando Pirates match at Ellis Park stadium in

20 Johannesburg: South Africa's worst-ever sport disaster. This study analyses the causes, consequences and legacy of the tragedy. It reveals that organizational flaws, contempt for spectator safety, and incompetence and dereliction of duty on the part of security personnel were primary causes for the tragedy. A careful examination of the governmental commission of inquiry into the disaster notes the limitations of the investigative process and raises questions about the official interpretation of the events. While South African football's main powerbrokers emerged unscathed from the public probe, the victims of Ellis Park have lapsed from national memory. The study concludes that South African soccer has failed to learn lessons from the past in relation to spectator safety. Attwood, Vivian. Human traffickers aim to exploit 2010. [Online resource] Independent Online, 19 February 2009.
210333C792118. Abstract: South Africa is being eyed by human

http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=vn20090219110

traffickers, who plan to increase their importation of victims to cater for the sexual appetites of visitors to the 2010 World Cup, human rights workers stressed at a human trafficking workshop in Durban on Wednesday. The event was steered by the Gender Aids Forum and the International Organisation for Migration (IOM). (Accessed 28 April 2009). Baade, Robert and Victor A. Matheson. The quest for the Cup: assessing the economic impact of the World Cup. Regional studies 38, 4 (June 2004): 343-354.Abstract: Hosting the World Cup, the world's second largest sporting event, is a potentially expensive affair. The co-hosts of the 2002 games, Japan and South Korea, spent a combined US$4 billion building new facilities or refurbishing old facilities in preparation for the event. An ex post analysis of the 1994 World Cup held in the US suggests that the economic impact of the event cannot justify this magnitude of expenditures and that host cities experienced cumulative losses of $5.5 to $9.3 billion as opposed to ex ante estimates of a $4 billion gain touted by event boosters. Potential hosts should consider with care whether the award of the World Cup is an honour or a burden.

21 Baller, Susann. "Transforming urban landscapes: soccer fields as sites of urban sociability in the agglomeration of Dakar. African identities 5, 2 (2007): 217-230. Abstract: Vacant spaces in urban landscapes are not so much 'empty' places reserved for future constructions, but rather provide arenas for social and cultural practices which transform the vacant plots into sites with multiple functions and meaning. The example of neighbourhood youth clubs in the agglomeration of Pikine/Gudiawaye, a fast growing suburban area of Dakar (Senegal), demonstrates how young people use the ever decreasing number of 'empty' spaces in the city for various purposes and in particular as soccer fields. These soccer fields serve as platforms for the construction of urban identities, conflicts and sociability where dreams and desires of urban youth are reflected. The practice of using a field can have spatial, social, and imaginative implications. The erection of simple goalposts or the construction of a whole stadium both change the spatial dimensions of the urban environment and influence the practices performed on a specific site. What is more, by using symbols and signs, the social and cultural practices of young people go even beyond the spatial limits of a site and produce not only visible, but also invisible urban landscapes. Bell, Felicity-Ann. Philippi Stadium: Western Cape. Imiesa 33, 5 (May 2008): 48-49. Bird, Ruth and Ronnie Donaldson. Sex, sun, soccer: stakeholder-opinions on the sex industry in Cape Town in anticipation of the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup. Urban Forum 20, 1 (2009): 33-46. Abstract: Sex workers, sex tourism, and their management during the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup is a controversial topic under much discussion in the media and there is a need for an academic debate on the issue. How city managers, tourism marketing organizations, the general public, and law enforcers will manage and deal with such an influx poses numerous practical and moral dilemmas, especially in the face of the growing tourism industry. In the paper, the opinions of various role-players in the tourism sector on the planning and management of sex work space in the City of Cape Town are investigated. Key aspects debated are decriminalization/legalization,

22 prospects for a healthy city, spatial planning for sex spaces, and policing them. Black, David R. and Janis Van Der Westhuizen. The allure of global games for 'semi-peripheral' polities and spaces: a research agenda. Third world quarterly 25, 7, Going global: the promises and pitfalls of hosting global games (2004): 1195-1214. Abstract: Exploring the increasing propensity of 'semi-peripheral' polities and spaces to host major games as a pivotal strategic response to the exigencies of globalisation, it is contended that pursuing such events is intimately connected to the perceived expansion of 'marketing power' on the one hand, and to the legitimisation and celebration of conceptions of national identity and political orders, on the other. Given that various contingencies bear upon these sought- after outcomes, this analytical framework underscores the significance of questions about global inequality, power and identity to explain the apparent allure of global games. Hence, to determine whether major games deliver the kind of benefits proclaimed by proponents, requires asking questions about (1) identity building and signalling; (2) development and (3) political liberalisation and human rights. Black, David R. "The symbolic politics of sport mega-events: 2010 in comparative perspective. Politikon. 34, 3 (2007): 261-276. Abstract: For ambitious civic and national boosts sport mega-events provide unique opportunities for the pursuit of symbolic politics - a chance to signal important changes of direction, reframe dominant narratives about the host, and/or reinforce key messages of change. These signals or narratives are critical vehicles of legitimation, with both narrowly instrumental objectives and more expansive purposes related to the mobilisation of societal support for certain dominant 'ideas of the state'. This paper explores the realm of symbolic politics through a comparative analysis of three disparate megaevent hosts which will take the world stage in 2010: South Africa (the FIFA World Cup), Delhi/India (the Commonwealth Games), and Vancouver/Canada (the Winter Olympics). The paper argues that despite important differences in the circumstances of these hosts and the events they are to mount, there are some key commonalities in the narratives they seek to deploy and the subtexts they embody.

23 These commonalities revolve around a paradoxical blending of inclusive, transcendent, or cosmopolitan narratives on the one hand, and competitive, differentiating narratives of 'world class' aspirations and achievements, on the other. Strikingly then, these widely dispersed events have become vehicles for similar messages with potentially contradictory implications. Blue, Adrianne. The race for the cup. New Statesman 136, 4829 (29 January 2007). Abstract: The article examines issues surrounding the hosting of the 2010 soccer World Cup by South Africa. Given South Africa's significant social problems, including unemployment, poverty and high rates of violent crime, the author speculates as to whether the country should spend large sums of money to host the tournament. The article discusses the racial divide between rugby and soccer. Bob, Urmilla and Kamilla Swart. Resident perceptions of the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup stadia development in Cape Town. Urban Forum 20, 1 (2009): 47-59. Abstract: Abstract: The 2010 Federation Internationale de Football (FIFA) World Cup to be hosted in South Africa is expected to provide an opportunity to further the countrys objectives of using sporting events to signal international recognition and promote socio-economic development. Studies on sport tourism events tend to focus on economic impacts and neglect social issues (Ritchie and Adair 2004). In particular, residents perceptions are overlooked although they are often directly impacted by sport events, especially when they reside in close proximity to the event location. The 2010 FIFA World Cup is heralded as a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity with significant legacy benefits for South Africans. However, generally, the actual voices of local residents are absent in relation to debates pertaining to this event and concomitant anticipated benefits (Swart and Bob 2007). One hundred residents in each location were interviewed. The focus of the study was to examine the perceptions of the residents towards the proposed stadia development and potential impacts of the 2010 World Cup. The findings reveal that there is considerable support and positive perceptions relating to South Africas hosting of the 2010 World Cup. However, there were several concerns raised

24 in relation to the distribution of anticipated benefits and the impacts of the stadia on their lives. Bohlmann, Heinrich R and Jan H. Van Heerden. Predicting the economic impact of the 2010 FIFA World Cup on South Africa. International Journal of sport management and marketing 3, 4 (2008): 383-396. Abstract: The impact of the sporting industry on economic decision making has increased dramatically since the global media explosion in the 1980s. Tourism and advertising revenues generated by megaevents such as World Cups or Olympic Games have become a major boost to the economies of hosting nations. In addition, globalisation has placed great emphasis on the importance of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), especially to developing countries. This paper seeks to examine the impact of the 2010 FIFA World Cup on the South African economy. Using a 32-sector Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model, the various shocks on the economy, such as infrastructure developments, increased tourism and financing implications, are modelled. Results are shown and carefully explained within the context of the model. It is found that in the short term, there would only be a favourable outcome in the economy should financing be shared between higher present taxes and revenue generated from future economic growth and private investment. Bolsmann, Chris. Mexico 1968 and South Africa 2010: Sombreros and vuvuzelas and the legitimisation of global sporting events. Bulletin of Latin American Research Supplement 1, 29 (March 2010): 93-106. Abstract: The article compares the hosting by Mexico of the 1968 Summer Olympics and by South Africa of the 2010 World Cup Soccer tournament. In both cases, the respective governing bodies--the International Olympic Committee and the Fdration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)--are seen to have taken a chance on entrusting a developing country with hosting a large international sports event. The experience of both countries in marketing the benefits of the games at home, and projecting an image of economic and political development abroad, are discussed. Bolsmann, Chris and Andrew Parker. Soccer, South Africa and celebrity status: Mark Fish, popular culture and the post apartheid state.

25

Soccer & society 8, 1 (March 2007): 109-124. Abstract: The rise of

celebrity culture is a theme that has attracted a significant amount of attention within both mainstream sociology and cultural studies in more recent times. Ensuing debate has identified contemporary sports figures as an important facet of the celebrity media nexus and as possible signifiers of cultural change. In this paper we take one particular sports celebrity, South African soccer star Mark Fish, and evaluate his image in relation to debates surrounding sport, politics and the post-apartheid state. We argue that because Fish appears to enjoy all the benefits of celebrity status (within his home country at least), an analysis of his career and identity provide a useful means by which to think about the changing political and nationalistic values within South African society. Burger, Johan. A golden goal for South Africa: security arrangements for the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup. SA Crime Quarterly 19 (March 2007): 1-6. Abstract: The 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup has been a major talking point both locally and internationally, and many concerns have been raised over South Africa's ability to host such a major event. These concerns essentially relate to infrastructural capacity and security. It goes without saying that South Africa is obliged to provide high level security for participating teams and management as well as for the thousands of spectators who are expected to flood South Africa for the duration of the event. This article takes a look at other high level events that have been hosted in South Africa so as to get an idea of what is required and examines planned security arrangements for the 2010 World Cup. Burger, Johan. Securing the FIFA Soccer World Cup 2010 in South Africa. Discourse 34, 2 (2006): 40-46. Campling, Raymond and Steven O'Sullivan. Improving the track record: projects. IMIESA 32, 10 (October 2007): 75-77, 79. Abstract: In 2005, Spoornet (now known as Transnet Freight Rail) lost R21-million because of an ageing train fleet and a general lack of customer orientation. An urgent recovery plan needed to be put in place. With the approach of the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup there has been an inevitable increase in trade, in both exports and imports. Prior to the

26 beginning of 2006, South Africa's railway operator, the then Spoornet, was severely underperforming thus placing massive strain on road networks and the trucking industry. Coetzer, Diane.The cup that cheers ? Billboard 122, 3 (23 January 2010): Abstract: The article discusses plans by the Music Industry Forum of South Africa to organize a series of concerts around the South African World Cup soccer tournament, scheduled for June through July 2010. Although the South African government had indicated it would provide funding for concerts of all varieties of South African music, concerns that it may not be enough have arisen, prompting speculation about a possible need for corporate sponsorship. Coetzer, Diane. Ready to score. Billboard 120, 18 (3 May 2008): 40. Abstract: The article discusses the role music will play in the 2010 Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup in South Africa. Sony Corp. has signed an agreement with FIFA, giving the company a range of rights to World Cup events, including the right to produce the official song of the tournament. The plans of Channel O, the African satellite music channel, to provide pre-match, halftime and post game entertainment are detailed. Coetzer, P.W. Misdaad - persepsie of realiteit? President Thabo Mbeki en sy hantering van misdaad in 2006. Journal for contemporary history 32, 2 (December 2007): 19-38 Abstract: This article focuses on the important crime issue in South Africa in 2006 and the handling of this problem by the President, Thabo Mbeki. It reflects on his personal abilities and the way he handled crime in collaboration with his Head of Police, Jackie Selebi, and his Minister of Safety and Security, Charles Nqakula. His main speeches on this issue, his reaction on his critics and opposition parties, crime statistics and the crux of this problem are highlighted. The handling of crime is of utmost importance in the evaluation of Mbeki as Head of State, and also in view of the coming World Cup Soccer Tournament in 2010. It is also imperative for the coming ANC presidential election in December 2007 and the SA general election of 2009.

27 Commey, Pusch. 2010 Africa's date with destiny. New African 473 (May 2008): 88-90. Abstract: An interview with Sarfo Abebrese, lawyer president of (Cosua), is presented. When asked about the assessment of their mission, he refers to the achievements in their aim in the countries they have covered for their campaign. Cosua aims to provide unified support for the six African nations who will represent the continent at the 2010 Fifa World Cup in South Africa. He states that through sports they it can unite all people of African descent. Conlin, Jennifer. In transit: Cape Town wants visitors to feel safe. New York Times; 5 June 2007. Abstract: Some three million visitors are expected in Cape Town and the Western Cape in 2010, when Cape Town will be one of nine host cities in South Africa for the soccer World Cup. In anticipation of this influx, Cape Town Tourism (www.tourismcapetownco.za), in partnership with other city organizations, has implemented a safety plan it hopes will create a more secure environment -- though it seems in some ways to be less about prevention than helping the latest victims. ''Safety is reported as the single biggest deterrent for visitors,'' said Mariette duToitHelmbold, general manager of Cape Town Tourism. Cornelissen, Scarlett and Kamilla Swart. The 2010 Football World Cup as a political construct: the challenge of making good on an African promise. Sociological review 54, Supplement 2 (2006): 108-123. Cornelissen, Scarlett. Crafting legacies: the changing political economy of global sport and the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Politikon: South African journal of political studies 34, 3 (December 2007): 241-259. Abstract: This special issue focuses on the political contours of the 2010 FIFA World Cup and explores some of the possible legacies that are likely to be left in the wake of the tournament. As crucial processes of planning and policy-making gain momentum, a number of prominent features start to appear and provide some indication of likely longer-term outflows from the event. These include the manner in which infrastructural preparations toward the event are based around the development of key mega-projects which, while aimed at providing an underpinning to the hosting of the event, are

28 also leaving significant imprints on urban spatial planning and budgeting; the extent to which central economic sectors are targeted in the assignment of resources, but also how specific economic actors (construction firms, etc.) are absorbing much of the invested public capital; and finally, the ways in which broader statebuilding processes tend to be tied to the perceived agenda and requirements of the upcoming event. The special issue therefore addresses some of the major political questions that arise from the emergent patterns of capital expenditure, sectoral developments, and social-cultural processes prompted by the event. Cornelissen, Scarlett Football's tsars: proprietorship, corporatism and politics in the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Soccer & society 11, 1 / 2 (January 2010): 131-143. Abstract: This essay explores the political economy of the 2010 World Cup as it is defined by the major commercial, corporate and political forces that have come to be prevalent in the organization of the FIFA finals. It examines the interchange between international and domestic processes of sport corporatization, commercialization and general trends of sport politics, and the resultant current features of tournament preparation. It contends that the wider political economy of global sport will exercise a modulating and a potentially restraining influence on many of the objectives set by South African authorities. Pre-event preparation is marked by the involvement of large commercial actors that hold proprietorship over the central and most lucrative - aspects of the tournament, such as its branding, promotion and mediatisation, and the dissemination of tickets. Driven in the main by neomercantilist impulses, and the ambitions of a global class for whom the commercial stakes are very high, the 2010 World Cup is highly unlikely to yield the gains - for South African football and society - that are popularly expected from it. Cornelissen, Scarlett. 'It's Africa's turn!' The narratives and legitimations surrounding the Moroccan and South African bids for the 2006 and 2010 FIFA finals. Third World Quarterly 25, 7 (October 2004): 1293-1309. Abstract: African countries are increasingly engaging in bidding wars to host sport mega-events. To date, however, not much analysis has been done of African countries' involvement in the

29 growing global mega-events enterprise. Little is also known of the broader political character and consequences of events and bid campaigns in the international system. This article investigates these aspects through a comparative analysis of the bid processes of South Africa and Morocco for the 2006 and 2010 Soccer World Cup. It explores the internal (domestic) and external (international) elements of their legitimating narratives and promotional rhetoric and how these played out in their international relations. Both countries made extensive use of an ideological and emotive posturing of 'Africa'. Against the background of the generally tenuous position the continent occupies in the wider international system, and of its overwhelmingly negative representation, the two countries' replication of neocolonial ties and use of postcolonial rhetoric both aided and hampered their bid campaigns. Overall, competitions to host mega-events occur on an unequal basis which, for African countries, is worsened by very unfavourable positioning in the international arena. Cornelissen, Scarlett. "Scripting the nation: sport, mega-events, foreign policy and state-building in post-apartheid South Africa. Sport in society 11, 4 (July 2008): 481-493. Abstract: Arising from the growing commercial and broader importance of sport, politics around the hosting and bidding for major sport events have become key elements of state engagements in the contemporary era. This essay explores the role of sport mega-events in the processes of foreign policy-making and state-building in post-apartheid South Africa. A key argument is that such events have become an important instrument in the development of foreign policy and domestic goals for the country. Two particular strategies are evident: that of dualling, referring to the twofold use of events toward the achievement of national and international objectives; and that of linking internal and external policy targets, as a means of raising the effectiveness with which goals are pursued. As the country prepares to host the prestigious FIFA world football finals in 2010, some lessons may be taken for the foreseen and undesired corollaries such strategies may pose for the country.

30 Cornelissen, Scarlett. "Sport mega-events in Africa: processes, impacts and prospects. Tourism and hospitality: planning & development. 1, 1 (2004): 39-55. Cornelissen, Scarlett and Eirik Solberg. Sport mobility and circuits of power: the dynamics of football migration in Africa and the 2010 World Cup. Politikon: South African journal of political studies 34, 3 (December 2007): 295-314. Abstract: As a result of factors of globalisation and enhanced commercialisation, the migration of football professionals has become a very important facet of world football. West European leagues, where processes of commercialisation have been most robust in recent years, constitute the epicentre of international football migration, with these leagues attracting most of the world's athletic talent. Africa is a primary source for football flows to Western Europe, an aspect which is mostly viewed as exploitative and an extension of neo-imperialist relations between the continent and its former colonial powers. Over the past decade, however, South Africa has emerged as an important alternative destination for many of Africa's departing footballers. This article focuses on the nature and implications of this phenomenon. It explores the ways in which emergent tendencies of Africa to South Africa football movement correspond with or refract from Africa to Europe migration in terms of its underlying dynamics, and considers what possible effects South Africa's hosting of the 2010 Football Cup could have on an incipient form of sport mobility on the continent.

The cup: South Africas leading sports guide. Cape Town: TAU Sports Media
& Media. Variant subtitle: 2006-2010 World Cup Soccer magazine. Began in 2005 ?

Dalai Lama is barred from peace conference. Wall Street Journal - Eastern Edition 253, 68 (24 March 2009): A11. Abstract: The article reports on the decision of South Africa to bar the Dalai Lama from a peace conference in Johannesburg to be held on March 27, 2009. The move is said to be aimed at keeping good relations with South Africa's trading partner China. The peace conference will highlight the first World Cup for soccer to be held in Africa. Nobel Peace

31 prize winners retired Cape Town Archbishop Desmond Tutu and former president F. W. de Klerk are boycotting the conference. Darby, Paul. Africa, the FIFA Presidency, and the governance of world football: 1974,1998,and 2002. Africa today 50, 1 (Spring/Summer2003): 3-24. Abstract: Since the independence movements of the late 1950s and 1960s, most African nations have remained firmly rooted at the base of the world economic and political order; however, in global sports, Africa has made its presence felt, and it is perhaps in international football that the continent's sports stars have made their biggest impact. The World Cup, the Olympic football tournament, and FIFA's underage competitions have been enriched by the presence of African nations. African performances at these competitions show that Africa's most vibrant football nations have emerged as credible challengers to the traditional preeminence of South America and Europe. These performances on the field of play have been matched by the advance and improving profile of Africa within the governance of the world game. Nowhere has this profile been more manifest than in the central role that Africa has played in determining who holds the most powerful position in world football, the FIFA presidency. This article adopts a qualitative methodology involving in-depth interviews, primary archival material, and secondary sources to assess Africa's status as the key electoral constituency in the struggles for the FIFA presidency in 1974, 1998, and 2002. The analyses here examine the ways in which those seeking the FIFA presidency have sought to present themselves as advocates of African football and explore the implications that this attitude has had for the development of the game in Africa. Darby, Paul. Football, colonial doctrine and indigenous resistance: mapping the political persona of FIFA's African constituency. Culture, sport, society 3, 1 (Spring 2000): 61-88. Abstract: Examines the diffusion and early development of football on the African continent. Relation between football diffusion and the spread of colonial doctrine in Africa; Football as a form of protest and resistance against European colonialism in Africa; Role of the F d ration Internationale de Football Association in mediating football's growth in Africa.

32

Darkey, Dan and Andre Horn. Homing in(n) on the economic benefits of 2010 FIFA World Cup: opportunities for and misgivings of bed-andbreakfast operators in Gauteng, South Africa. Urban Forum 20, 1 (March 2009): 77-91. Abstract: This study examines the perceived potential benefits of the 2010 Fdration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup Football Tournament for bed-andbreakfast (B&B) establishmentsan integral part of the tourism accommodation sector in South Africa. From responses to a questionnaire sent to a sample of B&B proprietors in Gauteng, the major centre for the tournament, it is clear that they have serious reservations. The basis for their misgivings appears to be the manner in which FIFA has managed accommodationprovision agreements and the role played by South African government agencies, the Local Organising Committee and the tourism sector. Dlamini, D. The business of 2010 World Cup: features. Enterprise 204 (November 2005): 42-43. Dlamini, D. 2010 business: a unique time: features. Enterprise 206 (February 2006): 44-45. Dlamini, D. Studying Germany 2006: feature. Enterprise 211 (July 2006): 40-41. Dlamini, Ndaba. Article on the South Africa Government Online 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa webpage [Online resource]. http://www.sa2010.gov.za/en/node/2451. It has been a long and winding road to the 2010 World Cup, says Irvin Khoza, with the idea first discussed in 1994. It was a long, tough road but soon Africa will host its first World Cup. The journey to the 2010 FIFA World Cup has been one long road filled with great expectations, heart-rending disappointments, and unprecedented joy not only for those people involved in bidding for the football tournament, but for South Africans at large. Addressing about 400 people who had gathered at a City Press Soccer Forum at the Linder Auditorium at the University of the Witwatersrand's Education Campus on Thursday, 30 July, the chairman of the 2010 FIFA World Cup Local Organising

33 Committee South Africa (OC), Irvin Khoza, spoke about South Africa's efforts to host the World Cup, a dream that started way back in 1994. At the time FIFA changed the staging of the World Cup and voted for the US to host it in 1994 - its hosting had been see-sawing between Europe and South America since 1930. The seed was planted by the then South African Football Association (Safa) president Stix Morewa who, after returning from the 1994 World Cup, expressed South Africa's interest in hosting the World Cup in 2006 by writing to FIFA. (Accessed 9 April 2010). Donaldson, Ronnie and Sanette Ferreira. (Re-)creating urban destination image: opinions of foreign visitors to South Africa on safety and security? Urban Forum 20, 1 (March 2009): 1-18, 2 charts, 6 graphs. Abstract: The intention of tourists to visit urban destinations is influenced by their perceptions or their knowledge of that destination. Risk perceptions, although situation specific, have an impact on travel behaviour. Mega events are once-off occasions in which a negative perception of destination, in this case related to crime, can be turned into a positive image. Can the 2010 Fdration Internationale de Football Association World Cup (WC) help South Africa undo the current perceptions and opinions, especially among foreign visitors, that our cities are dangerous places to visit? Can South Africa manage the 2010 WC in such a way that the destination image can be changed to a more positive one? It is within the context of speculating about the potential impacts the event may have in 2010 on reshaping internationally (and nationally) the safety and security image that visitors have of South African cities as crime ridden that this paper aims mainly to investigate international visitors perceptions and opinions on safety and security. Nine hundred and seven international visitors were interviewed when exiting the country at the OR Tambo and Cape Town International airports. The findings revealed that more than a third of the respondents indicated that they were worried about their safety before travelling to South Africa, that the central business districts of Cape Town and Johannesburg are the most feared places they visited and 6% of the respondents were victims of crime. Perceptions, however, changed for the better after their visit to the country, and it is against this background that the 2010 WC can potentially show the world that the

34 country is a safe destination to visit and in the process re-create the destinations image as a safe tourist experience. Edwards, Piers. A tough challenge. New African 491 (January 2010): 50-52. Abstract: The article offers information on the six African teams that will participate in the 2010 World Cup soccer tournament to be held in Cape Town, South Africa. It mentions that the teams consist of South Africa, Algeria, Ghana, Cameroon, Ivory Coast and Algeria. It provides an analysis on each team's strengths and weaknesses as well as its profile. Egbuna, B. and I.N. Moutlana. Africa's time has come - what the World Cup means for Africa. Part 1: leaders voice; building new understandings. Part I: inside the business schools. Professional management review 18, 9 (2007): 24. Egbuna, B. Africa's time has come - what the World Cup means for Africa. Part II: leader's voice. Professional management review (January 2008): 29. Eliseev, Alex, Safety is paramount for 2010, says top cop. [Online resource] Independent Online, 28 March 2007.

http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=6&click_id=2871&art_id=vn20070328 004004229C200860. Abstract: The mysterious murder of Pakistan

coach Bob Woolmer at the Cricket World Cup has raised concerns about security arrangements for the 2010 Fifa World Cup. But Deputy Police Commissioner Andre Pruis, the man in charge of World Cup security, is confident that with all the partnerships being built, safety during 2010 is guaranteed. (Accessed 2 April 2007). Eze, Mercy. 2010 WORLD CUP South Africa is on the ball. New African 466 (October 2007): 65-66. Abstract: An interview with Danny Jordaan, the chief executive officer of the 2010 Federation Internationale de Football Association (Fifa) World Cup Organising Committee, is presented. He discussed the qualifications of South Africa in hosting the event. He also believed that the South African government will provide a strong backing with regards to security.

35 Fraser, N. Putting the public back into public transport; The missing link; Planning a legacy beyond 2010; The 2010 World Cup and infrastructure provision: 2010. Imiesa 31, 6 (June 2006): 24-25, 2729, 31, 33, 34-35, 37. Free tickets to 2010!! Ubisi mail 4, 2 (June 2008): 47. Futterman, Matthew. It's still easy to score World Cup tickets. Wall Street Journal - Eastern Edition 253, 136 (12 June 2009): W5. Abstract: The article reports on the decline of ticket sales for the 2010 Fdration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup in South Africa. As of June 2009, only 630,021 tickets have been sold, with almost half of the tickets submitted by South Africans. With about 3 million tickets available, Italians bought 6,063 tickets and Brazilians bought 5,777. Ghedini, Fred. Os Bafana Bafana: querem o mundo. [Interview with Colin Darch]. Article in: Revista do Brasil (January 2007): 34-37. Goliger, Adam M. South African sports stadia from the perspective of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Bautechnik 82, 3 (March 2005): 174178. Group drops Greenpoint stadium case. [Online resource] Independent Online, 17 April 2007.

http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=79&art_id=nw2007041712 5224186C461678. Abstract: The Cape Town Environmental Protection

Association (CEPA) is to drop its court case seeking to stop the demolition of the Green Point Stadium, SABC radio news reported on Tuesday. (Accessed 17 April 2007).

Hammer, Joshua. Inside Cape Town. Smithsonian 39, 1 (April 2008): 56-66. Abstract: The article describes the economic and social situation of Cape Town, South Africa in 2008, highlighting its tourist industry and the continuing gap between white and black residents. The African National Congress (ANC) of former South African President Nelson Mandela officially ended apartheid in 1994, but Cape Town is still in the process of integrating black individuals into its society.

36 Preparations for the 2010 World Cup in Cape Town are discussed. A history of Cape Town since 1795, when the British seized the area, is provided. Apartheid was introduced by Afrikaner Daniel Franois Malan. The economic rise of black and colored citizens is noted. The ANC and the Democratic Alliance political parties debate how to help those living in black townships like Guguletu. Harvey, K. Business of the games. Enterprise 189 July 2004): 42-43. Havenga, Richard. Brian Bruce: looking hard at 2010 and the Middle East: meet the CEO. Management Today 24, 2 (March 2008): 62-63. Abstract: The construction industry is under serious pressure at the moment. It needs to meet its commitments for the Soccer World Cup in 2010 and it also needs to meet its commitments to maintain and expand the country's infrastructure to meet future demand. Hill, Lloyd. Football as code: the social diffusion of 'soccer' in South Africa. Soccer & Society 11, 1/2 (January 2010):12-28. Abstract: This essay explores the processes associated with the emergence of rugby and soccer as distinct 'sporting codes' in South Africa. Beginning with an elaboration of the concept of 'sporting code', the author traces in broad brush strokes the events that transformed the two English codes into new forms of cultural capital in transnational sporting fields. Set against this wider context, the focus then shifts to the 'social diffusion' of rugby and soccer in the territories that would subsequently constitute the South African state. It is argued that between 1859 and the discovery of gold in 1886 rugby and soccer emerged in two relatively distinct fields, centred on the British Cape and Natal colonies. The essay then explores the stratification of these fields, following the establishment of the Union of South Africa in 1910. Particular attention is given to the relative status of rugby and soccer in the colonial education systems and in the post-1910 national education system. Horn, Andr. And Gregory Breetzke. Informing a crime strategy for the FIFA 2010 World Cup: a case study for the Loftus Versfeld Stadium in Tshwane, South Africa. Urban Forum 20, 1 (March 2009): 19-32.

37 Abstract: Of primary concern to the Local Organising Committee (LOC), and other associated 2010 FIFA World Cup partners, is the safety and security of local and international tourists attending 2010 FIFA World Cup football games in South Africa. For this purpose, place-specific stadium precinct plans are proposed per identified concentric zone around each stadium. But what is the theoretical and informational base of this strategy? Moreover, can this strategy be sustained after the tournament or utilised in future sporting events at these stadiums? In this paper the authors argue that such a safety and security strategy should be informed by a comprehensive localised theory on crime and crime management in the country. Three important crime-related issues are investigated in this paper that we believe should form the backbone of such a strategy and associated theory: the location and propensity of crime, the location of offenders in the city, and the perceptions of local residents and users. The authors demonstrate the compilation of such an information triad with reference to the Loftus Versfeld stadium in Tshwane. How will sustainability and 2010 affect South Africa: manual to guide infrastructure development for the Soccer World Cup: government and parastatals. IMIESA: Yearbook (2007): 49. Jaros, M. and T. Ter Haar. Foundations for the roof support arch to Durban's 2010 World Cup stadium. Civil engineering 16, 4, (April 2008): 16-18. Jordaan: Visitors will be safe. [Online resource] Sport 24, 5 April 2010

http://www.sport24.co.za/Content/Soccer/WorldCup/383/c9c44bd9b9914e fc9224a887fe0def9c/05-04-2010-07-46/Jordaan_Visitors_will_be_safe.

Abstract: The Soccer World Cup's Local Organising Committee Chief Executive Officer, Danny Jordaan, tells Football365.co.za that the positives outweigh the negatives ahead of the FIFA showpiece. With just over two months to go, the former SAFA CEO says he rarely gets asked questions relating to crime despite South Africa's reputation as one of the most violent countries in the world. But Jordaan says the LOC's efforts together with those of government have allayed fears ahead of the world's biggest sporting event. "No, we don't get asked

38 about the crime anymore," said Jordaan. "In fact, I was with the President (Jacob Zuma) in the United Kingdom recently and we had the best press conference there."They never even raised the question relating to crime. The only questions they asked me were the issues of transport and of the readiness of our stadia."Police minister Nathi Mthethwa has said 41 000 additional police officers have been recruited to ensure the safety of everyone during the World Cup and estimations suggest R2.4bn has been spent on security alone. Jordaan is therefore confident crime is no longer an issue ahead of the arrival of some 450 000 visitors. (Accessed 6 April 2010). Ka Nzapheza, Vusumuzi, Soccer ambassadors chosen for 2010.[Online resource] Independent Online, 23 March 2007.

http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=6&click_id=2871&art_id=vn20070322 225010430C971981. Abstract: Sport and Cultural Affairs MEC Whitey

Jacobs has chosen 20 provincial soccer ambassadors for the 2010 World Cup.They include former soccer players and officials such as Bafana Bafana and Orlando Pirates captain Thabo Mngomeni, former Banyana Banyana player Desiree Ellis and former Bafana Bafana and Santos striker Duncan Crowie. (Accessed 4 May 2007). Keenan, T. Die man wat byna koning geword het: Danny Jordan van die bodkomitee: gesig agter die syfers. Finansies & tegniek (25 August 2000): 36. Keim, Marion. 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup: an opportunity to raise awareness of challenges to social transformation and peace building in South Africa - a coordinated approach: sport and development. 14, 4 (December 2008): 343-354.

African Journal for Physical Health Education, Recreation and Dance

Kersting, Norbert. Sport and national identity: a comparison of the 2006 and 2010 FIFA World Cups. Politikon: South African journal of political studies 34, 3 (December 2007): 277-293. Abstract: Big sport events may strengthen negative nationalism or alternatively fuel positive patriotism. The 2006 FIFA World Cup held in Germany enabled Germans to express certain types of identities. Given Germany's history, there is the question whether this was

39 accompanied with xenophobia. In South Africa, the 2010 FIFA World Cup is in part held to transcend deeply entrenched social cleavages and to help foster national cohesion. This article explores the way in which large-scale sport events such as the FIFA world tournament can influence processes related to national identity construction. Through an analysis of the social effects of the 2006 finals held in Germany some prospects are raised for the 2010 World Cup. Empirical data show that the 2006 tournament did not contribute to sustainable patriotism but it did have small effects in reducing xenophobia. Hereby it enhances a longer-established trend. Although there are cases of violence against foreigners in East Germany, xenophobia has been diminishing since the 1980s. National pride, too, has been growing since then. In South Africa national pride is much stronger, although it is diminishing within the white population. However, national identity is cross-cut by stronger racial identities. In spite of the implementation of certain policies by the national government, xenophobia against African foreigners is becoming a latent phenomenon. Major sport events can be used to promote values such as team spirit and discipline, but also at a wider level, tolerance, multiculturalism and solidarity. Kruys, George. Public safety and security during the 2010 Soccer World Cup. ISSUP Bulletin 4 (July 2007):1-18.

http://66.102.1.104/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=cache:omgsZyisaBkJ:www.up.ac.za/ dspace/handle/2263/3734+2010+soccer (Accessed 24 April 2009).

Ladoema, laat rol in die miljarde: die sokker-wereldbeker kan SA 'n reuse hupstoot gee, as ons leer uit vorige gasheerlande se foute. Huisgenoot 363 (27 May 2004): 22-23, 26. Landie, Candice. 2010 Stadiums: is SA on track?: projects. IMIESA 32, 11 (November/December 2007): 37,39. Larsen JV. "2010, HIV and international public health issues. South African Medical Journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde 96, 12 (2006).

40 Ledgard, Jonathan. The year of African football. Economist 11, 21 (2009): 70-71. Abstract: The article focuses on the 2010 World Cup soccer tournament and soccer in Africa. The tournament will be held in South Africa, and is considered an opportunity for that country to indicate its social and economic progress by successful staging of such a large event. The increasingly prominent role of African soccer players in the top level of international soccer competition is discussed. Longman, Jere. South Africa is named host of 2010 World Cup. New York Times (16 May 2004): 6. Abstract: Once shunned by the international sporting community because of its policy of apartheid, South Africa yesterday became the first African nation chosen to play host to soccer's World Cup. The 2010 World Cup was awarded to South Africa over Morocco and Egypt yesterday by the executive committee of FIFA, soccer's world governing body, in a vote in Zurich. Longman, Jere. South Africa under microscope one year before World Cup New York Times (28 June 2009):1. Abstract: On June 11, 2010, soccer's World Cup -- the world's largest sporting event and, many believe, the most important -- will open with an African host for the first time. The month long, 32-team tournament, to be held in 10 stadiums around South Africa, will present organizers with significant challenges regarding security, transportation and accommodation of the expected 450,000 international visitors. Loots, Elsabe. The 2010 Soccer World Cup: an economic and socio-economic perspective. Discourse 34, 2 (December 2006): 14-20. Lunsche, S., N. Smith and D. McLeod. Goals and reality- Soccer World Cup 2010: cover story. Financial mail 187, 9 (25 August 2006): 22-28. Lund, T. and S. Mantshantsha. All eyes on 2010 mega tenders - Competition Tribunal; Cartel crusher - Competition Commission: openers. Finweek, (15 May 2008): 18-20. Mabaso, S. The meaning, the dreams, the expectations: feature. Enterprise 209 (May 2006): 42-44.

41 Maennig, Wolfgang and Stan Du Plessis. Sport stadia, sporting events and urban development: international experience and the ambitions of Durban. Urban Forum 20, 1 (March 2009): 61-76. Abstract: The paper considers the stadium construction and infrastructure projects underway for World Cup 2010. We ask whether and under which conditions hosting such an event (along with the new facilities and infrastructural development required) will have positive effects on urban development. By analysing the stadium project in Durban, the paper also presents evidence on whether such positive effects may be enhanced by the attempt to create an image effect by seeking outstanding architectural quality of the new stadia. Maennig, Wolfgang and Stan Du Plessis. World Cup 2010: South African economic perspectives and policy challenges informed by the experience of Germany 2006. Contemporary economic policy 25, 4 (October 2007): 578-590. Abstract: The paper provides an ex post analysis of the financial burden and economic benefits of the World Cup (WC) in Germany 2006. Based on the usual cost-benefit measures, the experience of WC 2006 appears to be in line with existing empirical research on large sporting events and sports stadiums, which have rarely identified significant net economic benefits. The lessons from Germany 2006 provide a context for analyzing the potential risks and benefits for South Africa (SA), the WC hosts in 2010. For SA, a careful analysis might be even more urgent to assure the sustainability of investment in stadiums. The paper also argues that the "feel-good" and public image effects of sports events should no longer be neglected in cost-benefit studies of large sporting events, even though these effects have the character of experience goods, and their values are thus likely to be underestimated ex ante. Magi, Lindisizwe M. Possible contributions of the Soccer World Cup 2010 to the economic development of rural KwaZulu-Natal. Discourse 34, 2 (December 2006): 59-64. Malan D. Inner city rejuvenation and the World Cup 2010: legislation. Imiesa 31, 6 (June 2006): 46-47

42 Martins, J.H., A. Jansen and A. Mthiyane. Provinces and countries.Professional management review 17, 1 (2006): 70-71. Mbembe, Joseph-Achille. Broader vision needed for 2010. Global dialogue 11, 2 (September 2006): 2-4, 37. Memela, Velile. 2010 FIFA World Cup a protected event. Managing Intellectual Property 161 (July/August 2006): 97. Abstract: The article presents information on the notice published by the South African Minister of Trade and Industry on May 25, 2006, designating the 2010 FIFA World Cup as a protected event in terms of Section 15A of the South African Merchandise Marks Act. The protected event status is conferred on the basis that the World Cup is in the public interest and on the understanding that the Local Organising Committee has created opportunities for South African businesses, in particular those from previously disadvantaged communities. Moodley, S. 2010 a soccer odyssey: planning ahead. Delivery: the magazine for local government (2004): 44-46. Moodley, S. On track for 2010: World Cup update. Delivery: the magazine for local government (November/January 2006/2007): 54-61. Moodley, S. and M.R. Baloyi. The build up continues; Greening 2010: update 2010. Delivery: the magazine for local government 14 (February/April 2008): 18-25. Mseleku, S'busiso. 2010 costs soar by R3bn.[Online resource] Independent Online, 6 July 2008.

http://www.fin24.com/articles/default/display_article.aspx?Nav=ns&Article ID=1518-25_2352889. Abstract: Hosting the 2010 Fifa World Cup will

now end up costing SA a further R3bn. This is due to cost escalation since the project started. The new amount will take the entire budget to more than R12bn. This will be more than double the initial budget of R6.7bn agreed when the country was awarded the event in 2004. The R3bn is needed to top up the R9.8bn that was last allocated by Finance Minister Trevor Manuel last year. (Accessed 7 July 2008).

43

Nauright, John. Global games: culture, political economy and sport in the globalised world of the 21st century. Third World Quarterly 25, 7 (2004) Going global: the promises and pitfalls of hosting global games: 1325-1336. Ndlovu, Sifiso Mxolisi. Sports as cultural diplomacy: the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa's foreign policy. Soccer & Society 11, 1/2 (January 2010): 144-153. Abstract: " In order to win the rights to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup leaders of the post-1994 government and soccer administrators used sport and cultural diplomacy as enabling instruments to assert South Africa's credentials. Such a move was made possible by the fact that sport had been successfully used for decades as an oppositional tool against the apartheid regime. Another important contributory factor was that since 1994, South Africa's foreign policy has been based on a vision of a 'better South Africa, a better Africa and a better world'. This Pan-African vision is defined by the following values: freedom, equality, solidarity and tolerance. These values also inform South Africa's cultural diplomacy which underpins the staging of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Nevin, Tom. Will South Africa be ready? African business 351 (March 2009): 12-19. Newton, Caroline. The reverse side of the medal: about the 2010 FIFA World Cup and the beautification of the N2 in Cape Town. Urban forum 20, 1 (March 2009): 93-108. Abstract: This paper aims to show the reverse side of the (football) medal. The N2 gateway project in Cape Town is presented, by government and media, as a flagship project of the new Breaking New Ground strategy, to fight the housing backlog of 400,000 houses in the city. But I want to argue that the fast-tracking of the project has to be understood as a beautification strategy to prepare the city for 2010. Massive slum eradication and the construction of beautiful formal housing opportunities between the airport and the mother city are becoming a painful reminder of the forced removals under the apartheid regime.

44 On goal for 2010. Economist 392, 8638 (7 April 2009): 46. Abstract: The article discusses South Africa's preparations to serve as host of the 2010 World Cup soccer tournament. The Confederations Cup tournament, held in that country in June, 2009, indicated that South Africa is reasonably well prepared to host one of the world's largest sports events, in which it has invested almost $1.5 billion in stadium and infrastructure construction. The country's high violent crime rate remains a concern. Oosterbroek, Athele. Fan parks: the way to catch the 2010 wave of opportunity: landscaping. Imiesa 34, 2 (February 2009): 55-57. Abstract "Municipalities have a very significant part to play in hosting the 2010 Soccer World Cup," says Johan Louw, divisional director of Turftek Construction who has been at the top of its game in installing and maintaining world-class sports playing fields in South Africa for more than a quarter of a century. Patterson, Gordon. The day after the World Cup... Journal of marketing (August/September 2006): 54. Payne, M. Service delivery and 2010: telecommunications 2010. Network times (May 2008): 17. Peacock-Villada, Paola, Jeff DeCelles and Peter Banda. Grassroot soccer resiliency pilot program: building resiliency through sport-based education in Zambia and South Africa. New Directions for Youth Development 2007, 116 (Winter 2007): 141-154. Abstract: Grassroot Soccer designed a curriculum and sport-based teaching model to build resiliency, targeting boys and girls in Lusaka, Zambia, and Johannesburg, South Africa, where most children are reminded daily of the devastation caused by AIDS and where many face chronic and acute hardship. The activities that were created were designed to resonate with youths' interests in sport while teaching boys and girls between ten and eighteen years of age skills to build resiliency and prevent infection of HIV. Pedrina, V., and J. Merz. "Uniting fair play, 2010 soccer and global solidarity. South African Labour Bulletin 32, 2 (2008): 45-47.

45

Pelak, Cynthia Fabrizio. Negotiating gender/race/class constraints in the new South Africa: a case study of womens soccer. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 40, 1 (March 2005): 53-70. Abstract: This study contributes to the emerging international literature on women's soccer by exploring how South African women are negotiating material and ideological constraints to participate in the historically masculine sport of football. Special attention is given to situating athletes' micro-level experiences within macro-level social structures, including the material legacies of colonialism and apartheid. This analysis is based on a multi-methods approach that includes inter- view, survey, documentary, and observational data collected during 1999 and 2000. Theoretically, this analysis draws upon various frameworks characteristic of feminist sport literatures as well as theoretical insights of Black feminists writing within and beyond Southern Africa. The findings show that a strong ethic of care within the women's soccer community and strategies of creative resistance in the everyday lives of South African women soccer athletes are central to challenging exclusionary practices in soccer. Implications for theory and future research are discussed. Pelak, Cynthia Fabrizio. Laduma!: soccer, politics, and society in South Africa. International journal of African historical studies 2007 40, 2 (2007): 376-378. Abstract: The article reviews the book "Laduma! soccer, politics and society in South Africa," by Peter Alegi. Pillay, Udesh and Orli Bass. Mega-events as a response to poverty reduction: the 2010 FIFA World Cup and its urban development implications. Urban Forum 19, 3 (September 2008): 329-346. Abstract: This paper reflects on the trajectory that urban development associated with the 2010 Fdration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup has taken in South Africa. The argument suggests that a unique moment has been lost regarding the ability of the World Cup to serve as a catalyst for urban development. This notion is supported by a digest of the international literature which takes a cautious stance in its assessment of the benefits of mega-events. Hence, this paper posits

46 that it is unlikely that poverty alleviation, as a result of fasttracking South Africas urban development impetus, will constitute a significant outcome of the World Cup. Rather, development benefits in cities are likely to be fairly circumscribed. Legacy, the paper argues, should therefore advance beyond an exclusively pro-poor language. In this regard, vigorous public debate is required to arrive at a national consensus of what kind of legacy the 2010 FIFA World Cup is realistically able to achieve. Powell, Anl, 2010: Its Green Point or bust for Cape Town. It's Green Point Common for the stadium, or Cape Town will lose 2010, the City Council has warned.[Online resource] Independent Online, 7 December 2006.
http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?art_id=vn20061207021831850C148662&set _id=1&click_id=79&sf. Abstract: Cape Town has only one option as far

as 2010 is concerned. Build a 68 000-seat stadium on Green Point or we won't get 2010," said Ian Neilson, mayoral committee member for finance. (Accessed 3 May 2007).

Powell, Anel, A'Eeysha Kassiem and Dominique Herman. Cape Town will have a new look for 2010. [Online resource] Independent Online, 22 November 2006.

http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?art_id=vn20061122031941479C989187&set_ id=1&click_id=13&sf. Abstract: Faced with legal action and the risk of

losing the 2010 World Cup semifinal event because of a possible delayed start in construction of the stadium, the City of Cape Town on Tuesday agreed to a negotiated settlement with leaseholders of the Green Point Common that will safeguard the area from future commercial or residential development. (Accessed 3 May 2007). Powell, Anel. Extra police officers needed for 2010.[Online resource] Independent Online, 4 May 2007.

http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=vn2007050407 4909800C870979. Abstract: Unless it urgently appoints 350 more

metro police officers and 600 more firefighters this year, the City of Cape Town may not have enough emergency services capacity in place for the 2010 World Cup. (Accessed 4 May 2007).

47 Prince, Natasha. Child sex offenders might be heading to SA. [Online resource] Independent Online, 17 October 2008.

http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=vn20081017120 320179C385170. Abstract: Concerns have been raised that child

pornography site users and sex offenders may slip through unnoticed to prey on the youth of South Africa when soccer fever hits with an influx of foreign tourists in 2010.(Accessed 28 April 2009). Ray, M. Critical goals in sight - 2010 Soccer World Cup: business strategy. Finweek (20 March 2008): 68-69. Rebelo, E. and I. Venter. New fund to liberate small- business agency; time running out for Gautrain as Soccer World Cup looms. Engineering news 24, 46 (26 November 2004): 8-9. Regional Report - South Africa is enjoying a building boom in the runup to the 2010 soccer World Cup, but many industry experts think the buoyancy will continue for much longer. International construction. 46, 8 (2007): 7. Saayman, M., and R. Rossouw. The economic value of the 2010 Soccer World Cup. Acta Commercii 8 (2008): 1-14.
SA's

2010 cities 'millions short'. [Online resource] News 24 Online, 23 January 2007. http://www.news24.com/News24/Sport/Soccer/0,9294,29-840_2058549,00.html. Abstract: South African cities due to host the 2010 football World Cup complained on Tuesday of funding shortfalls of millions of rand to build stadiums for the continent's biggest sporting event. Estimates had swelled due to inflation, exchange rate fluctuations as well as rising input costs linked to shortages of skilled manpower and building materials, officials told a parliamentary sport committee. (Accessed 3 May 2007).

Sanpath, A. NGOs fear 2010 Soccer World Cup will increase trafficking of women and girls: feature. Agenda 70 (2006): 120-124. Seale, Lebogang. World Cup ticket centres swarmed. [Online resource] Independent Online, 15 April 2010.

http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=iol1271322383

48
930W643. Abstract: Ebrahim Kaka arrived at the Sandton Fifa

ticketing centre at 6pm on Wednesday hoping to be the first on the queue. But that was not be as he found 44 other fans wanting to buy tickets for the 2010 World Cup in front of him. This is as Fifa opened the over-the-counter ticket centres in all the nine host cities across the country. Tickets have also gone on sale at Shoprite Checkers stores across the country. The opening of these ticket selling points coincided with opening of the fifth and last phase of the Fifa 2010 World Cup tickets on Thursday morning. (Accessed 15 April 2010). Sewpaul, Vishanthie. "On national identity, nationalism and soccer 2010: should social work be concerned?" International Social Work 52, 2 (2009): 143-153+263. Abstract: There is a wide spectrum of views on the potential socio-economic and socio-political consequences of South Africa hosting the Soccer 2010 World Cup. This article discusses whether this major sports event holds potential to contribute to a strengthened national identity and consciousness and/or to a narrow nationalism, and looks at possible implications for society and social work. Shandu, Khulekani. The business of soccer and television - what's in it? Journal of Marketing (February/March 2008): 36-37. Abstract: When the FIFA executive committee voted for South Africa in 2004 to host the soccer world cup in 2010, it marked a new era in South African soccer. Prior to that all-important FIFA vote, some sections of local soccer were already achieving growth on a commercial front. But over the years there has been an outcry that local football, despite being the most popular sport in the country, is still undervalued in terms of the number of sponsors coming on board and what the few that are coming are willing to put on the table. Without a doubt, obtaining the rights to host the first ever soccer world cup in Africa presented a new era for South African soccer and an opportunity to take this product to another level. Silva, Bianca. 2010 child trafficking concerns highlighted.[Online resource] Independent Online, 3 May 2007.

http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=vn2007050310 2106664C109535. Abstract: The 2010 Fifa World Cup could provide

an ideal market for child traffickers, warn child rights organisations -

49 especially since South Africa has no specific legislation criminalising the growing scourge. (Accessed 4 May 2007). "Soccer City Stadium: supporting the 2010 World Cup. Civil engineering: magazine of the South African Institution of Civil Engineers = Siviele Ingenieurswese. 16, 4 (2008): 13-15. Soccer violence: the brutal facts: 2010. Emergency services SA 30, 1 (January/February 2008): 35. Abstract: The South African Police Service (SAPS) began planning for 2010 as soon as the bid for the cup was won in 2004. A security strategy is already in place and a massive recruitment drive began in 2005 to increase police numbers by 55 000 to over 190 000 in 2009. The number of police reservists will also almost double before the 2010 FIFA World Cup from the current 45 000 members to over 100 000. South Africa. Africa Research Bulletin: Political, social & cultural series 44, 11 (November 2007): 17327-17328. Abstract: The article reports that the South African government will need an additional $500 million, a 20% increase than originally estimated, to host the 2010 World Cup. According to Deputy Finance Minister Jabu Moleketi, the government would work out how to finance the shortfall after a detailed cost calculation in December 2006. A budget of $2.5 billion has been allocated by the government for the World Cup. "South Africa's 2010 Cup challenge was showcased by BBC news on July 7, speaking positively of the country's hosting of soccer's World Cup. 2007. American Shipper 49 (9): 34-38. South Africa's World Cup. New York Times, 23 May 2004: 10. Abstract: Once a global pariah because of apartheid, South Africa was chosen on May 15 to be the host of the world's most popular sporting event, soccer's World Cup, in 2010. The significance and poignancy of the inspired choice was written all over Nelson Mandela's joyous face as he embraced the tournament's trophy when the decision was announced by FIFA, soccer's governing body. ''I feel like a young man of 50,'' said Mr. Mandela, the 85-year-old father of

50 post-apartheid South Africa. Earlier he had made clear that guiding the nation's candidacy, which beat out bids by Morocco and Egypt to play host to the continent's first World Cup, would be his last major public undertaking. South Africa in 2000 lost a close vote for the 2006 tournament to Germany. Stone, T. "Around the calabash: 2010 stadiums," Institution of Municipal Engineers of Southern Africa Journal 34, 8 (1 January 2009): 78-79. Swart, Kamilla and Urmilla Bob. The eluding link: toward developing a national sport tourism strategy in South Africa beyond 2010. Politikon: South African Journal of Political Studies 34, 3 (December 2007): 373-391. Abstract: This article provides an overview of sport tourism generally and investigates the sport tourism policy in the South African context. The discussion draws upon South Africa's unique context and international experiences to provide guidelines for the development of a national sport tourism strategy. In particular, the opportunities presented by the hosting of the 2010 FIFA World Cup are underscored. The need to consider the full extent of sport tourism products is emphasised and it is argued that the current focus on events as one sub-segment of sport tourism, and especially mega-events, limits the capacity for South Africa to capitalise on the potential benefits of sport tourism. The article concludes by summarising the critical issues that need to be considered when developing a national sport tourism strategy framework. The development of such a framework should be an integral part and key legacy outcome of planning for 2010. Tau, Poloko. Football fans warm to easier tickets. [Online resource] Independent Online, 15 April 2010.

http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=iol1271317077 735T232. Abstract: Finally, a way of obtaining World Cup tickets that

everybody understands - with football-crazy South Africans showing they are determined to not miss out on the showpiece. By 8pm on Wednesday, more than 200 people had already put their names on a list kept by the second man in a long queue snaking out of Sandton's ticketing centre. Football fan Farouk Motala said he and his friends had arrived at the centre just after 1pm. "This is the last ticket-sales

51 phase, and it is over the counter, which is very easy and actually hassle-free. With only about half-a-million tickets available, we decided to be here early and camp here to avoid disappointment," said Motala, adding that he had never missed a World Cup since 1990. (Accessed 15 April 2010). Tilley, Virginia. Scary economics of the mega event. [Online resource] Business Day, 8 August 2006

http://uamp.wits.ac.za/sebs/downloads/2006/http___www.businessday.co.z a_printfriendly.pdf. Abstract: Whatever ire she might have incurred,

Cape Town mayor Helen Zille was quite right to insist on getting hard figures for the new Cape Town stadium. And if they are wise, more government officials will soon start asking the same kind of questions about the 2010 World Cup. Before I get pelted with eggs for saying this, let us agree: the contracts are signed. Every project essential to the 2010 World Cup is going ahead. No fussing or worrying by any politician (or academic like me) is going to change that. So, soccer fans, keep your hats on while we try to look ahead a little more pragmatically. Because SA is likely to face more financial difficulties from the grand event than many people realise or than Fifa, typically, is signalling. (Accessed 24 April 2009). Tilt-up beams for new Orlando Soccer Stadium: cover story. IMIESA 32, 11 (November/December 2007): 4-5. Abstract: Design principles, based on a 'building block' system are being used to produce heavily reinforced concrete precast elements for the new Orlando Stadium in Soweto, which will be used as a training ground during the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup. Timeframe to kick-off: greening. IMIESA 33, 2 (February 2008): 73 Abstract: It's 2008 and with so many elements in the preparation of the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup, the question everyone is asking is will we be ready? Tshabalala-Msimang, Manto and Yogan Pillay. Preparing the health sector for the 2010 Soccer World Cup: editorial. South African Medical Journal 97, 1 (January 2007): 40.

52 Van der Merwe, Justin. Political analysis of South Africa's hosting of the rugby and cricket world cups: lessons for the 2010 football world cup and beyond? Politikon: South African journal of political studies 34, 1 (April 2007): 67-81. Abstract: This paper compares South Africa's hosting of two of the world's largest sporting events to date, the 1995 Rugby World Cup and the 2003 Cricket World Cup by doing a political analysis of these two mega-events and relating that analysis to South Africa's hosting of the 2010 Football World Cup. Although nations habitually put forward the tangible benefits that such events are likely to bring as justification for hosting them, not many analyses have sought to explore the processes through which the more elusive benefits are said to accrue, namely, identity formation and signalling aspects, on the one hand, and democracy and human rights enhancing aspects on the other. Through this analysis it is demonstrated how South Africa has traditionally drawn from the realm of politics using its perceived moral authority for hosting such events, yet the folding of the overtly political into the sporting arena has sometimes led to unintended consequences. South Africa has also become much more businesslike in its approach to sports events. Whereas the Rugby and Cricket World Cups were steeped in the symbolic importance of an 'imagined community', these sentiments are likely to become diluted in the face of a more consumerist global football milieu and the powerful role of FIFA in deciding who gets what, when and where. Van Rensburg, R. 'Fantastische' lesse vir 2010: ons kan by Duitsland kers opsteek vir die wereldbeker. Huisgenoot 474 (13 July 2006): 14-16. Van Zyl, J. G. Theunissen, and H. Preece. 2010 World Soccer Cup; foreign investment; African development: economic trends & analysis. Finweek (English) (27 July 2006): 62. Venter, Albert. Government involvement in the 2010 Soccer World Cup. Discourse 34, 2 (December 2006): 47-51. Viljoen, A. Political logistics set the pace: multimodal; better roads and rail after 2010 World Cup: road. Transport world Africa 3, 3 (May/June 2005): 15, 21, 23.

53 Worby, Eric. The play of race in a field of urban desire: soccer and spontaneity in post-apartheid Johannesburg. Critique of anthropology 29, 1 (March 2009): 105-123. Abstract: The brutal history of racially based segregation in Johannesburg, as in other post-apartheid cities, would appear to condemn its inhabitants to live in perpetual fear of violence based on perceptions of racial and national difference. Yet urban pickup soccer recreates spaces in which that history can be suspended, if not forgotten. In creating evanescent form out of spontaneous play, such games may be understood as artful conversations among bodies-in-motion. Players have the freedom to engage in charismatic self-fashioning, inventing a fantasy persona on the field that is larger than the life they live at other times and places in the city. In this way, participants project themselves into a social future beyond race that they might not otherwise be able to imagine. World Cup, African Nations Cup draw revealed. Africa Research Bulletin: political, social & cultural series 44, 11 (November 2007): 1732717327. Abstract: The article reports on the draw ceremony for the Federation Internationale de Football Association's (FIFA) 2010 World Cup, hosted in Durban, South Africa, on November 25, 2007. The ceremony included a record of 204 countries. As the host country, South Africa automatically qualifies for the event. A total of six African countries will be in the final list for the World Cup. The final listing after the draw is presented. Yancey II, Arthur H., Peter D. Fuhri, Yogan Pillay and Ian Greenwald.World Cup 2010 planning: an integration of public health and medical systems. Public Health. 122, 10 (October 2008): 1020-9. Abstract: To present crucial stages of planning and the resources involved in the medical and health care that will address issues affecting the health and safety of all participants in the 2010 World Cup. Design: Relevant literature reviews of mass gathering medical care supplemented experience of the authors in planning for previous similar events. Attention is focused on issues wherein effective planning requires the integration of public health practices with those of clinical emergency medical services. The tables that are included serve to illustrate the depth and breadth of planning as well

54 as the organizational relationships required to execute care of a universally acceptable standard. Conclusions: This article offers guidance in planning for the 2010 World Cup health and emergency medical care, emphasizing the need for integration of public health and medical practices. It depicts the span of planning envisioned, the organizational relationships crucial to it, and emphasizes the necessity of an early start.

55

THESES AND DISSERTATIONS

Alegi, Peter C. Keep your eye on the ball: a social history of soccer in South Africa, 1910-1976. Thesis (Ph. D.) Boston University, 2000. Africa, Ian Edward. The unification of amateur soccer in Durban, 1980-1997: a study of integration. Thesis. MEd (University of Natal, Durban) 1998. Altringer, Beth. The intended and actual impacts of mega-events: an international comparative study on mega-event hosting and a speculative review of South Africa's preparations for the 2010 Football World Cup. Thesis (M.Phil. (Architecture, Planning and Geomatics)) University of Cape Town, 2006. Armstrong, Robert Scott. Upgrading the Caledonian Football Stadium in Pretoria. Thesis (MTech. degree in Architecture (Professional).) Tshwane University of Technology, 2007. Abstract: In view of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, the study examines the need of the touring national soccer teams to have access to training grounds and base camps for their duration of stay in South Africa. Host stadiums will be used exclusively for match day events and training venues will have to be found elsewhere. In this study a proposal is set forth to modernise the Caledonian football grounds into a contemporary, world-class football stadium in preparation for the World Cup. The proposal is for a development according to the 'legacy' system, whereby the facility targets the requirements of the local Arcadia Shepherds Football club, but maintains the potential to be leased as a training ground by partaking teams in the 2010 event, to recuperate the finances required for constructing such a building. (Accessed via Worldcat, 12 April 2010). Cristando, John R. Can a mega-event be developmental? a case study of Cape Town as it prepares for the 2010 World Cup. Thesis (M.Phil. (Development Studies)) University of Cape Town, 2006.

56 lle. A review of the FIFA World Cup 2010: Cape Town, as conduit to accelerated economic growth. Mini study project (MBA) University of Stellenbosch, 2007. Engelbrecht, Johann. Providing alternative accommodating facilities, with an improved atmosphere, to sports fans. Thesis. Tshwane University of Technology. Department of Interior Design, 2006. Abstract: The inability of the current sports bars and pubs to sufficiently accommodate South African sports fans when an important sporting event takes place, shows that there is a definite need for a new type of facility with regard to the fans. The thesis looks at the design of a different type of facility that can accommodate vast amounts of people and has proper facilities to cater for the needs of most sports fans. Erasmus, Marius. Promoting coca-cola and incorporating the soccer world cup 2010 in exhibition design. Thesis (BTech.degree in Interior) TUT Arts, Department of Interior design, 2004. Abstract: The thesis is compiled to design an exhibition for Coca-cola, promoting its top brands such as Coke, Sprite, Fanta and Powerade. The 2010 Soccer World Cup which will be held in South Africa, is used as an element of promotion. Harcus, Karin. Facilities for the development of sport in conjunction with the 2010 soccer sport administrative building. Thesis (M.Arch. (Prof.)) University of Pretoria, 2005. University of Pretoria: Electronic theses and dissertations [Online resource] http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02202006-094526, accessed 17 May 2010). Hart, C. J. L. Voluntary association? soccer in a Cape Peninsula Coloured township: a study of the role of football clubs in channelling socialization patterns in Ocean View Township, Kommetjie. Thesis (B.A.(Hons.) (Social Anthropology)) University of Cape Town, 1976. Makda, Tahira Jehan. Assessing management of risks in the event industry by 2010 with reference to the City of Cape Town. Thesis (M.Tech

57 (Tourism and Hospitality Management)) Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008. Muller, Mark-Marcel. Africa's place in the international football system: why South Africa received the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Germany: GRIN Verlag, 2006. Thesis/dissertation. Mwanuhehere, Kambere. An investigation of safety and security measures in Cape Town with respect to the 2010 Soccer World Cup tournament. Thesis (MTech (Business Administration) Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. Pan, Qi. Critical factors for service quality in the intercity bus transport industry. Thesis (M.Tech.) Durban University of Technology, 2008. Abstract: South Africa will host the Soccer World Cup in 2010. This study attempts to identify current barriers to good service quality in the South African intercity bus transport industry, using the SERVQUAL instrument. Solomon, Mandy-Lee. The management of football development programmes in Gauteng. Thesis (M.Comm. (Business management)) University of Johannesburg, 2008. Svensson, Sofia. South Africa 2010 and beyond: a study of how the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup affects South Africa's environmental efforts. Thesis (Independent thesis for Bachelor degree). Vxj University, 2009. [Sweden]. Abstract: The study investigates South Africas actions and efforts within environmental and climate issues in relation to the countrys hosting of the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup. The investigation is conducted by applying idea analysis on the empirical material in order to highlight what ideas South Africa might have when it comes to environmental and climate related measures in connection to the World Cup. The two theories of behavioralism and rational choice are to be compared in order to reveal the true reasons for South Africas environmental actions. In addition, an ownformulated hypothesis which claims that measures within environmental issues are improved due to the 2010 World Cup is tested against the empirical material. Results are presented as a

58 review over what is being done today within environmental and climate issues in South Africa and these answers are then connected to the World Cup as it is analyzed concerning how the event affects the countrys policies and efforts within these areas. Finally, a concluding discussion states what role environmental and climate issues have in connection to a major sporting event such as the 2010 FIFA World Cup and how South Africa administers this opportunity to act accordingly and present itself to the rest of the world. Full-text pdf copy may be downloaded from the Linnaeus University DiVa Portal http://lnu.diva-portal.org/smash/searchlist.jsf?searchId=1 (accessed 17 May 2010).

59

CONFERENCE, SEMINAR AND WORKSHOP PAPERS

Alegi, Peter C. Contract of joy? players and supporters in South African soccer, 1948-1976. Bellville: Institute for Historical Research, University of the Western Cape, 1998. Paper presented at the UWC South African and Contemporary History Seminar on 26 May 1998. Alegi, Peter C. The South African Soccer League: the making of a

professional football culture in the post-Sharpeville era, 1960-1966.

[S.l.: s. n.], 1999. [Paper presented at the North Eastern Workshop on Southern Africa (NEWSA), African Studies Program, University of Vermont, 30 April -2 May 1999]. Anderson, Connie M. The people's game in the rainbow nation: sport, racism and nation building in post-apartheid South Africa. [S.l.: s.n.], 1999. [Paper presented at the North Eastern Workshop on Southern Africa (NEWSA), African Studies Program, University of Vermont, April 302 May 1999]. Baines, Gary. Sidelining developmental goals? re-imaging Port Elizabeth for the 2010 Soccer World Cup. Paper presented at a symposium, 2010 and Life of the City, held on 4-6 September 2006, at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Full-text pdf copy may be downloaded from the Rhodes eResearch Repository http://eprints.ru.ac.za/945/01/baines_worldcup.pdf (17 May 2010). Baller, Susann. Arenas of conflict and joy: football fields and the politics of youth in Senegal. Bellville: University of the Western Cape, Department of History, 2009. Paper presented at the South African Contemporary History and Centre for Humanities Research seminar, UWC, on 22 July 2009. Cameron, J.W.M. The case of municipal transport authorities revisited. Paper presented to the 24th Annual Southern African Transport Conference, South Africa, 11-13 July 2005. Abstract: Paper presented at the 24th Annual Southern African Transport Conference

60 11 - 13 July 2005 "Transport challenges for 2010", CSIR International Convention Centre, Pretoria, South Africa. Mabugu, Ramos and Ahmed Mohamed. The economic impacts of government financing of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. A working paper of the Department of Economics and the Bureau for Economic Research at the University of Stellenbosch, 2008. Abstract: This paper presents estimates of the economic impacts of financing the hosting of the 2010 FIFA World Cup by the government of South Africa. Ex ante analysis using a fiscal social accounting matrix model indicates that hosting of the event impacts positively on gross domestic product and imports. The positive impact on imports will, inter alia, lead to deterioration in the current account deficit for a given amount of exports. Owners of capital benefit more than owners of labour as a result of 2010 FIFA World Cup expenditures by the government. Middle-income Black households are the largest winners, followed by high-income Whites. Asians experience the least gain. These outcomes are explained by the initial factor endowments and their sectoral allocation in the social accounting matrix. Government revenue goes up in response to the demand injection, and a large proportion of it accrues to central government and local government respectively. Full-text pdf copy may be downloaded from the webpage of the Department of Economics, University of Stellenbosch
http://www.ekon.sun.ac.za/wpapers/2008/wp082008/wp-08-2008.pdf

(accessed 17 May 2010). Matheson, Victor A. and Robert A. Baade. Mega-sporting events in developing nations: playing the way to prosperity? March, 2003. A paper originally presented at the 2002 Northeast Universities Development Consortium Conference. It was subsequently posted as a draft working paper in the Working Papers series of the Department of Economics at Williams College. Abstract: Supporters of mega-sporting events such as the World Cup and Olympics claim that these events attract hoards of wealthy visitors and lead to lasting economic benefits for the host regions. For this reason, cities and countries compete vigorously for the right to stage these spectacles. Recently, developing countries have become increasingly vocal in demanding that they get the right to share in the economic

61 benefits of these international games. China, for example, has been awarded the 2008 Summer Olympics, and an African nation seems destined to host the 2010 World Cup. The specialized infrastructure and operating expenses required to host these events, however, can be extremely costly, and it is not at all clear that either the long or short-term benefits of the games are anywhere nearly large enough to cover these costs. This paper reviews other researchers as well as our own previous work on mega-sporting events such as the Super Bowl and World Series as well as international events like the World Cup and Olympics. Independent researchers nearly unanimously find that boosters projections of the economic impact of sporting events exaggerate the true economic impact of these competitions by a wide margin. In particular, in this paper we focus on the particular circumstances that face developing countries hosting these games. Our research suggests that in most cases mega-sporting events are an even worse investment for developing countries than for industrialized countries. A full-text pdf copy is downloadable from the Williams College Economics Department Working Papers website

http://www.holycross.edu/departments/economics/vmatheso/research/pro sperity.pdf (accessed 17 May 2010).

Page, Oliver and Mathetha Mokonyama. [Online resource]. Service design: pre-trip planning and the international visitors attending the 2010 Soccer World Cup. Paper presented to the 27th Annual Southern African Transport Conference, South Africa, 7-11 July 2008. "Partnership for research and progress in transportation", CSIR International Convention Centre, Pretoria, South Africa. A full-text pdf is downloadable from UPSpace at the University of Pretoria
https://www.up.ac.za/dspace/bitstream/2263/6512/1/Page.pdf

(Accessed 17 May 2010). Pellegrino, Greg and Heather Hancock. A lasting legacy: how major sporting

events can drive positive change for host communities and economies. [S.l.]: Deloitte, 2010.

Ribbens, H and L. Gamoo. 2010- The need to provide safe and secure nonmotorized transport infrastructure and amenities. Paper presented to the 25th Annual Southern African Transport Conference, South

62 Africa, 10 - 13 July 2006. Abstract: Paper presented at the 25th Annual Southern African Transport Conference 10 - 13 July 2006 "2010: Will transport infrastructure and systems be ready?" CSIR International Convention Centre, Pretoria, South Africa. Richardson, Eric M. Soccer World Cup 2010: the trouble with sportocracy and education. Soccer World Cup 2010: sportocracy, gender equality, and education. Paper presented at a conference, Gender studies here and now, hosted by FOTIM, on 17-19 January 2006, in Pretoria, South Africa. A full-text copy is downloadable from their website

http://www.fotim.ac.za/fotim/fotim_conferences/genderconf/papers/richa rdson_paper.pdf (accessed 17 May 2010).

63

AUDIO-VISUAL MATERIAL
Benger, Robin. Goal, goal, freedom. [South Africa]: TBA, 2010. Abstract: The incredible story of the history of football in South Africa centred on one riotous, epic turning-point match where the future of South African sport was decided and, many believe, where apartheid was psychologically defeated. With in-depth interviews with the central players and remarkable up-to-date analysis of how todays World Cup is the blossoming of bitter and brilliant roots that ran through the boots and hearts of millions of dispossessed black South African fans and players. (Synopsis and further details downloadable from Africas time has come, the online catalogue of the Gauteng Film Commission at http://www.gautengfilm.co.za/content/Catalogue_2010.pdf, 17 May 2010). Benger, Robin and Jane Thandi Lipman. We did overcome. [South Africa?]: TBC, 2010. Abstract: The essence of the transcendent event that is the World Cup will be missed in the media avalanche of live football, punditry, nationalism, negative journalism and marketing that is the inevitable product of the Soccer World Cup. That essence is the socalled Rainbow miracle of South Africas transformation. From a land of division and hate to a nation with a sense of hope, forgiveness and positive energy. This documentary is the moving and harrowing story of five South Africans who survived hellish events during apartheid, struggled to evolve through challenging days since, and now approach the World Cup with joy and a deep sense of celebration. A royal queen whose family was jailed and tribe was partly decimated; a racist cop who has travelled from hate to love; the national teams goalkeeper whose fathers life and soccer dreams were crushed like millions of his compatriots; the necklace victims family united with her killers; and a disgraced lawyer whose passion for multiracialism is now vindicated. The story of five South Africans who overcame hatred and oppression. (Synopsis and further details downloadable from Africas time has come, the online catalogue of the Gauteng Film Commission at http://www.gautengfilm.co.za/content/Catalogue_2010.pdf, 17 May 2010). Bevan, Tim, and Phillip Noyce. Catch a fire. Universal City, CA: Universal Pictures, 2007. Abstract: The true story of a South African hero's

64 journey to freedom. In the country's turbulent and divided times in the 1980s, Patrick Chamusso is an oil refinery foreman and soccer coach who is apolitical. That is, until he and his wife Precious are jailed. Patrick is stunned into action against the country's oppressive reigning system, even as police Colonel Nic Vos further insinuates himself into the Chamussos' lives. Carvalho, Sol. Gift for Madiba. Mozambique/South Africa: Momade Kapuchande for Little Bird, 2008. Abstract: Mozambique is one of the countries that hope to benefit from the 2010 World Cup taking place in South Africa. This film focuses on Samuel Baloi, a sculptor who lives in the Sao Damasio neighbourhood of Maputo. He specializes in a type of sculpture called psikelekedane, the name given to pieces of white wood from the south. Though he used to make animal figures for the tourist trade, he now makes human figurines involved in daily scenes, some of which are exhibited at the National Art Museum. In this film he talks about his art and how it evolved, and it is then shown travelling to South Africa, where a piece depicting a soccer stadium is sold in the African Toy Shop in Johannesburg. He also gets to present Nelson Mandela with a work representing the1994 Government of National Unity. (Information from List of films in the African Studies Library; compiled by Bev Angus [online resource] http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/asl/info/films2010.pdf accessed 6 April 2010). Chait, Melanie. Where soccer is happening in 2010. Short films/travelogues, 2010. [South Africa]: Wilma Rall, Big Fish, 2010. Abstract: These films will expose the heritage, culture, arts and crafts showing international audiences different aspects of South Africa where the numerous soccer games will occur. The content will give audiences the opportunity to experience South Africas diversity through a mosaic of sound, image and people. Shot in HD, all films will be lively with local South African musicians providing the soundtracks. Well known soccer players will guide viewers through the wealth of destinations that make up the fabric of South African society today. (Synopsis and further details downloadable from Africas time has come, the online catalogue of the Gauteng Film Commission at http://www.gautengfilm.co.za/content/Catalogue_2010.pdf, 17 May 2010).

65 Chauke, Lusanda. Getting ready: tourism. South Africa: Little Bird, 2008. Abstract: In this film Kenneth Nkosi goes to Mpumalanga to talk to people about the benefits that the anticipated three million foreign visitors to the country for the 2010 World Cup will bring. He interviews some trainee game rangers, the CEO of the Mpumalanga Economic Growth Agency, a journalist and the chief of the Shangana traditional village, as well as individuals involved with the building of Mbombela Stadium in Nelspruit. Many are hoping that Mpumalanga will be able to get a soccer club into the PSL and even the workers responsible for the building of the stadium now have a football team. (Information from List of films in the African Studies Library; compiled by Bev Angus [online resource] http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/asl/info/films2010.pdf accessed 6 April 2010). Deasai, Rehad. The battle for Johannesburg. Johannesburg: Dan Jawitz, Fireworx Media, 2010. Abstract: Is there a place for the poor in Johannesburg? Johannesburg, now nearly a century and a half old, has survived 10 years of decline since 1994 to once again become a boom town. As a host city of the 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa, the metropolis has caught the eye of the world, finally captured the imagination of its urban developers, reinvigorated a rather tardy city council and ignited its poorer residents. A massive inner city renewal project has been embarked on since 2004 to convert Johannesburg into a World class African city. However, the plan to tame the disorderly, effervescent capital is fraught with obstacles. The story extends beyond the economic value of the citys properties to the lives of its inhabitants. Many residents have come to Johannesburg from rural areas or from other African states to seek their fortunes. These urban poor are displaced as the processes of gentrification (renewal and rebuilding) results in an influx of more affluent people into deteriorating areas. The battle for Johannesburg is a one hour documentary film that examines the conflicts and consequences of Johannesburgs rapid transformation in the 24 months leading up to the World Cup. (Synopsis and further details downloadable from Africas time has come, the online catalogue of the Gauteng Film Commission at http://www.gautengfilm.co.za/content/Catalogue_2010.pdf, 17 May 2010).

66 Dosunmu, Andrew. The African game. Johannesburg: Fireworx Media, 2010. Abstract: The African game celebrates the religion of football and how the hopes of a continent are pinned on the game. It follows six characters in the build-up to the 2010 World Cup: a fan and a mascot, an old star, and an agent and a manager. This is the first World Cup in history to be played in Africa- in South Africa. The African game takes a dazzling look at the continent and its people through the lens of football. (Synopsis and further details downloadable from Africas time has come, the online catalogue of the Gauteng Film Commission at http://www.gautengfilm.co.za/content/Catalogue_2010.pdf, 17 May 2010). Farr, Sharon, Lee Otten and Mark Myburg. Irie style. South Africa: (Shoot the Breeze) for Little Bird, 2008. Abstract: The Marcus Garvey Rasta Community lies some 15 kilometres outside Cape Town. It started in 1990 and though many individuals have come to Philippi from other areas, they brought their love of soccer with them as one of them explains, becoming Rasta means that you leave the bad things behind, but retain the good ones. This film focuses on the community and its soccer team, including Manager/Captain Ras Isaac Monde Dyosis efforts to keep children off the streets by encouraging them to take part in sporting activities. It all leads up to the One Love Gathering Tournament, in which all the local Rasta soccer teams will take part, and on the way it takes in the Nyahbinghi Coronation Celebrations, which commemorate the enthronement of Haile Selassie I as Emperor of Ethiopia. (Information from List of films in the African Studies Library; compiled by Bev Angus [online resource] http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/asl/info/films2010.pdf accessed 6 April 2010). Farr, Sharon, and Miroslaw Dembinski. Pitch fever. [South Africa]: Shoot the Breeze Productions, 2004. Abstract: The Big issue magazine is sold by some 400 vendors on the streets of Cape Town and is one of the most successful street papers in the world. The first Homeless Street Soccer World Cup took place in Austria in June 2003. Just three weeks before the start, the publishers of the Big issue, South Africa, secured the finance to send a South African team to compete. This film depicts the team as they prepare for their departure and follows their progress through the competition as they beat teams

67 such as Wales, Germany, Brazil and Sweden to reach seventh place in the final standing.(Abstract accessed via Worldcat, 1 April 2010). Football Federation Australia, and Visual Entertainment Group (Firm). Qantas Socceroos their journey to 2010. [Richmond, Vic.]: Visual Entertainment Group [distributor], 2009. Abstract: The Qantas Socceroos' unprecedented success on their campaign to the FIFA World Cup in South Africa in 2010 is covered in this program hosted by Fox Sports' Melanie McLaughlin, and includes game highlight action as well as exclusive interviews with high-profile past and present players and the current coaching team."Container. (Abstract accessed via Worldcat, 1 April 2010). Groenewald, Lauren. S.O.S. Soccer on Sundays. South Africa: Plexus Films for Little Bird, 2007. Abstract: For a number of years, soccer teams comprised of refugees from various African countries have taken part in informal games on the lawns in Green Point, Cape Town. Attracting a number of ex-internationals, these get-togethers always take place on Sundays and are both sporting events and a way of staying in touch with ones countrymen. Towards the end of 2006, Mustafa Kundulu, a refugee from Burundi, tries to organize a competition for the Refugee Unity Cup in order to give the teams something to aim for. A determined man, apparently working on his own, he charms people into assisting and in November the competition takes place. The film focuses primarily on a match between the Nigerian All Stars and Burundi Dragon United which, to the Nigerians surprise, the Burundians win 2-0. (Information from List of films in the African Studies Library; compiled by Bev Angus [online resource] http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/asl/info/films2010.pdf accessed 6 April 2010). Jacobson, Mandy. Getting ready. South Africa: Little Bird, 2007. Abstract: This programme features a very ebullient Kenneth Nkosi as he talks to a variety of South Africans about the 2010 World Cup, ranging from skeptics who doubt that an investment of R410 billion is going to benefit the country as a whole, to enthusiastic soccer fans and those who have a vested interest in ensuring that the enterprise will be a success. This takes him from Valorous, the Cape Flats and Soweto, to the offices of Ebrahim Rasool and Helen Zille in Cape Town, as well as

68 the boardroom of the firm that is looking after the financial interests of the sponsors, who are taking great care that only they will be allowed to brand their products with 2010 World Cup. Some people clearly have unrealistically high expectations, while others are decidedly pessimistic. The controversy over the Green Point Stadium gets an airing, as do such issues as crime, transportation and the affordability of tickets. Amongst those who comment are journalists Luke Alfred and Robert Maraca, as well as Bafana Bafana coach Carlos Alberto Parreira. (Information from List of films in the African Studies Library; compiled by Bev Angus [online resource] http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/asl/info/films2010.pdf accessed 6 April 2010). Jacobson, Mandy. Getting ready: cultural artists. South Africa: Little Bird, 2008. Abstract: Loosely structured around a radio talk show hosted by John Perlman, this programme considers whether South Africa will be able to contribute a meaningful cultural component to the 2010 World Cup. The person linking all these sound bytes is Kenneth Nkosi, who meets with a variety of individuals from graffiti artists and musicians to a poet and two hip-hop crews. Some old-time Orlando Pirates supporters reminisce about the songs they used to sing and there is some speculation about a national soccer song that will unite everyone, with suggestions ranging from Shosholoza to Umshini wami. There is also some talk about the opening and closing ceremony, though there are no firm conclusions. (Information from List of films in the African Studies Library; compiled by Bev Angus [online resource] http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/asl/info/films2010.pdf accessed 6 April 2010). Jacobson, Mandy. Soccer songs. South Africa: Little Bird, 2007. Abstract: This documentary focuses on the No. 1 supporters of two rival soccer clubs and their efforts to use song to both motivate their teams and entertain the supporters. In rural Thohoyandou, Limpopo, David Skhumbuzo Madibane is the leader of the Black Leopards fans. Wearing a skirt, a bra and a wig, he is instantly recognizable and is a firm believer in going through all the rituals before a game. His counterpart in the Free State is Petrus Bishop Meni Motsieloa, who is totally devoted to Bloemfontein Celtics and has just brought out a CD of Celtic war songs. The film shows them preparing for a big clash between the two teams, which is to take place in Bloemfontein. In the

69 process it depicts the communities involvement in the game, with Skhumbuzo visiting elderly supporters who cannot come to the game and receiving their blessings, and Bishop telling of an occasion when they kidnapped a player of a rival team to persuade him to return to Celtics. Tragically, Bishop died unexpectedly a week after the filming was completed. (Information from List of films in the African Studies Library; compiled by Bev Angus [online resource] http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/asl/info/films2010.pdf accessed 6 April 2010). Kaplan, Mark J. Last line of defence. South Africa: Little Bird, 2007 Abstract: Farouk Abrahams is a former soccer player, a coach and the Cape Times soccer correspondent. He also runs an academy for aspiring young goalies, during which his charges are put through a tough training schedule over a period of time. He asks total commitment from the youngsters and this film, which is part of the Total soccer series, focuses on three individuals, namely Joshua (13), Mohammed-Zayn (13) and Sipho (17), who come from different parts of Cape Town. Initially they are part of a group of 60, of whom 14 are chosen for an advanced training camp, and in each case something is shown of their family background and their extraordinary dedication. All three have to cope with injuries, but in the end they are all chosen to play in a game against the Santos under-17 side. There is also some information about Abrahams own background in Manenberg and the way he gets the best out of his players. (Information from List of films in the African Studies Library; compiled by Bev Angus [online resource] http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/asl/info/films2010.pdf accessed 6 April 2010). Kelfkens, Darren/Sean Else. Long shot. [South Africa]: Lizani Smith, 2010. Abstract: Long shot is about a white boy, Jannie Blignaut, who struggled to fit into the accustomed world of rugby and cricket, because he couldnt catch a ball. When he also did not fit into the world of ballet, he felt he wasnt really good at anything. Then he coincidently ends up at soccer try-outs for the Platinum Stars soccer team he kicks the ball further than anyone else. The coach decides to keep him on the bench for a year as a development player. However, when a teammate gets injured right before the penalty shootout in the last game of the season, Jannie is asked to be one of the five players and he kicks the winning goal. This is a comedy which will appeal to young and

70 old. Although the film targets mostly soccer and overall sports fanatics, an underlying romantic love interest will draw a female crowd. (Synopsis and further details downloadable from Africas time has come, the online catalogue of the Gauteng Film Commission at http://www.gautengfilm.co.za/content/Catalogue_2010.pdf, 17 May 2010). Kumalo, Mzi, Marc Rowlston, Tumelo Moropa and Etienne Naude. My beautiful game. [South Africa]: Jason, Robin Welch, 2009-2010. Abstract: My beautiful game is the leading documentary series about African football. The show is distinct from weekly magazine shows and highlights programmes in that the objective is to explore African football within the broader historical, cultural and anthropological narratives of Africa. So, for example, an episode about football development in Africa will not simply profile the continents leading youth academies, but will also interrogate the social and economic realities in Africa that influence the nurturing of talent. The show covers stories across the entire African continent. Neither wanting to only look at certain popular football hotspots nor wanting to fall into the common trap of treating Africa as if it were one country, My beautiful game has a truly pan-African field of interest. There is a kaleidoscope of geography, politics and national characteristics as one traverses the continent from Cairo to Lagos to Cape Town. We are fascinated by this tremendous cultural diversity, with particular regard to how it influences football from region to region. The first season of the show covered an eclectic mix of topics, from the impact of war and genocide on the growth of African football to the ritualistic customs in which many African players participate. (Synopsis and further details downloadable from Africas time has come, the online catalogue of the Gauteng Film Commission at http://www.gautengfilm.co.za/content/Catalogue_2010.pdf, 17 May 2010). Mathaba, Asivhanxhi. Sollys story. South Africa: [s.n]., 2004. Part of the Success Stories Collection and Project 10: Real Stories from a Free SA series. Abstract: Solly was born into poverty in rural Venda. His parents are away a lot and he is brought up by his grandmother. He was the boy destined to fail, but today, in a country of new opportunities, Solly is the assistant coach of the under 17 national football team. Sollys story is told by a friend who wants to understand

71 how this young man has managed to succeed against the odds. His grandmother, however, continues to live in grinding poverty untouched by the fruits of a free South Africa. (Information from List of films in the African Studies Library; compiled by Bev Angus [online resource] http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/asl/info/films2010.pdf accessed 6 April 2010). Matthews, Kirsty. From 94 to 2010, a look at how sport can unify a nation. [South Africa]: Acacia Films, 2010. Abstract: The film follows the progression of the country since the 1995 Rugby World Cup, when the newly liberated South Africa emerged victorious on the rugby field. With the help of some Mandela magic, the country became united behind their president and behind their team, and the dreams of so many South Africans finally appeared possible. Now 16 years later, the jubilation from our victory long since tarnished, we find ourselves in a different country - no longer the united South Africa we became on that winters day in 1995 it seems we have drifted once more into a disparate land. Poverty is still pervasive, crime is still rampant, fear is still palpable, and for many, hope has all but disappeared. Can the 2010 Soccer World Cup (like the 1995 Rugby World Cup), unite the country once again? Will we work as one nation to overcome the problems still plaguing our beautiful land? (Synopsis and further details downloadable from Africas time has come, the online catalogue of the Gauteng Film Commission at http://www.gautengfilm.co.za/content/Catalogue_2010.pdf, 17 May 2010). Morgan, Jenny. In the heart of Soweto: once a pirate (part 4) (Director: Jenny Morgan; Producer: Andrew Bethell; Narrated by Janet Suzman). London: Double Exposure Productions for BBC TV, 1991. Abstract: Soccer is a favourite sport amongst South Africans. During the apartheid years, football came to mean so much more than just a game. It became a way of life. This concept is examined with reference to a specific team the Orlando Pirates. The vibrancy, dynamic images, creative songs and electrifying atmosphere characterises every game. (Information from List of films in the African Studies Library; compiled by Bev Angus [online resource] http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/asl/info/films2010.pdf accessed 6 April 2010).

72 Mqolomba, Nceba. In black and white: ezimnyama ngenkani. South Africa: Little Bird, 2008. Abstract: Popi Tladi (20) and Thinawanga Mavhunga (22) are totally devoted to their beloved Orlando Pirates. Both students at Boston City Campus in Johannesburg, they always dress in black and white and are not above missing class should it clash with an important club event. In this film they hear about the accidental death of Gift Leredi (1984-2007), a former Pirates player who left the club to join Mamelodi Sundowns. As far as Popi and Thina are concerned, he was still a Buccaneer and they attend his funeral and take a gift of blankets to his family. Finally they travel to Durban to attend a clash between Pirates and Sundowns, which Pirates lose 0-1. (Information from List of films in the African Studies Library; compiled by Bev Angus [online resource] http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/asl/info/films2010.pdf accessed 6 April 2010). Muller, Catherine. Pitch revolution. South Africa: Little Bird Company, 2006. Abstract: The first documentary in the Total soccer series is a twopart documentary on the history of the game in South Africa from the late 1960s up to 1980 and deals specifically with attempts to overcome the restrictions placed on the mixing of races on the football field. After FIFA had suspended South Africas membership in 1964, the government began a long process of tinkering with apartheid legislation to persuade the outside world that this ruling was unjustified. Nevertheless, a 1969 attempt to organize a match between the black club Orlando Pirates and the white team of Highlands Park in Swaziland was thwarted, while the introduction of so-called multi-national soccer, which allowed racially separate teams to play each other, turned out a disaster, basically because it encouraged racial friction. It was in 1976 that a multi-racial team was first allowed to play a visiting Argentinian side and a year later Vincent Julius became the first black player to play for a white club (Arcadia Shepherds). These and other topics and events, such as the founding of Kaiser Chiefs, the South African Games of 1973, the violent rivalry between clubs, the visit of Stanley Matthews and the role of politics are discussed by a range of people, including former players, coaches, soccer historians, sports writers and administrators, amongst them Peter Alegri, Kgalema Motlanthe, Patson Banda, Eddie Lewis and Norman Middleton. These interviews are intercut with archival and newsreel footage.

73 (Information from List of films in the African Studies Library; compiled by Bev Angus [online resource] http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/asl/info/films2010.pdf accessed 6 April 2010). Nale, Grant and Gerhard Mostert. Shooting stars: TV drama series. [South Africa: s.n.], 2009. Abstract: Shooting stars is an exciting 52-part drama series set in the world of South African soccer, charting the fortunes of a number of players and their club over three years leading up to the 2010 World Cup. The focus of the series is the Shooting Stars a club who we first encounter when they are relegated from the Premier Soccer League to the first Super League. The struggle of the club to return to their former glory becomes the backdrop to individual stories of hope, courage, camaraderie, temptation, success and failure. The story has been structured to be broadcast in three blocks. Each block follows the activities of the players and the club through a soccer season. The story arcs of the characters have been conceived to be told in these blocks and to deliver a complete and satisfying journey over the three years. (Synopsis and further details downloadable from Africas time has come, the online catalogue of the Gauteng Film Commission at http://www.gautengfilm.co.za/content/Catalogue_2010.pdf, 17 May 2010). Nhlapo, Dumisani Vusi. Um dlalo wempilo yami (a.k.a. The game of my life). [South Africa]: Janice Boris, Next Entertainment, 2010. Abstract: The game of my life (Um dlalo wempilo yami) revolves around Joe, a young soccer player living in a settlement, who thinks his dreams have come true when he comes face to face with a national soccer hero who takes an interest in his talent. Unfortunately, 8 years later, Joes circumstances have changed dramatically. He has been forced to take care of his two younger siblings following the sudden death of their parents, and his soccer dreams have been halted. But when the same soccer hero sends him a VIP ticket to the big game in Johannesburg, Joe becomes determined to get himself to the stadium and prove to his idol that he still has what it takes. Thus begins Joes journey to the big game, at times fraught with danger, at others landing him in the middle of surreal comic situations, and all the while teaching him valuable lessons about love, friendship, family, following your dreams, and ultimately, what lifes all about! (Synopsis and further details

74 downloadable from Africas time has come, the online catalogue of the Gauteng Film Commission at http://www.gautengfilm.co.za/content/Catalogue_2010.pdf, 17 May 2010). ODonaghue, Kyle. 1 Person 1 note. South Africa: Plexus Films for Little Bird, 2007. Abstract: The vuvuzela is a piece of plastic in the shape of a horn that has somehow been adopted as a traditional South African musical instrument. Many people just think of it as a noise-making nuisance that features most prominently at soccer matches. However, to musicologist Pedro Espi-Sanchis it has the possibility of being turned into an orchestra. This would involve each player or groups of players representing just one note, with all of them together forming a chord. To try this out, he and Thandi Swartbooi, head of the music group Women Unite, launched a vuvuzela orchestra. With a core group from Cape Town, they first flew to the Free State to work with the enthusiastic Bloemfontein Celtic fans, teaching 60 of them to play a number of songs in just five days. Thereafter the entire group travelled to play at Ellis Park where, in November 2007, Bafana Bafana took on the United States in a Nelson Mandela Challenge match. (Information from List of films in the African Studies Library; compiled by Bev Angushttp://www.lib.uct.ac.za/asl/info/films2010.pdf accessed 6 April 2010). ODonague, Kyle. Brass boys. South Africa: Plexus Films for Little Bird, 2007. Abstract: Formed in 2005, Young Brass Sounds is the official band of Ajax Cape Town, one of South Africas leading soccer clubs. Consisting largely of young people, they perform at all the games the club plays in Cape Town and, like all supporters, are convinced that their club will win as long as they are present. In this film this belief is strengthened when Ajax is due to play Silverstars in the Telkom Knockout in Pretoria. The bus that is to take the band to the Atteridgeville Stadium departs late and they are still 100 kilometres from Pretoria when the match ends, with Ajax losing 3-1. Their next big performance takes place sometime later, when their mother club, Ajax Amsterdam, comes to South Africa to meet Ajax Cape Town in a friendly at Athlone Stadium. They welcome the Dutch team at the airport and are there when the local team beats the visitors 3-1. All this is seen through the eyes of two families, the Domingos of Grassy

75 Park and the Kassims of Woodstock, who are very much involved in YBS. Living in areas that are plagued by gangsterism, the band offers youngsters a healthy alternative and they respond with much enthusiasm. (Information from List of films in the African Studies Library; compiled by Bev Angus http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/asl/info/films2010.pdf accessed 6 April 2010). Parr, John. Beauty and the beasts. South Africa: Little Bird, 2007. Abstract: In October/November 2006, South Africas womens soccer team, Banyana Banyana, travelled to Nigeria to play in t he 5th African Womens Championship. This documentary starts some time before that, as the players prepare themselves for the competition. Besides covering most of the games in which they played (beating Algeria and Equatorial Guinea, losing to Nigeria and Ghana), one gets to know some of the individual players, including captain Portia Modise and rising star Bongiwe Radebe, with additional comments from coach Augustine Makalakalane and manager Fran Hilton-Smith. There is also quite a lot of local colour, with many frustrations provided courtesy of the Nigerian organizers, who are not above pulling some doubtful tricks, such as basing the South African team in Delta State, where they could only move about with an armed escort and had to drive two hours to where they could practice. (Information from List of films in the African Studies Library; compiled by Bev Angus http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/asl/info/films2010.pdf accessed 6 April 2010). Parr, John. Real deal: Mike Makaab and the soccer agent business. South Africa: Little Bird, 2008. Abstract: Some soccer players think of agents as a necessary evil, while others regard them as a tool on the road to riches. Since Bafana Bafana won the African Nations Cup in 1996, they have begun to play a major role and one of the most influential is Mike Makaab. A former player, coach and now players representative, Durban-based Makaab is a major figure in South African soccer. In this film he talks about what has made agents indispensible in what is, after all, a business, and reflects on issues such as assessing the market value of a player, having knowledgeable agents, setting realistic fees and, above all, having a sound relationship with the people you represent. (Information from List of films in the African

76

Studies Library; compiled by Bev Angus

http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/asl/info/films2010.pdf accessed 6 April 2010).

Parr, John. Smarty pants: the story of 2010 hopeful Bally Smart. South Africa: Little Bird, 2008. Abstract: Mapidima Bally Smart has an English father and a South African mother. Born in Polokwane, he moved with his parents to Norwich, where he joined the Norwich City Football Club in 2005. To allow him to gain further experience, they lent him for a few months to MK Dons FC. He has also played for the South African under-20 team and is regarded as one of the most promising hopefuls for 2010. This film visits him in England, where the filmmakers talk to him, his parents and an assortment of owners, managers and coaches. Though he would be eligible to play for either England or South Africa, Bally regards himself as South African and would prefer Bafana Bafana. (Since the film was completed he has moved to Kerkyra FC in Greece.). (Information from List of films in the African Studies Library ; compiled by Bev Angus [online resource] http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/asl/info/films2010.pdf accessed 6 April 2010). Orlando Pirates (Soccer team), Highlands Park (Soccer team), and South African Broadcasting Corporation. BP Top 8 Orlando Pirates Vs Highlands Park 1983. Auckland Park: SABC, 2006. Roodt, Darrell J. Ace. South Africa: Liberation Entertainment, 2010. Abstract: 1970s South Africa, the country is in the throes of angry resistance to the apartheid government, Patrice ACE Ntsoelengoe is a teenager, struggling to survive in the grinding poverty of the townships of western Johannesburg. Blessed with a unique gift and talent with a soccer ball, he quickly dribbles and scores his way up the ranks, to emerge as South Africas finest player. His journey takes him across the continent, to fame and fortune in America, where he is inducted into the hall of fame, along the worlds greatest, Pele. His life inspired millions, but he died a premature death on the eve of South Africas successful bid to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup. In his own way, and through the medium of sport, ACE became our biggest star and one of the continents foremost heroes. The film will reveal the highs and lows of an extraordinary life, told as an epic musical extravaganza, showing South Africas finest artistic talent. (Synopsis and further details

77 downloadable from Africas time has come, the online catalogue of the Gauteng Film Commission at http://www.gautengfilm.co.za/content/Catalogue_2010.pdf, 17 May 2010). Schmitt, Maggie, et al. Rethinking the field: gender, sport & development in South Africa. S.l: s.n.], 2008. Abstract: Documentary of HIV/AIDS education of young people, especially women, in South Africa through soccer programs. Discusses the Grassroot soccer program and its collaboration with Goals for Girls Program. Singh, Anant and Helena Spring. More than just a game [Motion picture]. Abstract: Told through the stories of five former prisoners, this is the story of political activists sent to Robben Island in the 1960s who rise above their incarceration by creating a football league and finding an outlet for their passion and commitment to discipline through the Beautiful Game. Abstract from the More than just a game website
http://www.morethanjustagame.co.za/downloads/MTJAG_presskit.pdf

(accessed 10 May 2010).

Soccer, greatest moments: the South African saga. Abstract: Documentary

looking at the history of soccer in South Africa which had its beginnings as early as the 1880s during the diamond and gold rushes. This film covers the time period from 1888-1990s and deals with many important events and personalities in South African soccer. (Information from List of films in the African Studies Library; compiled by Bev Angus [online resource] http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/asl/info/films2010.pdf accessed 6 April 2010).

Soccer Mama. Foreign Correspondent. Sydney, N.S.W.: ABC, 2002. Abstract: Reports from Durban, South Africa, on a new soccer club which owes its existence to an enthusiastic pensioner's harnessing of the talents of a wayward group of youths dogged by deprivation and discrimination. South African Broadcasting Corporation. Mandella [Sic] Challenge 1996 South Africa Vs Brazil. Auckland Park: SABC, 2006.

78 South African Broadcasting Corporation. Soccer, greatest moments: the South African saga. [Auckland Park, Johannesburg]: SABC, 1990. 1 videocassette (118 min.): sd., col. with b&w sequences. Abstract: A documentary looking at the history of soccer in South Africa, from the 1930s to the 1990s. Tanner, Craig, Michael Cross, and Mike Cooper. Fahrenheit 2010. [Thames Ditton, England]: Levitation Films; Journeyman Pictures [distributor], 2010. Abstract: "This uncompromising investigation asks what the World Cup really means for South Africans. Who actually stands to benefit from the millions of dollars invested? And what will South Africa be left with after the trophy is lifted and the applause dies down?" (Information from Journeyman Pictures
http://www.journeyman.tv/60150/documentaries/fahrenheit-2010.html, accessed 17 May 2010).

Wege, Tim. How funky is your chicken? How big is your kabutza? South Africa. Plexus Films for Little Bird, 2007. Abstract: Soccer for Hope is an NGO that uses the attraction of soccer to bring its message concerning HIV and AIDS to children out in the townships of Khayelitsha. This film focuses on four of its All Stars Wewe, Rogerio, Lele and Bev and follows them as they embark on their various projects, which range from visiting schools such as Masiphumelele Primary and organizing street tournaments, to training volunteers to take the message to other disadvantaged areas. Through involving the youngsters in soccer games, they aim to teach them life skills, emphasizing that whatever their circumstances, they always have a choice when it comes to positive or negative behaviour. (Information from List of films in the African Studies Library; compiled by Bev Angus [online resource] http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/asl/info/films2010.pdf accessed 6 April 2010). Wren, Demetrius and Christina Ghubril. Streetball: Homeless World Cup. South Africa: From us with love, 2009. Abstract: The story of Streetball, a documentary on South Africas 2008 2009 Homeless World Cup Teams. In Cape Town, there are two realities. Sixteen years after the end of apartheid, South Africa prepares to host the FIFA World Cup and the country is ripe with celebration. New hot

79 spots, airports and stadiums were built to welcome travelers from around the world. However, there remains a generation that lives in extreme poverty, with many youth falling into lives of violence, drugs and abuse. Streetball is a fast paced documentary that tells the stories of South Africas 2008 Homeless World Cup team. The Homeless World Cup is an annual soccer tournament that draws teams from over 56 countriescomprised of homeless and the excluded. The SA Squad consists of ex-convicts, former gangsters, orphans and recovering drug addicts that band together to represent their country, proving that no one is beyond redemption. Streetball is a story of hope and of the resilience that dwells within the human spirit. But while these mens dreams are simply to have a home and to be recognized as people who need care, often times the realization of those dreams is accompanied by a sobering reality. (Abstract from http://www.streetballfilm.com/tag/homeless-world-cup, accessed 1 April 2010). Zalk, Naashon. Drogba fever. South Africa: Little Bird Company, 2007. Abstract: This documentary deals with the great Didier Drogba, who comes from the Ivory Coast, but plays for Chelsea and was named the Best African Player in 2006. In his home country he is a national hero, not only because of his skills as a soccer player, but also because he brought the north and the south together when a northern rebellion against the central government broke out. In the film Parfait Kouassi travels from Abidjan to the rebel capital, Bouake, and on to Drognas home village, Niaprahio, to discover what he means to his countrymen. His image is all over and the film touches upon everything, from fan clubs and look-alikes to beer and music, not to mention the homes he built for his family and neighbours and the hopefuls who want to follow in his footsteps. (Information from List of films in the African Studies Library; compiled by Bev Angus [online resource] http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/asl/info/films2010.pdf accessed 6 April 2010). Zalk, Naashon. Muti Football Club. South Africa: Little Bird Company, 2007. Abstract: It is said that muti is employed on all levels of South African soccer, though the big clubs will not readily admit to it. Vivian Mpotshane, the owner of Silver Pool FC in rural KwaZulu/Natal, has no such qualms. Prior to a match against Real Rovers, he goes off to

80 consult his regular inyanga and to collect the muti that he believes will give his players the edge. The traditional healer provides him with a range of ingredients, which Mpotshane mixes the night before. There are also a few additional instructions the players may not sleep with a woman and they must all attend muti camp. On the night of the camp, a crucial ingredient a monkey hand goes missing, but the next day it has turned up. Bobby Mokwena, the owner of Real Rovers, claims that he doesnt believe in muti and the match itself ends in a 0-0 draw. (Information from List of films in the African Studies Library; compiled by Bev Angus [online resource] http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/asl/info/films2010.pdf accessed 6 April 2010)

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ARTWORKS
Dumas, Marlene. World Cup SA 2010, 2009. [Germany]: 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa, 2009. 2-D image: Graphic. Abstract: Painting of a mans face with his eyes closed, as a homage to the emotions of the footballer that show through the expression of the face. Beneath the portrait are three pieces of paper, one with "SA", the other with "2010" and the third showing a soccer ball. The 2010 FIFA World Cup logo is featured in the lower left hand corner. Eastman, Peter. Stadium, 2009. [Germany]: 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa, 2009. 2-D image: Graphic. Abstract: Painting of an urban area at night under a purple sky, with buildings with some windows lit. In the background there is a road on the left with street lights, and the upper part and the lights of a stadium structure. 2010 FIFA World Cup logo appears in the bottom left. Hassan, Kay. Swanker ball, 2009. [Germany]: 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa, 2009. 2-D image: Graphic. Abstract: Painting or retouched photograph of an African man in front of a white brick wall. Dressed in a business attire, wearing glasses and a black and white hat, holding his jacket in his right arm, he is kicking a soccer ball. 2010 FIFA World Cup logo appears in the bottom left. Kentridge, William. Bicycle Kick, 2009. [Germany]: 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa, 2009. 2-D image: Graphic. Abstract: Stack of cuttings from city maps, manuscripts and books, over which appear red pencil marks, and a marker drawings of two soccer goals, a bench, and a character kicking a ball. Artist's name is handwritten on the upper right. 2010 FIFA World Cup logo appears in the bottom left. Mehretu, Julie. Stadia II, 2004. [Germany]: 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa, 2009. 2-D image: Graphic. Abstract: Geometric plane filled with straight and curved lines, dots, shapes, ink marks and splashing, and pennant streamers. The upper part shows geometric shapes suggesting national flags of different countries. 2010 FIFA World Cup logo appears in the bottom left.

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Musa, Hassan. The good game, 2008. [Germany]: 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa, 2009. 2-D image: Graphic. Abstract: Made of pieces of cloth textile sewn against a blue background, this is a representation of the biblical scene of Jacob, wearing a soccer jersey with the number 10 on his back, battling with an archangel. The ball is decorated with fish, bananas and other fruits. 2010 FIFA World Cup logo appears in the bottom left. Vorster, Andre and Kate Abramovitz. On top of the world. Art exhibition. Cape Town: Green Point Stadium Visitors Centre, [2009?] Website: www.ontopoftheworld.co.za (accessed 10 May 2010). Abstract: On top of the world is a celebration of Cape Town: our unique, multi-cultural, incredibly beautiful, ever-changing, yet always familiar Mother City. Its a way to express the energy that is Cape Town as we prepare to host the world for what is arguably its biggest and most captivating global spectacle - The World Cup. (Information drawn from the brochure, 6 April 2010). Andre Vorster: Concept originator and director. Kate Abramovitz: Collaborator and co-director.