ATENEO DE MANILA UNIVERSITY

School of Law
Rockwell, Makati City
Evidence

Third Year

Prof. Rogelio A. Vinluan

COURSE SYLLABUS
(2009-2010 Edition)
I.

Admissibility of Evidence
A.

Rule 128, secs. 1-4

1.
2.

B.

Sections 3 & 4, Rule 128

Bautista v. Aperece
Lopez v. Heesen
State v. Ball

51 O.G. 805 (1995)

365 P.2d 448 (1961)
339 S.W2d 783 (1960)

Competence:
1.

Section 3, Rule 128.

2.

Exclusionary Rules Under the 1987 Constitution, e.g.,

(a)
(b)
(c)

3.

Sections 2 and 3, Art. III

Section 12, Art. III
Section 17, Art. III

Statutory Rules of Exclusion, e.g.,

(a)
(b)
(c)

Section 201, Tax Reform Act of 1997

R.A. 1405, Law on Secrecy of Bank Deposits
R.A. 4200, otherwise known as the
Wiretapping Act
i)
ii)
iii)

II.

216 SCRA 25 (1993)

337 SCRA 714 (2000)

Relevance:
1.
2.
3.
4.

C.

Reyes v. Court of Appeals

People v. Turco

Ganaan v. IAC
145 SCRA 112 (1986)
Salcedo-Ortaez v.
Court of Appeals
235 SCRA 111 (1994)
Ramirez v. CA
248 SCRA 590 (1995)

What Need Not Be Proved

A.

Rule 129, Secs. 1-4; Rule 10, Sec. 8

B.

Cases:

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1.

Judicial Notice
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)

2.

Judicial Admissions
(a)
(b)

III.

A.

Rule 130; Sec. 1; Sec. 2

B.

Cases:

27 Phil. 48 (1914)
131 SCRA 24 (1984)

People v. Bardaje
Sison v. People
Adamczuk v. Holloway
State v. Tatum

99 SCRA 388 (1980)

250 SCRA 58 (1995)
13 A.2d 2 (1940)
360 P.2d 754 (1961)

Best Evidence Rule

A.

Rule 130, Secs. 2-8; Rule 132, Secs. 25 and 27; Electronic Commerce Act (R.A. 8792),
Secs. 5, 6-15; Rules on Electronic Evidence ("REE"),Rule 2, Sec.1; Rule 3; Rule 4.

B.

Cases:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

V.

Lucido v. Calupitan
Torres v. CA

Real and Demonstrative Evidence

1.
2.
3.
4.
IV.

City of Manila v. Garcia

19
SCRA
413
(1967)
Baguio vs. Vda. de Jalagat 42
SCRA
337
(1971)
Prieto v. Arroyo
14 SCRA 549 (1965)
Yao-Kee v. Sy-Gonzales
167 SCRA 736 (1988)
Tabuena v. CA
196 SCRA 650 (1991)
People v. Godoy
250 SCRA 676 (1995)
BPI-Savings v. CTA
330 SCRA 507 (2000)

Air France v. Carrascoso

18 SCRA 155 1966)
Meyers v. United States
171 F.2d 800 (1948)
People v. Tan
105 Phil. 1242 (1959)
Seiler v. Lucas Film, Ltd.
797 F.2d 1504 (1986)
People vs. Tandoy
192 SCRA 98 (1990)
U.S. v. Gregorio
17 Phil. 522 (1910)
Fiscal of Pampanga v. Reyes
55 Phil 905 (1931)
Vda. de Corpus v. Brabangco (C.A.)
59 O.G. 8262 (1963)
Compania Maritima v. Allied
Free Workers
77 SCRA 24 (1977)
Villa Rey Transit v. Ferrer
25 SCRA 845 (1968)
Michael & Co.
v. Enriquez
33 Phil. 87 (1915)
De Vera v. Aguilar
218 SCRA 602 (1983)

Parole Evidence Rule

A.

Rule 130, Sec. 9; Art. 1403, Civil Code.

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B.

Cases:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

VI.

Interpretation of Documents
A.

Rule 130, Secs. 10-19; Arts. 1370-1379, Civil Code

B.

Cases:
(a)
(b)

VII.

Lambert v. Fox
Capital Insurance v. Sadang

26 Phil. 588 (1914)

21 SCRA 1183 (1967)

Qualifications of Witnesses
A.

Mental Incapacity or Immaturity

1.
2.
3.
4.

B.

C.

Rule 130, Secs. 20 & 21

People v. De Jesus
People v. Salomon
People v. Mendoza

129 SCRA 4 (1984)

229 SCRA 402 (1993)
G.R. No. 113791, Feb. 2, 1996

Marital Disqualification
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

Rule 130, Section 22

Ordoo v. Daquigan
People v. Castaeda
People v. Francisco
Lezama v. Rodriguez

62
88
78
23

(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)

Rule 130, Section 23

Guerrero v. St. Claire's
Realty & Co.
Abraham v. Recto-Kasten
Goi v. CA
Tongco v. Vianzon
Lichauco v. Atlantic
Gulf
Razon v. IAC

124 SCRA 553 (1983)

4 SCRA 298 (1962)
144 SCRA 222 (1986)
50 Phil. 698 (1927)
84 Phil. 330 (1949)
207 SCRA 234 (1992)

Privileged Communications
A.

SCRA 270 (1975)

SCRA 562 (1979)
Phil. 694 (1947)
SCRA 1166 (1968)

Dead Man's Statute

(1)
(2)

VIII.

Enriquez v. Ramos
6 SCRA 219 (1962)
Canuto v. Mariano
37 Phil. 840 (1918)
Yu Tek v. Gonzales
29 Phil. 384 (1915)
Land Settlement & Dev. Corp vs.
Garcia Plantation
7 SCRA 750 (1963)
Maulini v. Serrano
28 Phil. 640 (1914)
PNB v. Seeto
91 Phil. 756 (1952)
Woodhouse v. Halili
93 Phil. 526 (1953)
Robles v. Lizarraga Cruz
50 Phil. 387 (1927)
Cruz v. Court of Appeals
192 SCRA 209 (1990)
Lechugas v. CA
143 SCRA 335 (1986)
Inciong v. CA
257 SCRA 578 (1996)
Ortaez v. CA
266 SCRA 561 (1997)

Marital Communications

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(a)
(b)

Rule 130, Sec. 24(a)

People v. Carlos

47 Phil. 626 (1925)

B. Attorney-Client Privilege
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)

Rule 130, Section 24(b)

Uy Chico v. Union Life
Regala v. Sandiganbayan
Barton v. Leyte Asphalt
and Mineral Oil Co.
Orient Insurance v. Revilla
Hickman v. Taylor
Upjohn Company v. U.S.
In re Grand Jury Investigation
U.S. v. McPartlin
U.S. v. Gordon-Nikkar
U.S. vs. Nobles
People vs. Sandiganbayan

29 Phil. 163 (1915)

262 SCRA 124 (1996)
46 Phil. 938 (1924)
54 Phil. 919 (1930)
329 U.S. 495 (1947)
449 U.S. 383 (1981)
732 F.2d 447 (1983)
595 F.2d 1321 (7th Cir. 1979)
518 F.2d 972 (5th Cir. 1975)
422 US 225 (1975)
275 SCRA 505 (1997)

C. Physician-Patient Privilege
(1)
(2)
(3)

Rule 130, Section 24 (c)

Lim v. Court of Appeals
Krohn v. Court of Appeals

214 SCRA 273 (1992)

233 SCRA 146 (1994)

D. State Secrets
(1)
(2)
(3)

Rule 130, Section 24 (e)

U.S. v. Nixon
(A.B.)
418 U.S. 683 (1974)
Banco Filipino v. Monetary Board 142 SCRA 523 (1986)

E. Parental & Filial Privilege

(1)
(2)

Rule 130, Section 25; Art. 215, Civil Code

People v. Publico
17 CAR (2s) 703 (1972)

F. Newsman's Privilege
(1)
(2)
IX.

R.A. 53, as amended by R.A. 1477

Matter of Farber (A.B.)
394 A.2d 330 (1978)

Admissions and Confessions

A.

Admissions Against Interest

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)

B.

Rule 130, Sections 26 & 32

Viacrucis v. CA
Keller & Co. v. COB
People v. Paragsa
People v. Alegre
Griffin v. California

44 SCRA 176 (1972)

141 SCRA 86 (1986)
84 SCRA 105 (1978)
94 SCRA 109 (1979)
380 U.S. 853 (1965)

Compromises
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Rule 130, Section 27

Veradero vs. Insular Lumber
U.S. v. Torres
People v. Godoy

46 Phil. 176 (1924)

34 Phil. 994 (1916)
250 SCRA 676 (1995)

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(e)
(f)
(g)

People v. De Guzman
People v. Yparriguirre
People v. Maqui

265 SCRA 228 (1996)

268 SCRA 35 (1997)
27 Phil. 97 (1914)

C. Res Inter Alios Acta

(a)
(b)
(c)
D.

Rule 130, Section 28

People v. Alegre
People v. Raquel

Exceptions to the Res Inter Alios Acta Rule

1.

Partner's/Agent's Admissions
(a)

2.

3.

588 F.2d 626 (8th Cir. 198)

Rule 130, Section 30

People v. Cabrera
People v. Yatco
People v. Chaw Yaw Shun
People v. Serrano

57 SCRA 715 (1974)

97 Phil. 941 (1955)
23 SCRA 127 (1968)
105 Phil. 531 (1959)

Admission By Privies
(a)
(b)
(c)

Rule 130, Section 31

Alpuerto v. Pastor
38 Phil. 785 (1918)
City of Manila v. Del Rosario
5 Phil. 227 (1905)

Confessions
1.

Art. III, Section 17, 1987 Constitution; Rule 130, Section 33;
Rule 115(e).

2.

Cases:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)

X.

Rule 130, Section 28

Mahlandt v. Wild Canid
Survival & Research Center

Co-conspirator's Statements
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

E.

94 SCRA 109 (1979)

265 SCRA 248 (1996)

People v. Compil
244 SCRA 135 (1995)
People v. Wong Chuen Ming
256 SCRA 182 (1996)
People v. Alegre
94 SCRA 109 (1979)
People v. Yip Wai Ming
264 SCRA 224 (1996)
People v. Maqueda
242 SCRA 565 (1995)
Parker v. Randolph
442 U.S. 62 (1979)

Conduct and Character As Evidence

A.

Rule 130, Secs. 34-35; 51; Rule 132, Section 14.

B.

Cases:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

U.S. v. Pineda
People vs. Irang
People v. Soliman
People v. Babiera
U.S. v. Mercado

64
53
52
26

Page 5

37 Phil. 457 (1918)

Phil. 285 (1937)
O.G. 8083 (1957)
Phil. 97 (1928)
Phil. 127 (1913)

Page 6

XI.

Hearsay Rule

A.

Testimonial Knowledge
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
B.

Rule 130, Sec. 36

People v. Brioso
People v. Cusi
People v. Gaddi
Leake v. Hagert
U.S. v. Zenni

37 SCRA 336 (1971)

14 SCRA 944 (1965)
170 SCRA 649 (1989)
175 N.W.2d 675 (1970)
492 F. Supp. 464 (1980)

Exceptions:
1.

Dying Declaration
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

2.

20 SCRA 742 (1967)

201 SCRA 37 (1991)
276 SCRA 582 (1997)

Rule 130, Section 40

Ferrer v. de Ynchausti

38 Phil. 905 (1918)

Rule 130, Section 41

Ferrer vs. De Ichausti
38 Phil 905 (1918)
(c)
City of Manila v. Del Rosario
5 Phil 227(1905)

Res Gestae
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

7.

Rule 130, Section 39

Gravador v. Mamigo
People v. Alegado
Tison v. CA

Common Reputation
(a)
(b)

6.

96 SCRA 472 (1980)

51 Phil. 825 (1928)
253 SCRA 430 (1996)

Family Tradition
(a)
(b)

5.

Rule 130, Section 38

People v. Majuri
People v. Toledo
Fuentes v. CA

Pedigree
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

4.

135 SCRA 91 (1985)

102 SCRA 218 (1981)
G.R. No. L-115690, Feb. 20, 1996

Declaration Against Interest

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

3.

Rule 130, Section 37

People v. Laquinon
People v. Sabio
People v. Salison

Rule 130, Section 42

People v. Lungayan
People v. Putian
People v. Tolentino

162 SCRA 100 (1988)

74 SCRA 133 (1976)
218 SCRA 337 (1993)

Entries in the Course of Business

(a)
(b)
(c)

Rule 130, Section 42

Palmer v. Hoffman
Philamlife v. Capital
Assurance Corp.

318 U.S. 109 (1943)

(CA) 72 O.G. 3941

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8.

Official Records
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)

9.

99 Phil. 729 (1956)

217 SCRA 675 (1993)
G.R. No. L-107735, Feb. 1, 1996

Rule 130, Section 45

State v. Lungsford
PNOC Shipping v. CA
Estrada vs. Noble [C.A.]

400 A.2d 843 (1979)

299 SCRA 402 (1999)
49 O.G. 139

Learned Treatises
(a)

11.

16 SCRA 448 (1966)

117 SCRA 382 (1982)

Commercial Lists
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

10.

Rule 130, Section 44

Caltex v. Africa
People v. Leones
Manalo v. Robles
Trans. Co., Inc.
People v. Cabuang
People v. Gabriel

Rule 130, Section 46

Prior Testimony
(a)
(b)
(c)

Rule 130, Section 47

Tan v. CA
Ohio v. Roberts

20 SCRA 54 (1967)
448 U.S. 56 (1980)

XII. Opinion Rule

A. Rule 130, Secs. 48-50.
B. Cases:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
XIII.

Dilag & Co. v. Merced

U.S. v. Trono
People v. Adoviso
State v. Garver
U.S. v. Stifel
Daubert v. Merrell Dow
Pharmaceuticals
United States v. Bonds

45 O.G. 5536 (1949)

3 Phil. 213 (1904)
309 SCRA 1 (1999)
225 P.2d 771 (1950)
433 F.2d 431 (6th Cir. 1970)
113 S. Ct. 2786 (1993)
12 F.3d 540 (1993)

Burden of Proof and Presumptions

A.

Rule 131, Secs. 1-4.

B.

Cases:
1.

Civil Cases
(a)
(b)

Pornellosa v. LTA
IFC v. Tobias

L-14040, Jan. 31, 1986

78 SCRA 28 (1977)

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2.

Criminal Cases
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

3.

People v. Pajenado
U.S. v. Dube
People v. Verzola
Patterson v. New York

31 SCRA 812 (1970)

520 F.2d 250 (1st Cir. 1975)
80 SCRA 600 (1977)
432 U.S. 19 (1977)

Presumptions
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)

Pascual v. Angeles
Ormachea v. Trillana
People v. Padiernos
Yee Hem v. United States
County Court of Ulster
v. Allen
Sandstrom vs. Montana

4 Phil. 604 (1905)

13 Phil. 194 (1909)
69 SCRA 484 (1976)
268 U.S. 178 (1925)
City
442 U.S. 140 (1979)
442 U.S. 510 (1979)

XIV. Presentation of Evidence

A.

Examination of Witnesses
(Rule 132, Secs. 1-18)

B.

Rule on Examination of A Child Witness

C.

REE, Rule 10
1.

Examination in Open Court

a.
b.

2.

149 P2d 152 (1944)

Becker v. Eisenstodt

158 A.2d 706 (1960)

Cross-Examination
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

5.

State v. Scott

Impeaching One's Own Witness

a.

4.

72 SCRA 428 (1976)

138 SCRA 294 (1985)

Leading Questions
a.

3.

People v. Estenzo
Galman v. Pamaran

Dela Paz v. IAC

Fulgado v. CA
Capital Subdivision v.
Negros Occiental
U.S. v. Mercado
U.S. v. Marshall

154 SCRA 65 (1987)

182 SCRA 81 (1982)
52 O.G. 4672 (1956)
26 Phil. 127 (1913)
762 F.2d 419 (5th Cir. 1985)

Impeachment By Bias
a.

U.S. v. Abel

469 U.S. 45 (1984)

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b.
6.

547 F.2d 720 (2d Cir.1976)

Impeachment By Prior Inconsistent Statement

a.
b.
c.

7.

U.S. v. Harvey

Villalon v. IAC
People v. Resabal
U.S. v. Webster

144 SCRA 443 (1986)

50 Phil. 780 (1927)
734 F.2d 1191 (7th Cir. 1984)

Impeachment By Other Means

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

U.S. v. Mercado
20 Phil. 127 (1913)
Mosley v. Commonwealth
420 SW2d 679 (1967)
Coles v. Harsh
276 P. 248 (1929)
U.S. v. Medical Therapy
Services
583 F.2d 36 (2d Cir. 1978)
Newton v. State
127 A. 123 (Md. 1924)
State v. Oswalt
381 P. 2d 617 (1963)

8. Refreshing Recollection
a.
9.

c.

People v. Del Castillo

Victorias Milling Co.,
Inc. Ong Su
People v. Rivera

25 SCRA 716 (1968)

79 SCRA 207 (1977)
200 SCRA 786 (1991)

Exclusion of Witnesses
a.
b.

B.

319 S.E.2d 177 (1984)

Recalling Witnesses
a.
b.

10.

State v. Peoples

People v. Sandal
State v. Bishop

54 Phil. 883 (1930)

492 P2d 509 (1972)

Authentication and Proof of Documents

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

Rule 132, Secs. 19-33; E-Commerce Act, Secs. 5, 6-15; REE, Rules 5, 6, 9 & 11.
Bunag v. CA
158 SCRA 299 (1988)
Heirs of Lacsa v. CA
197 SCRA 234 (1991)
Bartolome v. IAC
183 SCRA 102 (1990)
Pacific Asia Overseas
Shipping Corp. v. NLRC
161 SCRA 122 (1988)
Zalamea v. Court of Appeals
228 SCRA 23 (1993)
People v. Monleon
74 SCRA 263 (1976)
Salison v. People
253 SCRA 758 (1996)
People vs. Lazaro
317 SCRA 435 (1999)
People v. Burgos
200 SCRA 67 (1991)
IBM Phils., Inc. v. NLRC
305 SCRA 592 (1999)
U.S. vs. Russo,
480 F.2d 1228 (6th Cir. 1973)
U.S. vs. Croft
750 F.2d 1354 (CA Wis. 1984)
U.S. vs. Weatherspoon
581 F.2d 595 (7th Cir. 1978)
Perma Research vs. Singer Co., 542 F.2d 111 (2nd Cir. 1976)

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C.

Offer and Objection

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

XV.

Rule 132, Secs. 34-40

People v. Cario
165 SCRA 664 (1988)
Interpacific Transit v. Aviles
186 SCRA 385 (1990)
De los Reyes v. IAC
176 SCRA 394 (1989)
People v. Yatco
97 Phil. 940 (1955)
PHILAMGEN v. Sweet
Lines, Inc.
212 SCRA 194 (1992)
Catuira v. CA
G.R. No. 105813, Sept. 12, 1994
Sheraton Palace v. Quijano (C.A.)
64 O.G. 9116
Vda. de Oate v. Court of Appeals
250 SCRA 283 (1995)

Weight & Sufficiency of Evidence

A.

Rule 133, Secs. 1-7

B.

REE, Rule 7

C.

Cases:
1.
2.
3.
4.

U.S. v. Lasada
People. v. Abendan
People v. Solayao
People v. Lorenzo

18 Phil. 90 (1910)
82 Phil. 711 (1948)
262 SCRA 255 (1996)
240 SCRA 624 (1995)

Ref:ateneo\evidencesyllabus2009-2010

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