2nd Jogja International Physics Conference Enhancing Network and Collaboration Developing Research and Education in Physics and

Nuclear Energy September 6-9, 2007, Yogyakarta-Indonesia

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE The Advisors board

Prof. Ir. Y. Sardjono (P3TM-Indonesia) Prof. Dr. Shoichi Kai (Kyushu University-Japan) Prof. Dr. Muhamad Mat Salleh (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia) Prof. Suparwoto (UNY-Indonesia) Prof. Dr. Kusminarto (UGM-Indonesia) Dr. Kamsul Abraha (UGM-Indonesia) Dr. Jazi Eko Istianyanto (UGM-Indonesia)

The Technical Program Committee

Chairperson : Dr. Sismanto Secretary : Dr. Mirza Satriawan Edi Hartantyo, M.Si Treasurer : Dra. Chotimah, M.S. Ilona Usuman, M.Kom Programs : Dr. Kuwat Triyana Dr. Yusril Yusuf Harsojo, M.Sc. Agus Supriyanto, M.Si (UNS) Ari Dwi Nugraheni, S.Si Ahmad Kusumaatmaja, S.Si Scientific Program : Dr. Karyono Dr. M.F. Rosyid Dr. Kamsul Abraha Dr. Ahmad Ashari Publication : Eko Sulistyo, M.Si Mitrayana, M.Si Documentation and Acomodation : Dr. Ari Setiawan R. Sumiharto, M.Kom M. Ikhsan, M.Si Exhibition: Fachrudin Nugroho, M.Si

2nd Jogja International Physics Conference Enhancing Network and Collaboration Developing Research and Education in Physics and Nuclear Energy September 6-9, 2007, Yogyakarta-Indonesia

Foreword
On behalf of the organizer of the 2nd Jogja International Physics Conference, I would like to give our sincere gratitude to all the participant of the conference. I would like to give our deepest appreciation and gratitude to all of keynote speakers of this conference, namely Ir. Sukarman Aminjoyo, APU (BAPETEN), Dr. Baek Jong-Bok (Korea Hidro and Nuclear Power Co. Ltd.), Prof. Ren-Tai Chiang (Univ. Of Florida and GE Energy USA), Prof. Dr. Muhammad Mat Salleh (Univ. Kebangsaan Malaysia), Prof. Yoshitsugo Tomokiyo (Kyushu Univ. Japan), Dr. Harini Sosiati (Kyushu Univ. Japan), Dr. Yoshiki Hidaka (Kyushu Univ. Japan), Dr. Yusril Yusuf (Gadjah Mada Univ.). The second Jogja International Physics Conference is the second conference organized by the Physics Department Gadjah Mada University continuing, previously was called, the 1st Jogja Regional Physics Conference 2004. This conference is aimed for promoting, developing, and disseminating interdisciplinary research from many different fields of physics, for the betterment of human lives. The conference was intended as a forum for the physicist from different branches of physics, and different countries, especially from the Asian and surrounding region, to meet and discuss, developing research and collaboration. It is also intended as a forum for dissemination of the latest research results from many different fields of physics. As Indonesia is currently planning developing its first power plant nuclear reactor, we also hope to enhance understanding of the current result in the nuclear reactor theory and technology. The theme of the conference is Enhancing Network and Collaboration Developing Research and Education in Physics and Nuclear Energy. The topics covered in this conference are from very broad spectrum of Physics, such as Nuclear Energy, Atomic Physics, Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Computational Physics, Nanotechnology, Material Science, Geophysics, Electronics Instrumentation, Bio and Medical Physics, and Educational Physics. In this conference there are 8 papers in the panel session, presented by eigth invited speaker in two days. For the parallel session there are 63 papers to be presented in the conference. The presented papers consist of Nuclear Energy and Atomic Physics 8 papers, Theoretical and Mathematical Physics 8 papers Computational Physics 9 papers, Nanotechnology 5 papers, Material Science 6 papers, Geophysics 10 papers, Electronics and Instrumentation 17 papers. The committees have worked in arranging the program for the benefit of the paticipants. The committee hopes that this conference could enrich, enhance the physics knowlegde, and served as a forum for individuals to meet and discuss the physics current issues. We sincerely appreciate the support and encouragement from Physics Department of Gadja Mada University, BAPETEN, Atomic and Nuclear laboratory, Electronics Instrumentations Laboratory, Geophysics laboratory, Solid state laboratory, Basics Physics Laboratory, Graduate School (Pascasarjana) in University of Gadjah Mada, and D3 Study Program. Last but not least I would also give my thanks to the student volunteers in Physics Departement. With sincere gratitude Chairman of the 2
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JIPC 2007

Dr. Sismanto

2nd Jogja International Physics Conference Enhancing Network and Collaboration Developing Research and Education in Physics and Nuclear Energy September 6-9, 2007, Yogyakarta-Indonesia

CONTENTS
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE FOREWORDS CONTENTS i ii iv

PAPERS Keynote Speaker No 1 2 3 4 Author(s) Dr. Sukarman Aminjoyo Prof. Ren-Tai Chiang, Ph.D Dr. Baek Jong-Bok Dr. Yoshiki Hidaka Title Nuclear Law and Regulation in Indonesia Stability Solution for Inherently Safe ESBWR Operation NPP Status and Prospect In Korea Statistical Properties of Spatiotemporal Intermittency in an Electroconvective System of Nematics Characterization of Nano-Structures in Materials by Transmission Electron Microscopy Focused Ion Beam Techniques And Transmission Electron Microscopy Studies Of Advanced Materials Liquid Crystal Elastomers; Swelling Dynamics, Electromechanical and Electrooptical Effects Fabrication of Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) for Flat Panel Displays Page KS01 KS06 KS010 KS012

Prof. Dr. Yoshitsugu Tomokiyo

KS016

Dr. Harini Sosiati

KS021

Dr. Yusril Yusuf

KS026

Prof. Dr. Muhamad Mat Salleh

KS030

Participants NUCLEAR ENERGY AND ATOMIC PHYSICS No 1 Author(s) Doni Saputra Title Calculation Of Total Reaction Cross Sections For Proton On 12C, 40Ca, 90Zr, 208Pb Nuclei At High Energies Theoretically Page NE01

iv

2nd Jogja International Physics Conference Enhancing Network and Collaboration Developing Research and Education in Physics and Nuclear Energy September 6-9, 2007, Yogyakarta-Indonesia

Mitrayana, T. Pierera, B.W.M. Moeskops, S. Persijn, H. Naus, F.J.M. Harren, M.A.J. Wasono, Muslim, and W. Rochmah D. Lelono and M.A.J. Wasono

Diode-Laser Based Photo-acoustic Spectroscopy in Atmospheric NO2 Detection

NE04

Automatization Of Photoacoustic Spectroscopy for Analysis of Multicomponent Gas Cell analysis of Spent PWR Fuels in Fast Reactor Determination Restitution Coefficient of Branching Fraction of
D 0 Meson K + decay

NE09

Teddy Ardiansyah, Suwondho Arie Prayudha and Andang Widi Harto U. Khairunnisyah and D.Saputra

NE13

NE17

S.T. Persijn, A.K.Y. Ngai, and F.J.M. Harren Paul. Stathers, Kevin Thoorghood and Yohannes Sardjono

Spectroscopic Applications of a Broadly Tunable, Continuous-Wave Optical Parametric Oscillator Plant Remaining Life Time Assessment for Power Generation

NE21

NE25

THEORETICAL AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS No 9 Author(s) M. Farchani Rosyid Title On The Structure Of Quantizable Algebras Of The Products Of Symplectic Manifolds With Polarizations Analytical Study of Single-electron Quantum Wires Inequivalent Quantizations of A Trivial Link of an Unknotted Circles in S1 X S2 Minimal Left-Right Symmetry Model for Electroweak Interaction Learning of Mixture Models based Classiers using Labeled and Unlabeled Data Determination of Coherent Scattering Amplitude of Arsenic Using Small Angel Neutron Scattering Theoretically v Page TH01

10 11 12

Moh. Adhib.U.A and Kamsul Abraha Timothy Siahaan and Mirza Satriawan Asan Damanik, Mirza Satriawan, Pramudita Anggraita, Arief Hermanto Bambang Heru Iswanto

TH06 TH010 TH015

13

TH019

14

Umi Khairunnisyah

TH025

2nd Jogja International Physics Conference Enhancing Network and Collaboration Developing Research and Education in Physics and Nuclear Energy September 6-9, 2007, Yogyakarta-Indonesia

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Arief Hermanto

A Simple Method to Determine the General -Relativistic Doppler Shift with Arbitrary Motions of Source and Observer in a Cosmological Model Creating A New Plancks Formula of Spectral Density of Black-body Radiation by Means of AF(A) Diagram

TH028

16

Ali Yunus Rohedi

TH030

COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS No 17 Author(s) Fahrudin Nugroho and Pekik Nurwantoro Erwani M. Sartika Title Effects of Angular Variation of External Magnetic Field to Surface Nucleation of Rectangular Superconductor Materials Simulation Generalized Predictive Control Modification And Controller Performance Influence Using Computational System of Units to Derive Natural and Geometrical System of Units Water Rocket Fun Program for Enhancing Junior High School Student Interest on Studying Physics Supervised Learning Framework of Mixture Models for Classification The Reconstruction of Multiple Acoustic Sources that Fulfill the Predetermined Sound Level on a Certain Target Field Location Development of The Object Thickness Measurement Software Robust Computation of the Gaunt Coefficients Page CP01

18

CP06

19

Arief Hermanto

CP011

20

Mutia Delina and Mohamad Ichsan Bambang Heru Iswanto Daniel Setiadikarunia

CP013

21 22

CP017 CP023

23 24

Viska Inda V Pekik Nurwantoro

CP030 CP034

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2nd Jogja International Physics Conference Enhancing Network and Collaboration Developing Research and Education in Physics and Nuclear Energy September 6-9, 2007, Yogyakarta-Indonesia

NANOTECHNOLOGY No 25 Author(s) A. Bahtiar Title Langmuir-Blodgett-Kuhn Multilayer Films of Azobenzene Containing Polyamic Acid for Liquid Crystal Optical Switching Electrical Conductivity of Nd-CeO2 Nanoparticles Prepared by Simple Polymer Heating Method Application of Microcanonical Temperature to The Spin Crossover of Fe-Co Compounds Characterization and Electrical Conductivity Behaviour of Polypyrrole Conducting Polymer Structure Dependence of Electrical Characteristic of Organic Thin Films Based on Perylene Derivatives Page NT01

26

Ida Sriyanti , Leni Marlina, Mikrajuddin Abdullah, and Khairurrijal W.B. Nurdin and K.D. Schotte

NT07

27

NT011

28

Aripin

NT016

29

Ahmad Kusumaatmaja, Ari Dwi Nugraheni, Sudarmiati and Kuwat Triyana

NT020

MATERIAL SCIENCES No 30 31 Author(s) Aris Doyan and Susilawati Susilawati and Aris Doyan Title Conductivity Properties of Polymer Gel Dosimeters Irradiated with Gamma-Rays Optical Properties of Polymer Films Containing Chlorine Irradiated with Gamma Rays Construction of Optical Fiber Displacement Sensor Using an AC-Modulated Light Source The Influence of Value in Shakedown Phenomena from Elastic Plastic Problems Critical Current Density on Two Dimensional Superconductor Having Columnar Defect The Characterisation of Some Liquid and Solid State Medium to the Attenuation Intensity Level of Sound Page MS01 MS06

32

Moh. Yasin, S.W. Harun, Kusminarto, Karyono, H. Ahmad Supriyono

MS011

33

MS014

34

Harsojo

MS017

35

Bambang Murdaka Eka Jati, Irwanto, Lukman Hakim

MS021

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2nd Jogja International Physics Conference Enhancing Network and Collaboration Developing Research and Education in Physics and Nuclear Energy September 6-9, 2007, Yogyakarta-Indonesia

GEOPHYSICS No 36 37 Author(s) Budi Eko Nurcahyo and Sudarmadji Sudarmaji Title 3D Complex Seismic Attribut Based on Continous Wavelet Transform Seismic Ray Tracing In Heterogenous Media Using Linear Traveltime Interpolation (LTI) Method A Verification of Plane Wave Implementation on Finite Volume Poisson Solid Medium Groundwater Quality Changes Due to Earthquake Within Part of Bantul Regency Resistivity and Refraction Seismic Mapping in Prambanan Temple Area Subsurface soil identification of Candi Sewu complex by means refraction seismology Application of Instantaneous Bandwidth For Hydrocarbon Trap Identification Hydrothermal Model of Merapi Volcano, Central Java, Indonesia What can be learned from tilt observations? Page GP01 GP04

38

Edi Hartantyo

GP010

39

Novi Rahmawati, Tjahyo Nugroho Adji, and Langgeng Wahyu Santosa Sismanto, Eddy Hartantyo, and Agus Waluyo Eddy Hartantyo and Sismanto

GP014

40 41

GP017 GP024

42

Sudarmaji, Budi Eka Nurcahya and Rossy Septa Brian Khrisma Udi Harmoko W. Suryanto, H. Igel and Ulrich Schreiber

GP029

43 44

GP032 GP038

ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION No 45 Author(s) Agus Harjoko and Maya Alipin Title A Comparison Study of The Performance of The Image Retrieval Method Based on Texture and Color Automatic Train Trejectory Door Base On RFID Communication Protocol For Robotic Arm In Nuclear Power Plants Soft Computing Aplication Development for Diagnosing Heavy Protein Deficiency Using Neural Network Technique Page EI01

46 47 48

Andi Dharmawan, Danang Lelono and Ilona Usuman Ilona Usuman and Hary Gunarto Sri Hartati

EI06 EI09 EI014

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2nd Jogja International Physics Conference Enhancing Network and Collaboration Developing Research and Education in Physics and Nuclear Energy September 6-9, 2007, Yogyakarta-Indonesia

49

Irwandi

Java Open Instrumentation System (Joints) Project: an Open Source Software Alternative for Low Cost Education and Research Equipment "Jala Peta Maya" Implementation using Web-Service and SVG

EI019

50

Tri Kuntoro Priyombodo, Prayoto, Jazi Eko Istiyanto, and Pekik Nurwantoro and Taryono Setia Wirawan, Suryo Guritno and Agus Harjoko Andi Dharmawan, Danang Lelono and Ilona Usuman Sri Hartati

EI024

51

A Method for Embedding Medical Data into Roentgen Image in SVG Format for Medical Image Representation Digital Filter Base on FPGA Fingerprint Identification System Using Back Propagation and Adaline Neural Network Combination Implementation of Parallel Processing using MPI in oscar for cluster computation Vending Machine Control System Prototype Using Altera FPGA EPF 10K10 Control System in Our Daily Life Refrigerator Temperature Controller System by Using On-Off Control Model A DTMF-Based Remote Device Activation System Prototype of Electronic Nose Based on Gas Sensors Array and Back Propagation Neural Network for Tea Classification A DC Motor Control Based On Cellular Phones

EI028

52 53

EI033 EI036

54

R. Sumiharto, Ahmad Ashari, and Pekik Nurwantoro Wini Rizkiningayu and Agfianto Eko Putra Rohani Jahja Widodo D. Lelono and M.A.J. Wasono Jazi Eko Istiyanto and Ahmad Rofiq Hakim Kuwat Triyana, Arief Mastori, Bayu Prihantono Supardi, and Muhammad Iqbal Aji Bharata Jazi Eko Istiyanto and Ferry Wahyu Wibowo

EI041

55 56 57 58 59

EI046 EI051 EI059 EI063 EI067

60

EI072

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2 Jogja International Physics Conference Enhancing Network and Collaboration Developing Research and Education in Physics and Nuclear Energy September 6-9, 2007, Yogyakarta-Indonesia

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A DC Motor Control Based-On Cellular Phone

Jazi Eko Istiyanto1* and Ferry Wahyu Wibowo1 1 Electronics and Instrumentations Laboratory Physics Department Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta INDONESIA 55281 Abstract A design and an implementation of a DC motor control built around micro-controller and cellular technology have been completed. The system is hosted by an AT89S51 micro-controller connected to a DC motor, a rotation counter, and a cellular phone. The user holding another cellular phone can request the number of rotations by dialing the cellular phone attached to the micro-controller. The first dial serves as an authorization and the second triggers the system to send an SMS (Short Message Service) message containing the number of DC motor rotations. The system has been tested and has shown an error rate of 3.19 % in the average counting. Keywords: micro-controllers, cellular phones, missed call, SMS *Corresponding Author. E-mail : jazi@ugm.ac.id

1.

Introduction This paper presents a design and an implementation of a device to control a DC motor using a cellular phone. The cellular phone used is a Siemens SL45. SL45 communicates with the DC motor via a microcontroller AT89S51. An engineer holding a cellular phone sends a missed call to SL45. Missed calls are differentiated based on the number of RINGs before the call is cancelled by the caller and before the callee accepts the call. Because the callee is unmanned, the missed call is fully controlled by the caller. The device responds to the eingineer's commands by sending an SMS. At present, the SMS contains only the rotation per second at which the motor rotates. The commands from the engineer is based on the number of RINGs before the call stops. This work has been inspired by the work of Serasidis (www.serasidis.gr) in which a Sony Erricson and a microcontroller are used to turn a set of lamps on/off. Our initial work uses a Siemens and a microcontroller to turn a set of LEDs on/off (Istiyanto and Effendy, 2005). We then designed many devices based on the same principle. 2. A Brief Theory 2.1 AT Command 2x AT commands can be tested via Windows Hyperterminal or using a software called serial watcher. To convert a text to a PDU code or vice versa, a software called PDUSpy can be used. AT Command is similar to >(prompt) tag in the DOS command. In the cellular phone, AT Command 2x is responsible for message processing i.e. sending/receiving data to/from SMS center by

constructing codes understandable by the cellular phone's electronics. Although, in theory, most AT commands are the same for different handsets, in reality there are differences. Data transferred to/from the SMS center can be of the PDU (Protocol Data Unit) format. The PDU contains hexadecimal numbers representing headers. The PDU consists of eight headers: the SMS center, the SMS type, the SMS reference number, the receivers cell phone number, the SMS form, the data encoding, the expiry date, and the SMS content (leBodic, 2002). 2.2. AT89S51 Microcontroller The MCS-51 family of micro-controllers was first built by Intel. The AT89S51 single chip micro-controller is a hardware device equipped with special facilities and a set of instructions making it a stable and effective controller delivering precision computation, communication and industrial application.

EI072

2 Jogja International Physics Conference Enhancing Network and Collaboration Developing Research and Education in Physics and Nuclear Energy September 6-9, 2007, Yogyakarta-Indonesia

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h.

i. j.

(external EPROM) EA/VPP (External Access Enable) (pin 31): to access internal program memory, the EA pin must be connected to VCC+5 VDC and to access external program memory, the EA pin must be connected to ground (GND) XTAL1 (pin 18) : an input pin to internal oscillator circuit XTAL2 (pin 19) : an output pin to internal oscillator. It is only used with the crystal oscillator.

Figure 1. AT89S51 micro-controller Pins Configuration The AT89S51 micro-controller has specific facilities such as a CMOS 8-bit optimized for control applications, 4Kbytes of Flash PEROM, which has fully static operation between 0-33 MHz, and can be written and erased until 1000 times, 128 x 8-bit internal memory (RAM), two 16-bit timer/counters, six interrupt sources, programmable serial ports, and 32 programmable I/O lines. The AT89S51 micro-controller is one of MCS-51 micro-controller family which has 4Kbytes of Flash PEROM in 40-pin package with single a power supply (Figure 1). The pin assignment of the AT89S51 microcontroller and the functions are: a. VCC (pin 40) : a +5 VDC power supply b. GND (pin 20) : the ground c. Port 0 (pins 32-39), port 1 (pins 1-8), and port 2 (pins 21-28): 8-bit bi-directional I/O ports. d. Port 3 (pins 10-17): 8-bit bi-directional I/O port which can be used also for specific function such as serial input/output, external interrupt inputs, input to a counter, and external memory write/read signals. e. RST (pin 9): an active-high reset pin. f. ALE/PROG (Address Latch Enable) (pin 30): used to hold the low-byte address during external memory access and a program signal during the Flash programming. g. PSEN (Program Store Enable) (pin 29): used to control external program memory EI073

The MCS-51 family consists of many registers, such as: a. The accumulator (ACC): an 8-bit general purpose register used to accumulate the results of instruction executions. b. The register R and B: The register R consists of a set of eight auxiliary registers R0, R1, R7. The register B is similar to the accumulator in the sense that it stores a value of 8-bit (1 byte) of data. c. DPTR, PC, and SP The data pointer (DPTR) is a 16-bit register composed of the register DPH (Data Pointer High Order Byte) and the register DPL (Data Pointer Lower Order Byte). DPTR is used to address the registers in an indirect way to move the content of a program memory, to move data variable from/to the outside of data memory such as the external RAM, and also used for the jump to a 64 Kbyte address instructions. Program Counter (PC) is a 16-bit register used to address the location of program instruction stored in the ROM. Stack Pointer (SP) is used to point to an address of internal RAM known as the top of the stack. d. Program Status Word Register: four flag registers used in arithmetic operation. These are carry (CY), auxiliary carry (AC), parity (P) and user flags (F0). e. Serial Buffer (SBUF): two separate registers used as the receive buffer and the transmit buffer registers. f. Timer/Counter Register: 16-bit timer high (TH) and a timer low (TL) registers used in four modes of counting. 2.3. The DC Motor A DC motor is a device capable of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy. A direct current is converted into electrical energy via a two-magnet interaction. The first

2 Jogja International Physics Conference Enhancing Network and Collaboration Developing Research and Education in Physics and Nuclear Energy September 6-9, 2007, Yogyakarta-Indonesia

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is the rotor (the rotating part) which consists of coils. The second is the stator (the stationary part) i.e. magnet. A DC motor follows the law of electromagnetism: if the coils of the rotor carry an electric current then the coils become a magnetic field. The coils experience a force that makes them rotating. 3. The System Design 3.1 The Hardware Design The design of the device can be illustrated in Figure 2.

the counter is not zero, then it is a missed call and the system process the missed call. Some of the advantages of using miscalls compared to SMS or voice calls are (among others) - a miscall is free of charge - a missed call is real-time (synchronous), unlike SMS which is off-line (asynchronous). The delivery success of an SMS is dependent on the communication traffic. - SMS requires a large amount of storage in the micro-controller's memory before a processing stage is carried out. A missed call uses an interrupt address. - It is much faster to dial a missed call compared to preparing an SMS. However, a missed call system does have some disadvantages: - Sometimes the ringing signal is not detected by the callee. - counting the number of 'RING's is a little bit tricky. 3.3. The Hardware and Software in Execution Immediately after the power is ON, the micro-controller turns the motor OFF via the software and clears the content of register R0. When cellular phone B receives an interrupt indicating a missed call, the signal will be detected by micro-controller as 'RING'. Communication between cellular phone B and the micro-controller is done by the RS232 circuitry in which EIA232 signals are converted into +5V TTL signals. Upon detecting a 'RING', the microcontroller activates the looping and setting R0 to 1. Then the micro-controller will delay for 1 minute 3,75 seconds and turn the serial interrupt line off. For delay time, the 'RING' or miscall input always counted at register R0. If R0 is equal to 2 then the micro-controller will instruct the cellular phone to dial the destination number for 10 seconds and then close the communication. If R0 does not equal to 2 then the micro-controller keeps looping. The cellular phone A is the one that choose whether to 'RING' once, twice, thrice, etc. before cancelling the call. Of course, the number of times the 'RING' can be done is dependent on the cellular operator. When the port P1.0 is high, the transistor C9014 will saturate until the collector current flows via the 330-ohm EI074

Figure 2. The Hardware Block Diagram The cellular phone A will send a missed call signal to the cellular phone B. The cellular phone B will respond and send it to the RS232 circuitry. The RS232 circuitry is a cellular phone data cable and an IC MAX232 functioning as a driver to convert a signal to a TTL(transistor-transistor logic) level voltage. The system is powered by a power supply (CATU DAYA). 3.2 The Software Design The DC motor controlling program is stored in the AT89S51 micro-controller's internal ROM. The software is writen in the assembly language. Initially, the program is written and assembled on the PC. Then, a down-loader program is used to embed the program into the micro-controller. The system is programmed to repeatedly process an incoming miscall. A miscall is a call intentionally dropped by the caller before it is accepted by the callee. An incoming missed call will trigger an interrupt to the micro-controller. In an experiment using the MS Windows HyperTerminal has shown that an incoming call displays the word 'RING'. Therefore, the system will detect the present the word RING' . When the word is detected then it is not a missed call. Therefore the system will increment a counter and loop back again. When the word is not detected and

2 Jogja International Physics Conference Enhancing Network and Collaboration Developing Research and Education in Physics and Nuclear Energy September 6-9, 2007, Yogyakarta-Indonesia

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resistor directly to the ground. The transistor BD139 is not biased at its base and cuts off stopping the motor current and the motor rotation. If P1.0 is low then the transistor C9014 cuts off and the 330-ohm resistor current flows not to the ground but to the base causing the BD139 to saturate and motor current will flow and activate the DC motor. To stabilise a diode IN4002 is used to prevent a reverse voltage from the motor coils. After the DC motor is activated, the micro-controller counts the number rotations using an opto-coupler input. The pulse train to port T0 is stabilised by an IC74LS14. The counting is done each second to get rotation per second (RPS). The count is stored in address TL0 and converted into ASCII code and latter converted to a PDU code. Converting an ASCII to a PDU is not straightforward. As an example, 00H will be displayed as <NULL> in the HyperTerminal or in the serial watcher. However, PDU need a zero not a <NULL>. This can be solved using a DA (Decimal Adjust) instruction in which an 8-bit number is converted into two nibbles. The DC motor control based on cellular phone can be illustrated in Figure 3. The device consists of mainly 3 parts: the cellular phone, the DC motor, and the microcontroller circuitry.

process. 5. References 1. Serasidis, V: an SMS-based Remote Control, http://www.serasidis.gr 2. Istiyanto, J.E., and Yeyen Effendy, 2005 : Rancangan dan Implementasi Pengendali Jarak Jauh Berbasis SMS dan Mikrokontroler, Jurnal Ilmu Dasar, Universitas Negeri Jember (in Indonesian) Jazi Eko Istiyanto completed a Ph.D degree in Electronic Systems Engineering from the University of Essex, UK in 1995. He is the head of the Physics Department, Gadjah Mada University Ferry Wahyu Wibowo holds a B.Sc in Physics from Gadjah Mada University. He is now pursuing an M.Sc in Computer Science at Gadjah Mada University.

Figure 3. The DC Motor Control Based on Cellular Phone 4. Conclusion The prototype system for controlling a DC motor using the cellular phone has been designed, implemented, and tested. There are many practicality aspects not found in textbooks such as the trick to count the number of 'RING's and to convert 00H into PDU format. The device has been tested many times and has shown results consistent with the specification and expectation. An error of 3.19% has been experienced in the counting EI075