Chapter 24: Fiber Optics

TRUE/FALSE 1. ANS: 2. ANS: 3. ANS: 4. ANS: 5. ANS: 6. ANS: 7. ANS: 8. ANS: 9. ANS: 10. ANS: 11. ANS: 12. ANS: 13. ANS: 14. ANS: 15. ANS: 16. ANS: 17. ANS: 18. ANS: 19. ANS: 20. ANS: 21. ANS: 22. ANS: 23. ANS: 24. ANS: 25. ANS: An optical fiber is a waveguide for light. T Fiber has greater bandwidth than copper cable. T Optical fiber has greater loss per kilometer than copper cable. F Fiber is immune to crosstalk. T Optical fiber carries a very small amount of current. F Optical fiber is easy to "tap". F Optical fiber is easy to splice. F Optical fiber can be used safely in an atmosphere of explosive gas. T Optical fiber can be used to connect a radio transmitter to an antenna. F The core has a higher index of refraction than does the cladding. T Single-mode fiber causes less dispersion than does multimode fiber. T Single-mode fiber is always made from glass. T The core of a single mode fiber is on the order of 1000 m. F Single-mode fiber is free of all dispersion effects. F Dispersion can be expressed in units of time. T The terms "linewidth" and "bandwidth" are equivalent for fiber. T Dispersion increases with cable length. T Glass fiber-optic cables have a loss of about 3dB per km. F Plastic fiber-optic cables have a loss of several hundred dB per km. T The losses due to splicing can be greater than the losses due to the cable itself. T The purpose of the cladding is to add strength to the fiber-optic cable. F The terms "splice" and "connector" are equivalent for fiber. F A typical splice has a loss of 0.2 dB or less. T Unlike copper cables, it is not possible to make an optical power splitter. F Like copper cables, it is possible to make an optical directional coupler. T

26. ANS: 27. ANS: 28. ANS: 29. ANS: 30. ANS:

It is possible to make an optical switch. T Energy can be expressed in electron-volts. T LEDs are commonly used to drive single-mode fiber cables in communications systems. F PIN diodes are used as receivers on single-mode fiber cables in communications systems. T A LASER diode can be turned on and off at a rate of 10 GHz. T

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Compared to the core, the index of refraction of the cladding must be: a. the same c. less b. greater d. doesn't have an index of refraction ANS: C 2. Fiber-optic cables do not: a. carry current b. cause crosstalk ANS: D 3. Single-mode fiber is made from: a. glass b. plastic ANS: A 4. a. b. c. d. Fiber-optic cable cannot be used: in an explosive environment to connect a transmitter to an antenna to isolate a medical patient from a shock hazard none of the above

c. generate EMI d. all of the above

c. both a and b d. none of the above

ANS: B 5. A single-mode cable does not suffer from: a. modal dispersion c. waveguide dispersion b. chromatic dispersion d. all of the above ANS: A 6. Scattering causes: a. loss b. dispersion ANS: A c. intersymbol interference d. all of the above

7. The loss in single-mode fiber-optic cable due to the glass is about: a. 40 dB per km c. 0.4 dB per km b. 4 db per km d. zero loss ANS: C 8. The loss in single-mode fiber-optic cable due to a splice is about: a. 0.02 dB c. 1 dB b. 0.2 db d. 3 dB ANS: A 9. The loss in single-mode fiber-optic cable due to a connector is about: a. 0.02 dB c. 1 dB b. 0.2 db d. 3 dB ANS: B 10. Which of the following is a type of fiber connector: a. ST c. SMA b. SC d. all of the above ANS: D 11. The quantum of light is called: a. an erg b. an e-v ANS: C c. a photon d. a phonon

12. LASER stands for: a. Light Amplification by Simulated Emission of Radiation b. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation c. Light Amplification by Simulated Emitted Rays d. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emitted Rays ANS: B 13. APD stands for: a. Avalanche Photodiode b. Advanced Photodiode ANS: A 14. In a PIN diode, leakage current in the absence of light is called: a. baseline current c. dark current b. zero-point current d. E-H current ANS: C 15. For a light detector, responsivity is measured in: a. amps per watt c. mA per joule b. W per amp d. sec per W ANS: A c. Avalanche Photo Detector d. Advanced Photo Detector

COMPLETION 1. In the core, the angle of incidence equals the angle of ____________________. ANS: reflection 2. The core is surrounded by the ____________________. ANS: cladding 3. The ____________________ angle is where refraction changes to reflection. ANS: critical 4. ANS: 5. ANS: 6. ANS: 7. ANS: 8. ANS: 9. ANS: An electron-volt is a measure of ____________________. energy The numerical aperture is the ____________________ of the angle of acceptance. sine Optical fiber relies on total ____________________ reflection. internal Chromatic dispersion is also called ____________________ dispersion. intramodal With optical fiber, ____________________ light is more common than visible light. infrared In multimode fiber, ____________________ index has less dispersion than step index. graded

10. For laser diodes, the term ____________________ is used instead of bandwidth. ANS: linewidth 11. ANS: 12. ANS: Dispersion can be expressed in units of ____________________ rather than bandwidth. time ____________________ interference is when one pulse merges with the next pulse. Intersymbol

13. The optical fiber is free to move around in a ____________________ cable. ANS: loose-tube 14. The optical fiber is not free to move around in a ____________________ cable. ANS: tight-buffer 15. A ____________________ is a short length of fiber that carries the light away from the source. ANS: pigtail 16. ANS: 17. ANS: 18. ANS: Good connections are more critical with ____________________-mode fiber. single A ____________________ diode is the usual light source for single-mode cable. laser The quantum of light is called the ____________________. photon

19. A ____________________ diode is the usual light detector for single-mode cable. ANS: PIN 20. For safety, you should never ____________________ at the end of an optical fiber unless you know it is not connected to a light source. ANS: look