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lossy part: quantization with different step size for each coeff. Band lossless part: differential coding, run-length coding, Huffman
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http://www.ece.umd.edu/class/enee631/ minwu@eng.umd.edu
ENEE631 emphasis
Conceptual aspects related to image compression Wavelet is also useful for denoising, enhancement, and image analysis For more info. on wavelet: ENEE624, wavelet math course, & other ref.
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Can be represented by filtering and downsampling Poor energy compaction of Haar transform
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on different level: capture transitions of different frequency bands on the same level: capture transitions at different locations
From Matlab Wavelet Toolbox Documentation M. Wu: ENEE631 Digital Image Processing (Fall'01) Lec9 Wavelet Coding & VQ 10/2/01 [3] M. Wu: ENEE631 Digital Image Processing (Fall'01) Lec9 Wavelet Coding & VQ 10/2/01 [4]
From Matlab Wavelet Toolbox Documentation M. Wu: ENEE631 Digital Image Processing (Fall'01) Lec9 Wavelet Coding & VQ 10/2/01 [5] M. Wu: ENEE631 Digital Image Processing (Fall'01) Lec9 Wavelet Coding & VQ 10/2/01 [6]
Orthonormal Filters
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Circular convolution
Periodic extension of input signal Problem: artifacts by large discontinuity at borders
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Biorthogonal Wavelets
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Biorthogonal
Some orthogonality between filters but not strict orthogonality Not preserving energy But could be close to orthogonal filters performance
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Advantage
Covers a much broader class of filters
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only one set of linear phase filters for real, FIR orthogonal wavelets $ Haar filters: (1, 1) & (1,-1)
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Modern lossy wavelet coding exploits multi-resolution and self-similar nature of wavelet decomposition
Energy is compacted into a small number of coeff. Significant coeff. tend to cluster at the same spatial location in each freq. subband
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Minor difference between subband coding and early wavelet coding ~ Choices of filters
Subband filters aims at (approx.) non-overlapping freq. response Wavelet filters typically designed for certain smoothness constraints
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Significant coeff.
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Subordinate Pass
Output one bit for subordinate list
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Beyond EZW
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Cons of EZW
Poor error resilience Difficult for selective spatial decoding
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EBCOT
Used in JPEG 2000 Address the shortcomings of EZW
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For details
Tutorial @ IEEE Trans. on consumer electronics 11/00 Links and tutorials @ http://www.jpeg.org/JPEG2000.htm
3dB improvement?
Wavelet compression was claimed to have 3dB improvement over DCTbased compression Comparison is done on JPEG Baseline
Predictive coding
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Transform
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( previous lectures ) Scalar quantizer Quantize more than one component => vector quantization
Vector Quantization
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Design codebook
Optimization formulation is similar to MSE scalar quantizer Given a set of representative points
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Stages
vector quantization of 2 elements
Probability centroid rule to determine representative points that minimizes mean distortion in each cell
E.g., tree-structured VQ
vector quantization of 2 elements
Summary
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Assignment
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Required readings
[Wavelet coding]
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Wavelet coding
Filters for wavelet transf. EZW
Usevitchs tutorial in IEEE Sig. Proc. Magazine 9/01 Xiongs paper on DCT vs. Wavelet on IEEE Trans. CSVT MATLAB 2-D Wavelet Demos
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Brief introduction
JPEG 2000 Vector quantization
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http://etro.vub.ac.be/~chchrist/paper_ieee_ce_jpeg2000_Nov2000.pdf
Recommended readings
www.jpeg.org Grays tutorial paper on VQ Boviks Handbook Sec.5.4
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Next time
Review of image processing basics and image compression
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Reminder
Project BB1 Due Thursday before class 1st in-class exam ~ Next Thursday 10/11/2001
M. Wu: ENEE631 Digital Image Processing (Fall'01) Lec9 Wavelet Coding & VQ 10/2/01 [26]