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Fuente: WB
Fuente: Eurostat, The Economist Nota: Cifras de Grecia son para Septiembre de 2009
Who's paying for the euro-area bail-out? PORTUGALS bail-out means another stage in Europes debt crisis and another call on nonEuropean coffers. The total 865 billion ($1.2 trillion) pot available for euro-area rescues looks enormous, more than enough to cope with Greece, Ireland and Portugals anticipated needs besides. Almost half of that comes from the European Financial Stability Facility, a 440 billion euro-zone fund whose major contributors are Germany, France and Italy. But the EFSFs effective lending capacity is only 250 billion, because only six of its 17 members have a AAA credit rating. European leaders have pledged to bring the funds actual firepower up to 440 billion by the summer but in the meantime the IMF has more cash on hand, at 280 billion. If all that money were used (a very big if), America would end up lending indebted euro-zone nations 50 billion.
Deuda como porcentaje del PIB: Pases de Europa, 2007 vs. 2011
Fuente: http://www.stat.fi/artikkelit/2010/art_2010-07-09_005_en_002.gif
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Fuente: The Economist, tal y como Aparece presentado en Sabal (2004) Garay (2011), ESAN
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S&P Case-Shiller U:S: 10 Composite Index (lnea roja) y Miami (lnea azul)
300 Enero 2000 = 100 250 200 150 100 50 0
Ene-10 Ene-09 Ene-08 Ene-07 Ene-06 Ene-05 Ene-04 Ene-03 Ene-02 Ene-01 Ene-00 Ene-99 Ene-98 Ene-97 Ene-96 Ene-95 Ene-94 Ene-93 Ene-92 Ene-91 Ene-90 Ene-89 Ene-88 Ene-87
Fuente: Standard and Poors
Garay (2011), ESAN
Why 2011 May Be the End of the Housing Crash (Wall Street Journal, Feb 28 2011)
Housing is the most affordable it has been in decades, according to analysts at Moody's Analytics. Nationally, the cost of a house is the equivalent of about 19 months of total pay for an average family, the lowest level in 35 years. Prices usually average close to two years' pay, although that varies nationally. At the peak, midway through the last decade, a home in Los Angeles cost the equivalent of 4.5 years' pay. The average price has since fallen to just over two years' income now. That's well below its pre-bubble average of 2.6 years. This means average Los Angeles homes are cheaper in "real terms" than they were typically during the period 1989 through 2003. The opposite is true around the Washington beltway, where it will take 26 months of pay to buy a home, versus the historical norm of 22 months.
Garay (2011), ESAN
Why 2011 May Be the End of the Housing Crash (Wall Street Journal, Feb 28 2011)
For instance, in once-hot Miami you can snap up an average house for under $166,000, according to recent data from the National Association of Realtors. That's down from $371,000 in 2006. Take Miami again. Last year, more than half of all transactions were made entirely in cash, according to a recent report in The Wall Street Journal. That compares with 13% of deals in the last quarter of 2006, the height of the bubble. Investors buying at current prices are looking for deals, or so-called bottom fishing. They typically like to pay entirely in cash (or with a relatively small loan) to speed up transactions. That can be vital for an investor wishing to lock in a deal fast. If this is a turn in the market, then it might make sense to go out and buy a home. But, warns Pimco's Mr. Simon, "buy in areas you really know. The bad news is that the fast gains of the glory days of 2005 and 2006 won't be back any time soon.
Garay (2011), ESAN
Sources: Financial Survey of Urban Housing, 1934; Case-Shiller; Bureau of Labor Statistics Garay (2011), ESAN
http://www.nctimes.com/blogs/minding_your_business/?p=3164
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Evolucin del rendimiento de los bonos soberanos de Per (JPMorgan EMBI Plus Per Sovereign Spread ): http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=JPSSEMPE:IND
J.P. Morgan Emerging Markets Bond Index Plus is a market capitalizationweighted index based on bonds in emerging markets. the EMBI series which covers all of the external currency denomination debt of the emerging markets, as opposed to simply Brady Bond investment. It is constructed with well-defined liquidity criteria to ensure that the index provides a fair and replicable benchmark. There are currently 31 instruments from 21 countries (wikiposit.org)