B.E.

4/4 I SEMESTER
Microwave Laboratory VIVA QUESTIONS 1. REFLEX KLYSTRON OSCILLATOR CHARACTERISTICS
1. 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 . What is the range of x band frequencies ? Why is it necessary to modulate the Klystron when the VSWR meter is used as an indicator? Why does the Klystron oscillate only within certain intervals of the reflector voltage? What is meant by electronic bandwidth and the tuning sensitivity of the Klystron? What are the specifications of the tube you have used in the lab? How can you vary the frequency of the Reflex Klystron Oscillator ? what are the different micwowave oscillators used in the lab ? what is the principle of operation of the RKO List the applications of RKO.

2 GUNN DIODE CHARACTERISTICS

1. What is the material used in the Gunn diode ? 2. what is meant by ve ressistance region ? 3. How can you vary the frequency of Gunn oscillator ? 4. Calculate the efficiency of the Gunn oscillator? 5. Describe various modes in which Gunn diode can be operated. 6. List the applications of Gunn diode? 7. How can you vary the frequency of Gunn oscillator? 8. What is negative differential conductivity? How does it appear in a Gunn diode? 9. What are various modes of Gunn oscillations and what factors determine the frequency of Gunn diode oscillators? 6. What is a PIN diode and how does it work as amplitude modulator?

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Compare Gunn diode oscillator with reflex klystron oscillator in frequency,

power, size, tenability etc.

3. FREQUENCY AND WAVELENGTH MEASUREMENTS

1. What are the different methods of frequency measurement ? 2. What is the difference between the direct frequency meter and indirect freq meter? 3. What is meant by critical frequency and critical wavelength ? 4. What are the different wavelengths associated with waveguides ? 5. Define a dominant mode? 6. Why the guide wave length different form the free space wave length? 7. Explain successive minima of the standing wave pattern are separated half Wave length? 8. Define dominant mode in a wave guide?

4. V.S.W.R MEASUREMENT
1. What is VSWR? Why VSWR is different for different loads?what are the minimum and maximum values of VSWR? 2. What are the different methods of VSWR measurement ? 4. What is slotted wave guide? In VSWR measurement how slotted section used? 5. Explain why successive minima of a standing wave pattern are separated by half wave length 6. Show that L= (z L-zO)/ (z L+zO) 7. Show that S = 1 + (S 1)/ (S+1) = 8. Compare slotted line with two-wire transmission line. 9. Comment on the modes of propagation in coaxial lines. 10. Comment on the errors in slotted lines techniques. 11. What is the VSWR for a perfectly matched load ? 12. What is a tunable probe? 13. What is the purpose of the detector?

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5. IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT
1. What are the parameters to be measured for impedance calculation? 2. Why it is necessary to relate the impedance of a load to a reference plane? 3. In the measurements, the minima in the standing wave patterns are used for reference. Is it possible to use the maxima instead of minima? 4. Is the impedance frequency independent? If so why? 5. To match the wave-guide to the horn antenna, find the length and position of the single stub and quarter wave tuner. 6. what is meant by shift in first minima ? 7. What is characteristic impedance, normalized load impedance, load impedance? 8. What is the use of smith chart? How can you get the normalized impedance from smith chart?

6. WAVEGUIDE TEES
1. Explain how the power is coupled (field line) in magic Tee. 2. What are the various applications of magic Tee? What is magic in magic TEE 3. Obtain the scattering matrix of magic Tee. 4. In magic Tee which port is called E port, and which is called H port? 5. What are the applications of MAGIC TEE 6. Compare magic tee and directional coupler 7. If equal and same phase power is fed to port1 and port2, what is the power output at port E and port H.

7. CHARACTERISTICS OF DIRECTIONAL COUPLER

1. What is coupling factor? 2. What is the directivity of the directional coupler? 3. what is the difference between the forward and backward directional coupler 4. List the different types of directional couplers 5. What are factors that control the coupling factor? 6. Write the S matrix of the directional coupler

8. CHARACTERISTICS OF FERRITE DEVICES

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1. What are the basic properties of ferrites which make them useful at Microwave frequencies? 2. Why ferrite devices are non-reciprocal? 3. Why does a circulator differ from magic tee? 4. Obtain scattering matrix for a circulator? 5. What is Faraday Rotation? 6. Write the ideal S matrix of the circulator? 7. List different ferrite materials 8. What is Carlins theorem 9. What are ideal values of Coupling factor, Isolation loss, Insertion loss of circulator/

9. RADIATION PATTERN OF DIPOLE/FOLDED DIPOLE ANTENNAS: 1. what is the minimum range between tx antenna and the rx antenna is required for farfield measurements? 2. How can you measure beam width from radiation pattern 3. Why flaring is required for horn antenna? 4. Draw different types of horn antennas

10. RADIATION PATTERN OF DIPOLE/FOLDED DIPOLE ANTENNAS: 1. What is a linear antenna? List different types of linear antennas? 2. what is radiation pattern? 3. What is SLL? 4. What is FBR? 5. How can you measure current distribution along the antenna? 6. What is radiation resistance of the antenna. 7. Explain, What is meant by anechoic chamber?