SYNOPSIS

CLAPSWITCH

Made by:1. 2. 3. 4. Ghazalpreet kaur Bhavika kaushal Bhunesh mittal Dharmendar bhatt

Submitted to:-

INDEX
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. INTRODUCTION COMPONENTS USED CIRCUIT DIAGRAM COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION WORKING APPLICATION CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION
This circuit can switch on and off a light, a fan or a radio etc; by the sound of a clap. This circuit is constructed using basic electronic components like resistors, transistors, relay, transformer, capacitors. This circuit turns ON light for the first clap. The light turns ON till the next clap. For the next clap the light turns OFF. This circuit works with 9V voltage battery. This working of this circuit is based on amplifying nature of the transistor , switching nature of transistor , relay as an electronic switch . This circuit that can switch on and off a light, a fan, a radio or a T.V. etc., by a sound of a clap. The sound of clap is received by a small micro-phone (condenser) that is shown in the circuit diagram. The signal is further amplified by transistors. The relay contact is connected to the power line and hence turns on/off any electrical device at output socket.

COMPONENTS USED
1. 9V battery 2. Two way Switch- 1 3. Condenser microphone 4. White LEDs -6 5. Red LEDs 2 6. Transistors (BC547)- 4 7. Diodes(IN4148) -2 8. Capacitors: 1000 microfarad-1 10 microfarad- 3 100 microfarad -1 9. Resistors 330 ohms- 3 1K 3 5.6K 2 33K -3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION RESISTOR:

A resistor is a two-terminal electrical or electronic component that resists an electric current by producing a voltage drop between its terminals in accordance with Ohm's law: R=V/I The electrical resistance is equal to the voltage drop across the resistor divided by the current through the resistor. Resistors are used as part of electrical networks and electronic circuits.

CAPACITOR:
An electric circuit element used to store charge temporarily, consisting in general of two metallic plates separated and insulated from each other by a dielectric. Also called condenser.

DIODE:
An electronic device that restricts current flow chiefly to one direction . An electron tube having a cathode and an anode . A two-terminal semiconductor device used chiefly as a rectifier .

TRANSISTOR:
A 'transistor' is a semiconductor device, commonly used as an amplifier or an electrically controlled switch. The transistor is the fundamental building block of the circuitry in computers,cellular phones, and all other modern electronic devices. Because of its fast response and accuracy, the transistor is used in a wide variety of digital and analog functions, including amplification, switching, voltage regulation, signal modulation, and oscillators. Transistors may be packaged individually or as part of an integrated circuit, some with over a billion transistors in a very small area.

CONDENSER MIC:
Condenser means capacitor, an electronic component which stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field. The term condenser is actually obsolete but has stuck as the name for this type of microphone, which uses a capacitor to convert acoustical energy into electrical energy. Condenser microphones require power from a battery or external source. The resulting audio signal is stronger signal than that from a dynamic. Condensers also tend to be more sensitive and responsive than dynamics, making them well-suited to capturing subtle nuances in a sound. They are not ideal for high-volume work, as their sensitivity makes them prone to distort.

LEDs
Light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices and are increasingly used for other lighting. Introduced as a practical electronic component in 1962, early LEDs emitted low-intensity red light, but modern versions are available across the visible, ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness. When a light-emitting diode is forward biased (switched on), electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy gap of the semiconductor. LEDs are often small in area (less than 1 mm2), and integrated optical components may be used to shape its radiation pattern.LEDs present many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size, and faster switching. LEDs powerful enough for room lighting are relatively expensive and require more precise current and heat management than compact fluorescent lamp sources of comparable output.Light-emitting diodes are used in applications as diverse as replacements for aviation lighting, automotive lighting (particularly brake lamps, turn signals and indicators) as well as in traffic signals. LEDs have allowed new text, video displays, and sensors to be developed, while their high switching rates are also useful in advanced communications technology. Infrared LEDs are also used in the remote

control units of many commercial products including televisions, DVD players, and other domestic appliances.

WORKING:
Here is a circuit that can switch on & off a light, Fan, Radio etc. by the sound of clap .The sound of clap is received by a small microphone that is shown biased by resistor in the circuit. The microphone changes sound wave in to electrical wave which is further amplified by transistor. Transistor is used as common emitter circuit to amplify weak signals received by the microphone. Amplified output from the collector of transistor is then feed to the Bistable Multivibrator circuit also known as flip-flop. Flip flop circuit is made by using 2 Transistors, in our circuit. In a flip-flop circuit, at a time only one transistor conduct and other cut off and when it gets a trigger pulse from outside source then first transistor is cutoff and 2ndtransistor conducts. Thus output of transistor is either logic-0 or logic-1 and it remains in one state 0 or 1 until it gets trigger pulse from outer source. The pulse of clap which is trigger for flip-flop makes changes to the output which is complementary (reverse). Decision of flip-flop which is in the low current form is unable to drive relay directly so we have used a current amplifier circuitby using a common emitter circuit. Output of is connected to a Relay (Electromagnetic switch), works like a mechanical switch. With the help of a relay it is easy for connecting other electrical appliance. The relay contact is connected to the power line and hence turns on/off any electrical appliance connected all the way through relay.

APPLICATIONS
This circuit can be used to switch on and off a light, a fan, a radio or a t.v. by the sound of a clap.

CONCLUSION
Hereby we would like to conclude that this circuit is very much useful to switch ON and OFF the household appliances just by clapping hand .This circuit functions on using the sound energy provided by the clap which is converted into electrical energy by condenser mic .This circuit turns on and off a light, a fan, a radio, a t.v. etc using this converted electrical energy which is used to turn on relay (an electronic switch).