Introduction

How many times you needed some remote control to handle some electric device ?
many times. There are lot oI remote controls like inIrared, RF, SMS (like my other
circuit) and more. The basic small-range remote controls are 2, InIrared and RF
(Radio Frequency). One oI the weaks oI InIrared is that the signal can not pass the
walls. So, iI you want to control your garage door, the only way is to use some RF
remote control. The circuit (transmitter and receiver) use Iew components and
ordinary (I love Iew component circuits) . Its easy to build it because you don't have
to tune-up any coil or variable capacitor. The RF modules are Iix to work in 418MHz
area.

I have designe this remote control considering :

a.) the check oI the received data because many other devices are working in
this Irequency (418MHz)
b.) and the power-saving oI the transmitter. One transmitter must have battery
long-liIe, there is not good to change the battery aIter 3 days ;) . I don't care
about the receiver`s power supply, because receiver must be working all the
time.


Features


Transmitter

4 Standby: 1uA (less than 1 microampere)
4 only 3v power supply
4 10...15m distance range
4 2400bps communication
4 2 initial bytes Ior device recognition (ID bytes)
4 calculate the checksum oI the sended data (to avoid
Iake commands)
4 Iew components
4 small size
#eceiver

4 Hardware UART at 2400bps
4 4 bytes (32bit) length communication
4 checksum oI the received bytes (to avoid
Iake commands)
4 Iew components
4 smal size



Transmitter description



$chematic of the transmitter

The transmitter is constituted by AT90S2323 microcontroller and TLP434 RF
transmitter module at 418MHz. I have designe the transmitter Ior more battery
economy and saIe transmition oI the data.

4 The battery economy is made it by the use oI powerdown mode oI AVR. In
this case the AVR goes to sleep with less than 1uA (microampere) current and
wait Ior external interrupt on pin PB1 to awake Irom sleep and continue
operating.

II you press the S2 key, the logic oI this pin goes to '0' (0V) and AVR awake
Irome the sleep mode (because PB1 is INT0) and check iI pressed the S1 key.
II not, the AVR take as pressed key the S2. II yes the AVR take as pressed key
the S1.
II you press the S1 key the logic oI this pin and PB1 (through 1N4148) goes to
'0' (0V). In this case the AVR take as pressed key the S1.

AIter, calculate the checksum and transmit 4 times the same 4 byte sequence
to make sure that receiver takes the data and goes to sleep mode until next
interrupt on PB1.
When the INT0 pin (PB1) oI AVR goes to 0V, the transmitter TLP434A is
working. II you stop press the switch S1 or S2, the TLP is stop working.

4 The saIe transmition oI the data based to transmition oI 4 bytes with serial
Iorm at 2400 bps (bits per seconds). 1st and 2nd byte are Ior recognition oI
valid remote control Irom receiver (like ID bytes), 3rd byte is command byte.
The relays status dependet by the value oI this byte. Finaly, the 4th byte is the
checksum oI the earlier 3 bytes.

example: iI byte130h, byte235h and byte302h the 4th byte (chechsum) will be
(byte1) XOR (byte2) XOR (byte3) 30h XOR 35h XOR 03h 06h.
This method use 4 bytes x 8 bit each 32 bit length (without start and stop bits). That
is mean 1 possibility at 4.294.967.295 to receive the receiver, the same 4 bytes Irom
some other RF device.

This transmitter will work with all 2323 chips but better is AT90$2323 with
working voltage 2.7 - 6 volts.The microcontroller that I use is AT90$2323 with
working voltage 4 - 6 volts. Its worked Iine with 3v lithium battery.


As antenna you can use ~7cm cable in to transmitter`s box.





#eceiver description







$chematic of the receiver

The receiver constituted by RF receiver module RLP434A at 418MHz, the microcontroller
AT90S2313 and the 2 relays with can handle any electric (or electronic) device up to 10
Amps (the contacts oI my relays are 10Amp at 250Volts).

The RLP434A is an RF receiver module with receipt Irequency at 418MHz with ASK
modulation. There are 2 outputs Irom this module, the digital, with levels Irom 0v to VCC (5
volts in our case) and the analog output. Analog output is not used. The transmitter send 4
bytes with 2400bps 4 times and the receiver RLP-434A, collect them and move them
to AT90S2313 to RxD pin, PD0.
Two reasons to select AT90S2313 (20pins) instead oI AT90S2343 (8pins) is because

a.) AT90S2313 use a hardware UART adjusted at 2400bps and the hardware UART
is more stable, with smaller code, than soItware UART that I use in the transmitter. II
some serial data arrive at the middle-time oI some other routine other than receive
routine, Ior sure we will loose this bits oI data. The hardware UART does not have
this problem because have buIIer Ior this (UDR register). This is what I mean that
the hardware UART is "stable".

b.) with AT90S2313 we can drive up to 14 relays with Iuture upgrade oI the
Iirmware, one relay to each pin.

As antenna you can use a cable 30 - 35cm long


The power supply


The power supply of receiver

The power supply oI RF receiver constituted by 2 voltage regulator, LM7812 and
LM7805. The Iirst (12V) its only to power the 2 relays and the 2nd (5V) to power the
AVR microcontroller and the RF receiver module. The LED, is voltage indicator and
the 4 capacitors are to Ilattening the voltage.



Usage of transmitter

Power on the receiver and press S1 key to transmitter. You will see that relay on
PB0 oI receiver will arm. II you press one more time the same key, the relay will
dissarm. II you press S2 key Irom transmitter you will see that relay on PB1 oI
receiver will arm. II you press one more time the same key, the relay will dissarm.
Each key is Ior 1 relay only.

I choose to drive 2 relays and not only 1 because Ior some application like garage
door 1 relay can handle the door (open-close) and the other to turn-on or oII the light
oI the garage.


UPDATED!!!

New Ieature added! roll-code. Roll-code Iunction is increase the saIety oI remote
control, because it is change the transmitting code everytime you press any key on the
remote control (AT90S2323 circuit) and the RF thieI scanners will be useless!


Click here to download the Iirmware, source code and schematic Ior AT90S2313 and A

The RF modules TLP434A and RLP434A are Irom Laipac

On these pages, I will introduce Remote Controller with Radio Frequency. The electric wave
sending-out is controlled with the code by PIC Ior transmission and the code is deciphered by
PIC Ior receiving.