IAP MS SERIES:

THORAX AND ABDOMEN

Christian Orense, PTRP

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THORAX / CHEST
REGION OF THE

BODY BETWEEN THE NECK & ABDOMEN

FLATTENED IN

FRONT AND BEHIND BUT ROUNDED AT THE SIDES

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BODY CAVITIES

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Tuesday, December 6, 11

Thoracic Cavity
It can be divided into a median

partition MEDIASTINUM, and the laterally placed PLEURAE & LUNGS

Visceral Parietal

Covering of the LUNGS

pleura pleura

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Thoracic Cavity

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Pleural Lining
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THORACIC CAGE (RIB CAGE)

FRAME WORK OF THE THORACIC

WALL
FUNCTIONS:
PROTECTION ATTACHMENT BREATHING
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STRUCTURE OF THE THORACIC WALL

FORMED BY:
Thoracic Sternum

vertebra: Posterior & costal cartilages:

Anterior

Ribs

& intercostal spaces: Lateral membrane: Superior Inferior

Suprapleural Diaphragm:
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Sternum
Lies in the MIDLINE of the

anterior chest wall

Flat bone divided into:

Manubrium Sterni Body of the sternum Xiphoid process

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 Sternal Angle/ angle of Louis

Formed

by the articulation of the manubrium with the body of sternum lies opposite the IVD between T4 & T5

It

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Jugular Notch
Slight depression at the superior end

of the sternum
Location: between the ends of the

clavicles where they articulate with the manubrium of the sternum

At the of the neck.
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Costal Cartilages
Bars of hyaline cartilages

connecting the UPPER SEVEN RIBS to the LATERAL EDGE of the STERNUM and the 8,9,10th RIBS to the cartilage immediately above the abdominal musculature

11 and 12th ribs cartilages end in

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Tuesday, December 6, 11

Ribs
12 pairs attached posteriorly to the

thoracic vertebrae

UPPER SEVEN PAIRS attached anteriorly

to the STERNUM by their COSTAL CARTILAGES (TRUE RIBS)

8,9,10th PAIRS attached anteriorly to

each other and to the 7th rib by means of costal cartilages and small synovial jts

11th & 12th : FLOATING RIBS

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Ribs Parts: Head Neck Tubercle Shaft Angle

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Tuesday, December 6, 11

JOINTS

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JOINTS OF THE STERNUM

MANUBRIOSTERNAL

JOINT

BETWEEN MANUBRIUM AND BODY OF STERNUM

XIPHISTERNAL JOINT

BETWEEN XIPHOID PROCESS AND BODY OF STERNUM

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JOINTS OF THE RIBS

COSTOVERTEBRAL

JOINT

COSTOTRANSVERSE

JOINT

BETWEEN HEAD OF THE RIB AND FACET FOR HEAD OF THE RIB ON THE VERTEBRAL BODY

BETWEEN THE TUBERCL E OF THE RIB AND FACET FOR THE TUBERCLE OF THE RIB ON THE TRANSVERSE PROCESS

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COSTOCHONDRAL JOINTS
ARTICULATION BETWEEN THE COSTAL

CARTILAGES AND PARTS OF THE STERNUM

1ST- MANUBRIUM 2ND-MANUBRIUM AND BODY 3RD -7TH-LATERAL BORDER OF STERNUM 6-10TH- WITH EACH OTHER 11-12TH- ANDOMINAL MUSCULATURE
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Tuesday, December 6, 11

Intercostal Spaces
Spaces between the ribs Each spaces contains three mm

of respiration:
External Internal

intercostal intercostal mm

intercostal

Innermost
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Muscles of the Thorax

Serratus anterior Diaphragm Internal intercostals External intercostals

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 Primary mm of respiration Dome shaped 3 Origin parts of the

Diaphragm

DIAPHRAGM
Sternal Costal

part part

part

Vertebral
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EXTERNAL AND

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SERRATUS ANTERIOR

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Surface Anatomy
ANTERIOR CHEST WALL

Suprasternal notch Sternal angle Xiphisternal jt Ribs Diphragm Nipple Apex beat of the heart Axillary folds

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 POSTERIOR CHEST WALL

Spinous C7 Scapula

process

Superior Spine-

angle- T2

T3 angle- T7

Inferior
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ABDOMEN

Region of the trunk that lies

between the DIAPHRAGM above and the INLET OF THE PELVIS below

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Structure of the Abdominal Walls

Border

Superior: Diaphragm Inferior : Pelvic inlet Anterior: Above by the lower part of the thoracic cage Below by the abdominal mm Posterior:
L5

vertebra, IVD, rib, upper part of the bony pelvis

Lateral :
12th

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Functions of the Abdominal Wall

Protection Breathing

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Mm of the Abdominal Wall

External Oblique Internal Oblique Transversus Abdominis Rectus Abdominis Quadratus Lumborum
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RECTUS ABDOMINIS

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EXTERNAL & INTERNAL OBLIQUE

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TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS

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QUADRATUS LUMBORUM

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END OF LECTURE

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