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PNEUMATIC
Pneumatic Level 2 (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Engine Bleed System Description (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Pneumatic System Warnings (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Pneumatic System Operation (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 APU Bleed Air SPLY/X-Bleed System D/O (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 BMC Interfaces (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Pneumatic Leak Detection System D/O (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
U3T06191 - U13T1M0
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ENGINE BLEED
The engine bleed air is pressure and temperature regulated prior to supplying the pneumatic system. Air is bled from two engine High Pressure Compressor (HPC) stages, the Intermediate Pressure (IP) stage and the HP stage. The High Pressure Bleed Valve (HPV) supplies air to the system when the engines are at low power. Once the IP bleed is sufficient, the HPV closes. All the engine bleed air is supplied to the pneumatic system through the main engine BLEED valve (or Pressure Regulating Valve (PRV)), which acts as a shut off and overall system pressure regulating valve. Each Bleed Monitoring Computer (BMC) monitors system pressure and will shut down the engine bleed in case of excessive pressure. In addition, an Overpressure Valve (OPV) is installed downstream from the bleed valve to protect the system in case of overpressure. The temperature of the engine bleed air is regulated to a maximum value. The hot bleed air goes through an air-to-air heat exchanger called the precooler. Fan discharge air modulated by the Fan Air Valve (FAV), blows across the pre-cooler to maintain the temperature within limits.
HP VALVE
Switching between IP and HP is done pneumatically when the IP stage pressure is not sufficient (engine at low speed). The HP VLV pneumatically regulates the air supply between 8 and 36 psi. The HP VLV is forced to close when the PRV is closed via the PRV/HP VLV sense line. In flight, the Engine Electronic Controller (EEC) for IAE V2500-5A engines or the BMC for the A318/A319 fitted with CFM56 engines maintains the HP VLV closed. When the solenoid is de-energized, the opening of the HP VLV is not inhibited. The solenoid will be energized by the BMC/EEC (depending on the engine type) when: - the engine is above idle, the pressure PS3 is greater than 110 psi for the single aisle family IAE V2500 engines, or 80 psi for the CFM-56 engines. - the Wing Anti-Ice (WAI) is OFF, - the altitude is over 15,000 ft, - the pack configuration is normal.
IP CHECK VALVE
The IP check valve protects the IP stage from reverse flow when the HP VLV is open.
PRV/CONTROL SOLENOID
The PRV pneumatically regulates the bleed pressure around 44 psi. A thermal fuse causes the valve to close in case of engine fire at 450C
MAINTENANCE COURSE - T1 (CFM56-5B/ME) 36 - PNEUMATIC
OPV
The Overpressure Valve (OPV), which is normally open, closes pneumatically. The OPV starts to close at 75 psi. It is fully closed at 85 psi and opens again at around 35 psi.
REGULATED PRESSURE
A transducer, connected to both BMCs, reads the regulated pressure downstream from the PRV. This pressure is indicated on the ECAM. NOTE: Note: for the enhanced pneumatic system, the cooling efficiency is increased due to a new heat exchanger.
TRANSFERRED PRESSURE
A transducer, connected to the related BMC, reads the transferred pressure downstream from the High Pressure Valve (HPV). This pressure is used to monitor the PRV and the HPV.
FAV/CONTROL THERMOSTAT
The Fan Air Valve (FAV) pneumatically regulates the fan airflow to the precooler for bleed air temperature regulation at 200C (392F). The FAV is pneumatically controlled by an external servo-control: the FAV control thermostat (CTL THERMST), located downstream from the precooler.
PRECOOLER
The precooler is an air-to-air heat exchanger. NOTE: for the A318, the thermal efficiency is increased.
X BLEED FAULT
When the APU is running and the APU bleed is set to ON, if a X BLEED FAULT occurs, the aural warning sounds, the MASTER CAUT light comes on. The failure is shown amber on the EWD associated to indications on the ECAM BLEED page. The engines and the APU are running. The APU bleed is set to ON. If, after setting APU bleed air to OFF, the X bleed valve position disagrees with the command logic, this warning is triggered. This warning also occurs, when the valve is stuck to close and the APU bleed P/B is set to ON. The warning always occurs, when there is a disagreement between the valve and the desired position.
If a BLEED 1 (2) OFF occurs, the aural warning sounds, the MASTER CAUT light comes on, the ENG BLEED OFF light comes on if one engine bleed is switched off. The failure is shown amber on the EWD associated to indications on the ECAM BLEED page.
HP GROUND CONNECTION
The pneumatic system may be supplied by a ground cart. The supply duct is located to the left of the cross bleed valve. Only the LH bleed system is supplied. When the X-BLEED selector is in the OPEN position, the ground air supply will be available to supply the LH and RH system together.
X-BLEED SYSTEM
The cross bleed (X-BLEED) valve permits the isolation or the interconnection of the left and right bleed air systems. The OPEN manual control is used for: - cross supply of the packs, - engine cross bleed start on ground only, - engine bleed air failure in icing conditions for Wing Anti-Ice (WAI) supply, - engine 2 start from ground cart supply. The X-BLEED valve is an electrically controlled shut-off valve. It is operated by two electrical DC motors: - the primary motor is used for AUTOmatic mode, the position of the valve is controlled by the Bleed Monitoring Computer (BMC) according to APU bleed configuration,
INPUTS
MAINTENANCE COURSE - T1 (CFM56-5B/ME) 36 - PNEUMATIC BMC INTERFACES (3) May 10, 2006 Page 39
OUTPUTS
MAINTENANCE COURSE - T1 (CFM56-5B/ME) 36 - PNEUMATIC BMC INTERFACES (3) May 10, 2006 Page 41
ROUTING
MAINTENANCE COURSE - T1 (CFM56-5B/ME) 36 - PNEUMATIC PNEUMATIC LEAK DETECTION SYSTEM D/O (3) May 10, 2006 Page 43
WARNING LOGIC
MAINTENANCE COURSE - T1 (CFM56-5B/ME) 36 - PNEUMATIC PNEUMATIC LEAK DETECTION SYSTEM D/O (3) May 10, 2006 Page 45
FAULT LOGIC
MAINTENANCE COURSE - T1 (CFM56-5B/ME) 36 - PNEUMATIC PNEUMATIC LEAK DETECTION SYSTEM D/O (3) May 10, 2006 Page 47
LEAK CONSEQUENCE
MAINTENANCE COURSE - T1 (CFM56-5B/ME) 36 - PNEUMATIC PNEUMATIC LEAK DETECTION SYSTEM D/O (3) May 10, 2006 Page 49
AIRBUS S.A.S. 31707 BLAGNAC cedex, FRANCE STM REFERENCE U3T06191 MAY 2006 PRINTED IN FRANCE AIRBUS S.A.S. 2006 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED AN EADS JOINT COMPANY WITH BAE SYSTEMS