Lecture Notes: Introduction to Finite Element Method Chapter 6.

Solid Elements
1999 Yijun Liu, University of Cincinnati 138
Chapter 6. Solid Elements for 3-D Problems
I. 3-D Elasticity Theory
Stress State:
y
F
x
z


y

yx

yz

zy

zx

xz

xy

y , v
x, u
z, w
Lecture Notes: Introduction to Finite Element Method Chapter 6. Solid Elements
1999 Yijun Liu, University of Cincinnati 139
{ }
[ ]
) 1 ( ,
ij
zx
yz
xy
z
y
x
or

'

Strains:
{ }
[ ]
) 2 ( ,
ij
zx
yz
xy
z
y
x
or

'

Stress-strain relation:

'

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
1

'

zx
yz
xy
z
y
x
zx
yz
xy
z
y
x
v
v
v
v v v
v v v
v v v
v v
E

2
2 1
0 0 0 0 0
0
2
2 1
0 0 0 0
0 0
2
2 1
0 0 0
0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1
) 2 1 )( 1 (
or ) 3 ( E
Lecture Notes: Introduction to Finite Element Method Chapter 6. Solid Elements
1999 Yijun Liu, University of Cincinnati 140
Displacement:
) 4 (
) , , (
) , , (
) , , (
3
2
1

'

'

u
u
u
z y x w
z y x v
z y x u
u
Strain-Displacement Relation:
) 5 ( , ,
, , ,
x
w
z
u
z
v
y
w
y
u
x
v
z
w
y
v
x
u
xz yz xy
z y x

or
( )
( )
notation) tensor (
2
1
simply, or
3 , 2 , 1 , ,
2
1
, , i j j i ij
i
j
j
i
ij
u u
j i
x
u
x
u
+

,
_

Lecture Notes: Introduction to Finite Element Method Chapter 6. Solid Elements

1999 Yijun Liu, University of Cincinnati 141
Equilibrium Equations:
0
or
, 0
) 6 ( , 0
, 0
,
+
+

i j ij
z
z
zy
zx
y
yz y yx
x
xz
xy
x
f
f
z y x
f
z y x
f
z y x

Boundary Conditions (BCs):

) traction (
) 7 ( ) ( ,
) ( ,
j ij i
i i
u i i
n t
traction specified on t t
nt displaceme specified on u u

Stress Analysis:
Solving equations in (6) under the BCs in (7).
p
n

) (

+
u
Lecture Notes: Introduction to Finite Element Method Chapter 6. Solid Elements
1999 Yijun Liu, University of Cincinnati 142
II. Finite Element Formulation
Displacement Field:

i
N
i
i
i
N
i
i
N
i
i i
w N w
v N v
u N u

1
1
1
) 8 (
Nodal values
In matrix form:
) 9 (
) 1 3 (
) 3 3 ( ) 1 3 (
2
2
2
1
1
1
2 1
2 1
2 1
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0

'

1
1
]
1

'

N
N
w
v
u
w
v
u
N N
N N
N N
w
v
u
M
L
L
L
or d N u
Using relations (5) and (8), we can derive the strain vector
=B d
(61) (63N)(3N1)
Lecture Notes: Introduction to Finite Element Method Chapter 6. Solid Elements
1999 Yijun Liu, University of Cincinnati 143
Stiffness Matrix:
) 10 (

v
T
dv B E B k
(3N) (3N6)(66)(63N)
Numerical quadratures are often needed to evaluate the
above integration.
Rigid-body motions for 3-D bodies (6 components):
3 translations, 3 rotations.
These rigid-body motions (singularity of the system of
equations) must be removed from the FEA model to ensure the
quality of the analysis.