Name

Structure Compounds called proteins and phospholipids make up most of the membrane. Not one solid piece. Cell walls are made of specialized sugars

Function Keeps all the pieces inside the cell inside. Proteins that are found around the holes of the membrane help move molecules in and out of the cell.

Plasma Membrane

Cell Wall

called cellulose. Cellulose provides a protected framework for a plant cell to survive. Contains a fluid called

Cell walls help a plant keep its shape. They also help to protect it.

Cytoplasmic Matrix

cytosol. Also contains enzymes, fatty acids, sugars and amino acids. Rough ER and Smooth ER have the same types of membranes but they have

Fill up the cell. Enzymes, fatty acids, sugars and amino acids are all used to keep the cell working.

Smooth ER acts as a storage organelle. Stores ions in a solution that the cell may need later. Rough ER is important in synthesis and packages proteins. Some proteins might be used and some might be sent out of the cell.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

different shapes. Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it and is all bumpy. Smooth ER does not have ribosomes and it looks like a bunch of smooth tubes.

Vacuoles

The vacuole has a membrane surrounding it and contains a mass of fluid. The fluid contains either nutrients or waste products. The Golgi complex is a series of membranes shaped like pancakes. It surrounds an area of fluid where the complex molecules such as proteins, sugars and enzymes are stored and changed for future use or to be sent out of the cell. You will also find ribosomes attached to it because it absorbs vesicles from the Rough ER.

The vacuole might store food or any variety of nutrients a cell might need to survive. They can also store waste products so the rest of the cell is protected from contamination. Eventually the waste would be sent out of the cell.

Gathers simple molecules and combines them to make more complex molecules. Then takes the bigger molecules and packages them in vesicles and can store them for later or send them out of the cell.

Golgi Body

There are two parts that make up the ribosome. One is larger and one is Ribosomes smaller. When it is time to make a protein the two parts come together and start the protein synthesis. Tiny and hair-like. If there are many of them, Cilia they are called cilia. Microtubules make up the cilia. Tiny and hair-like. If there is only one or a few, they are called flagella. Has two membranes. Outer membrane covers the organelles and contains it. The inner membrane folds over many times. These folds are known as cristae. Specialized vesicle that holds a variety of enzymes that were first made in the Endoplasmic Reticulum. Some ribosomes are floating around the cell. These ribosomes specifically make proteins that will be used outside the cell. The other ribosomes are attached to the Rough ER. These make proteins to be used inside the cell and proteins to be exported out of the cell.

Move liquid past the surface of the cell so the cell can move.

Flagellum

Helps single cells such as sperm to swim.

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell. Takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy for the cell.

Lysosomes

Digest things such as food or to break down the cell when it dies.

Centrioles

Plastids

Nucleus

Nucleolus

A centriole is a small set of microtubules arranged in a specific way. There are nine groups of microtubules. When two centrioles are found next to each other, they are usually at right angles. Two membranes. Contains pigments. The nuclear envelope surrounds the nucleus and all of its contents. The nuclear envelope is a membrane similar to the cell membrane around the whole cell. There are pores and spaces for RNA and proteins to pass through while the nuclear envelope keeps all of the chromatin and nucleolus inside. Composed of DNA, RNA, and protein. DNA presents codes for the RNA.

When it comes time for a cell to divide, the centrioles duplicate. During prophase, the centrioles move to opposite ends of the nucleus and a mitotic spindle of threads begins to appear. Once the entire cell begins to split in telophase, the chromosomes begin to unravel and new nuclear envelopes begin to appear. Store specific things for the cell.

Regulates all cell activity by controlling the enzymes that are present in the cell.

Produces ribosomes, moves the rough ER and is critical in protein synthesis.

Peroxisome

Phagocytic Vacuole

Pinocytic Vesicle

Central Vacuole

Similar to lysosomes. Small vesicles found around the cell. Single membrane that contains enzymes for breaking down materials in the cell. Large particles and microorganisms are enclosed in this. Small amounts of the surrounding liquid with its solute molecules. Large membrane bound structure. Fills most of the interior of the cell. Filled mostly with water but always with some impurities.

Peroxisomes absorb nutrients that the cell has acquired. They are known for digesting fatty acids.

The mouth of the cell that stores food.

Stores water for the cell.

Creates turgor pressure when the cell is surrounded by sufficient water. Osmosis causes this vacuole to swell and causes the cell to press against the cell wall (turgor pressure). Keeps the cell from collapsing.