ONLINE RESERVATION SYSTEM OF HOTEL WHITE PALACE SWAT DEVELOPED BY: ISRAR AHMAD BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE (HONS)

(SESSION 2005-2009) SUPERVISED BY: Mr. FAKHR UDDIN (LACTURER IN DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT) DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & IT UNIVERSITY OF MALAKAND N-W.F.P, PAKISTAN i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For the completion of this work, I am thankful to Almighty Allah, whose grace an d mercy blessed me with good health and enthusiasm .It was sheer boon of Allah t hat I got loving, inspiring and talented teacher who provided me the intellectua l guidance, moral support and all-round help for the fulfillment of my assignmen ts. I offer my humblest thanks from my heart to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), who is forever a torch of guidance and knowledge for humanity as a whole. I am very th ankful to Professor Dr. Rasool Jan, Vice Chancellor University of Malakand, whos e personal interest in the establishment of labs, encouraging attitude, unfailin g patience and strong commitment made it possible to conduct this project on a v enue too young for such kind of activities. I am grateful to Mr. Muhammad Salaam Muslim Chairman Department of Computer Science & IT, for his sincere guidance, continuous co-operation and useful suggestions. I deem it utmost pleasure to ava il this opportunity to express my heartiest gratitude to my supervisor, Mr. Fakh r Uddin, lecturer department of Computer Science & IT, University of Malakand. H is skillful guidance, technical approach, art of making useful suggestions and i nspiring attitude which helped me to undertake and accomplish this manuscript. ii

I am also thankful to all the teachers of Computer Science & IT Department, Univ ersity of Malakand. I extend my heartiest gratitude to my ever co-operative and sincere teacher; Mr. Muhammad Zahid Khan (doing phd in UK). I extend words of ac knowledgment to my respected colleagues, Faisal Nawaz Khan, Muzzamil Khan, Atta Ur Rehman,Ali Shah, Abdul Samad Khan, Abdul Ahad, Irfan ul Haq, Khalid Imran, Ku shdil, Sajjid, Arshad khan, Kashif Khan. I am also thankful to my brother Dr.Jam il Ahmad whose sincere whishes accompanied me all the time. Finally I am very mu ch grateful to my parents, kins whose sincere praying accompanied me all my care er. It was in fact their moral and financial support that gave me the confidence for taking this work. To err is human, to forgive is divine. Israr Ahmad iii

PROJECT IN BRIEF Project Name: Objectives: Online Reservation System for Hotel White Palace To Develop Software That will f acilitate The online Room reservation for Hotel White Palace System Developed by: Supervised By: Mr. Israr Ahmad Mr. Fakhr Uddin (Lecturer in department of Computer Science University of Malakand) Duration: Software Used One Month. PHP, My SQL Html, CSS Java Script, ASP Macromedia Dream weaver Ms FrontPage, Mac romedia Flash MX Adobe Photoshop. System Used: Operating System: Pentium IV, 1.8GHZ, 512MB of RAM Windows XP 2006 SP2 Professional edition iv

DEDICATION My most beloved Parents, brothers and sisters whose prayers and supports enabled me to complete my BCS degree with the successful completion of this project. v

APPROVAL CERTIFICATE It is certified that thesis submitted by Mr. Israr Ahmad is up to the standard a nd we hereby approve it for acceptance as a partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelors Degree(Hons) in Computer Science. Internal Examiner & Supervisor: Mr. Fakhr Uddin Lecturer in Department Of Computer Science & IT, University Of M alakand, NWFP, Pakistan. External Examiner: Chairman: Chairman, Department Of Computer Science &IT, University Of Malakand, Pakistan. vi

Introduction to Organization CHAPTER # 1 In This Chapter Introduction Objectives Present Departments Structure Project Definition

Requirements of Organization

Chapter 1 Introduction to Organization CHAPTER 1 1.1 Introduction White Palace was built in 1941 By the 1st King of Swat valley (Mian Gul Abdul Wa dood) Later the palace was converted into a tourist resort hotel. The Hotel is l ocated at 7000 feet above sea level on Marghazar Hill Swat valley offers beautif ul views and good service and good food. Hotel White Palace has a rich historica l background built in 1941 as the summer resort for the King of Swat, Hotel Whit e Palace is the place which was desired & admired by Artisan, Scholar, King and Queens. The resort is located in SWAT Valley. The Chinese pilgrims in the 5t h & 6th century called it the Valley of Hanging Chains. At one time, SWAT, r epresented the famous GANDHARA CIVILIZATION. Hotel White Palace, built in 1941 b y King Wadood as a summer house, was a proud host to Queen Elizabeth as a guest. Enjoy a relaxing vacation - angling for Swat river trout & local tours to A rchaeological sites. For the more active, try golf, hunting or skiing. During th e season, savior apples, apricot, pears etc. within resort compound. Queen Eliza beth of Great Britain stayed at White Palace for three days, as she discovered the deep traditions & history which surround the Swat Valley. Eve n the marble used in the palace have the significance, coming from the same quar ry that supplied the Taj Mahal. The longer you stay, the richer your experience will become as you discover all that the Swat Valley has offer. 1.2 Objectives Objectives of the Hotel White Palace: To provide guests with a certain amount of time for a certain amount of money and to rking staff in a positive and professional manner. Making sure paid and well cared for. 1 Online Reservation System of Hotel a place to stay for direct his/her wo staff are getting White Palace

Chapter 1 Introduction to Organization To promote international, regional and domestic tourism . The objective of Hotel s in Galicia is to offer you the most complete source of hotel accommodation possible in this beautiful region of green or Swat The management Of White Palace Believe in an exceptional workface to provide world-class services to their customers. They want to ensure that not only they satisfy their customer but also delight them. 1.3 Present Departments Structure: Director Manager Human Resource Executive Administration officer Administration Super-visor Reservation Officers Office Assistance 2 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace

Chapter 1 Introduction to Organization 1.4 Detail Requirements of the Organization. Following are some of the requirements that the organization expecting from this computerize system Initial Requirements: a) Maintain Reservations 1.1) Create a reservation: obtain a reservation no. and enter all reservation details 2.2) Up date a reservation: change any reservation details except reservation number 3.3 ) continue a reservation: continue a complex reservation of more than one input screen 4.4) accept a reservation: finalize a reservation b) Confirm reservation 1.1) massage to client confirming the reservation details c) Reports 1.1) room t ype report: Lists room types and availability 2.2) reservation report: Lists arr ival date and reservation number for the reservations billing name and address Ro om data used relates to room type, price and description in English. 3 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace

Chapter 1 Introduction to Organization Any one can make reservation for room type. The system confirms a reservation in English. To computerize reservation process of the Hotel White Palace To facili tate the administration in handling the reservation . To eradicate the discrepan cies in the manual system. Keeping Record of the reservation form. Make able the customers to reserve rooms online. A website that gives day to day information. 1.5 Project Definition Overview: This online reservation system is part of an accommodation system of h otel White Palace. This section provides an overview of requested system. The de tailed functionality of Hotel White Palace reservation system together with the navigation to reach it within the hotel system will be described in requirements section. The Online reservation system supports the following functions related to the letting of hotel rooms: 1- maintain reservations 2- confirm reservation Room data used related to room type, price and description and anyone can make a online reservation for rooms. The system confirms a reservation in English, It also possible to cancel reservation. So the main function of reservation process is to request for rooms. Below is the detailed process of reservation process. A) Determine the room and rate availability B) Create the reservation record C) Confirm the reservation record 4 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace

Chapter 1 D) Maintain the reservation record E) Produce reservation reports. Introduction to Organization .the system has been designed in a powerful RDBMS tool called mySQL Server and P HP which manages the huge database very efficiently and provide high performance . The system can be run stand alone and network environment without the hazard o f making changes to the code of the program. The software is very user friendly and no need of expert person for its operation, but everyone can easily run the software and can get the result. 5 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace

Present System CHAPTER # 2 In This Chapter Present System Reservation Procedure

Drawbacks in the Present System

Chapter2 Present System CHAPTER 2 2.1 THE PRESENT SYSTEM The current reservation system of Hotel White Palace is a manual system. In orde r to make a computer based online Reservation system, we first check the current system so that we get to know about the flaws and shortcomings in this system. This study will help us to design such a computerized online system of reservati on which would be free of all the flaws, now present in this manual system of th e Hotel and will facilitate both the customers as well as the administrative sta ff of the Hotel White Palace. The present manual system of reservation Process i s only to determine Basic Room Availability. That is to say, the reservation cle rk can only tell the potential guest that a room is reserved for him/her. Howeve r, the reservation clerk can not tell the customers the type of the room and rat e. At last, in the case of present manual system all the record is kept in docum ent form. There is no system for proper record storage and sorting the informati on provided by the customers. All this is done manually and every now and then, there is a chance of getting erratic information. The manual system is thus no g uarantee. 2.3 The reservation procedure Reservation process consists of the following steps: Guests can communicate thei r reservation inquiries in person, over the telephone, via mail, through facsimi le, telex, e-mail Moreover, reservation inquiries can be made through a Central R eservation System or an Intersell Agency. While getting a reservation inquiry, t he reservation agent obtain the following guest-related information: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) Guests name, address and telephone number Company or travel agency n ame Date of arrival and departure Type and number of rooms requested Desired roo m rate Number of people in the group, if applicable Method of payment and/or gua rantee Any other special requests 6 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace Swat

Chapter2 Present System 2.4 Drawbacks in the present system During the system study, many drawbacks have been observed as following: ctor Chances of loss of data Chances of errors Redundancy Inconsistency Wastage of stationery Wastage of man power Wastage of efforts To search the data quickly is difficult More labor to human. No backup facilities. 7 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace Swat

Proposed System CHAPTER # 3 In This Chapter Proposed System m Objectives of the Proposed System Features of the Proposed Syste

Chapter 3 Proposed System CHAPTER 3 3.1 PROPOSED SYSTEM After the detailed study of current system, it is good to propose a new system. As computer is one of the leading technologies now a day, so we proposed a compu ter-based system, which fulfill all the requirements of the organization easily and will be the solution to the problem faced by manual system. The computerizat ion of a system means to change it from manual to a computer-based system. To au diometer the work and to provide efficiency, accuracy, timelessness, security an d economy. A computer-based system is a tool, which can help the management to e xercise an Effective and timely decision-making. 3.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM Before designing any computer-based system, it is necessary to establish the obj ectives that proposed system should satisfy. The relative important of each obje ctive also needs to establish. An effective system is proposed with the followin g features The proposed system is replacement of the existing system, which is c onventional. The proposed system should be more efficient and useful than the ex isting manual system. It should minimize the time involved in processing and ret rieval of information. It should be error free and provide accurate information. The new computer-based system should have the capacity to store and manipulate data entered into it. The proposed system should comprehensive database, which p rovides access, insertion, updation and deletion on each file and facilitate onl ine queries and data promoting at where cursor is placed. The new system should be simple so that its structure, operation and procedure should be maintained ea sily. 8 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace Swat

Chapter 3 Proposed System The system should be sufficiently flexible, to cope with future requirements, i. e. system should support large amount of data, which will be increasing in futur e with the passage of time very efficiently. The system should be user friendly and menu driven so that any data entry operator can easily enter the data and th e management can get the reports easily and the computer screens should guide th e user, where to find the required menu. The proposed system should minimize the data redundancy, which frequently occurs in non-computerize system. The propose d system enables the management to get adhoc reports for making quick decisions, which are not possible in manual system 3.3 FEATURES OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM 1) To animate the process of addition/updating of data files. 2) To remove the p ossibility of data redundancy. 4) To develop the user-friendly system. Primary User interface For better user interaction, whether operator or executive, inter active inputs screen is well designed. They would make data entry simple and eas y for the user and data will be accepted in the same manner as it is done manual ly but in a much attractive way. Updating This facility should be provide to upd ate the field of the record in the system in updation, user could change any fie ld of the record except, the key field of the existing records. Data validation Various checks should be provide in the database for the data entry updation to ensure data security and validity. Data validation checks would be provided to e nsure that no duplicate 9 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace Swat

Chapter 3 Proposed System keys are allowed to be entered. In an attempt to enter a record thus eliminate t he chance of duplications. Similarly all coded fields are checked for valid rang e of values and error messages. Generality The good quality of the proposed syst em is that it can be used in almost every organization, whether it is institutio nal, public or personal sector. Simple to use The program requires no special tr aining for its operation, because it is user friendly and communicates with user in simple English language. Thus any person who has some knowledge of computer and English language can use it. Updation of records The system provides updatin g facility. The user can update any of the candidate record. Deletion of records The system also provides deletion facility. The user can delete any of the reco rd etc, if he/she is authorized. Data handling The present manual system require s stationary for the entry of data. There is therefore a greater chance of mista kes leading to errors, which result in system inefficiency and inadequacy. In pr oposed system data validity checks have been incorporated to minimize the chance s of entering incorrect data. Backup facility A backup facility is provided whic h helps in making the duplicate copy of the data year wise. In case of any damag e to data by virus (these are malicious programs which attach itself to other pr ograms) or power failure the whole record can be fed into the computer again Sea rch facilities Search facilities are provided as Search by name, the system can display the total number of records matching that name at the moment. Bio Data o f Members By entering password, being an authorized user the complete bio data o f Member can be seen 10 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace Swat

Chapter 3 Proposed System 3.4 Project Feasibility Definition Feasibility study is a test of a system proposal according to its workability, i mpact on the organization, ability to meet user needs and effective use of resou rces. The data collected during the preliminary investigation determine the proj ect feasibility i.e. whether the system will be beneficial to the organization. It focuses on three major questions: What are the users demonstrable needs and how does a candidate system meet them? What resources are available for a given candidate system? Is the problem worth solving? What are the likely impacts of the system on the organization? Operatio nal feasibility Operational feasibility depicts whether a system will work succe ssfully whenever developed & installed. There is sufficient support for the new system from management. ii) The current method is not acceptable to the user. So user may welcome a change that will bring more operational & useful system. The proposed system will not cause any poor result in any section. The accessibilit y of information will not be lost are delayed. Performance will neither be slow nor insecure in any system. Technical feasibility Technical feasibility is conce rned with the technology The necessary technology requirement IBM PIV along with a laser Printer, double drive, a mouse and at least 40 GB hard disk. The propos ed equipment has the technical capability to hold the data required to use the n ew system. System can be expanded whenever required. There are technical guarant ees of accuracy, reliability, ease of access and data security. Financial and Ec onomic Feasibility It is also known as cost/benefit analysis, the procedure is t o determine the benefits and saving that are expected from a present system and compare them with cost. 11 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace Swat

Chapter 3 Proposed System 12 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace Swat

Description of The Tools CHAPTER # 4 In This Chapter Introduction of the Tools HTML PHP Scripts Adobe Photoshop Apache web server Dreamweaver 8 MySQL CSS Adobe Flash Mx

Chapter 4 Description of the tools CHAPTER 4 4.1 Introduction The system is developed to the users point of view using hardware and software co mponents that required supporting the system is designed. Program functional spe cifications are to describe all functions performed by each program. Database di ctionary, single sources that define the names and contain all data elements in the system are also included. For this purpose we use ASP as background for the database connectivity and HTML as front end for the forms and JavaScript for the programming. The selection of the software for the designing the application is important and it depends upon the requirement. After analysis various languages , and tools are selected which are discussed as follows. 4.2 HTML The explosive growth of the World Wide Web is relatively unprecedented, although it resembles the desktop publishing revolution of the early and mid-1980s. As p ersonal computers became more common in homes and offices, people began to learn to use them for document creation and page programmer. Although early word proc essing programs were not terribly intuitive and often required memorizing bizarr e codes, people still picked them up fairly easily and managed to create their o wn in-house publications. Suddenly, the same kind of growth is being seen as fol ks rush to create and publish pages of a different sort. To do this, they need t o learn to use something called the Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML). History of HTML HTML developed a few years ago as a subset of SGML (Structure Generalized Mark-u p Language), which is a higher-level mark-up language that has long been a favor ite of the Department of Defense. Like HTML, it describes formatting and hyperte xt links, and it defines different components of a document. HTML is definitely the simpler of the two, and although they are related, there are few browsers th at support both. 12 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace

Chapter 4 Description of the tools Because HTML was conceived for transmission over the Internet (in the form of We b pages) it is much simpler than SGML, which is more of an application-oriented document format. While it s true that many programs can load, edit, create, and save files in the SGML format (just as many programs can create and save program s in the Microsoft Word format), SGML is not exactly ideal for transmission acro ss the Internet to many different types of computers, users, and browser applica tions. HTML is more suited to this task. Designed with these considerations in m ind, HTML lets user, the designer, create pages that user are reasonable, sure c an be read by the entire population on the Web. Even users who are unable to vie w user graphics, for instance, can experience the bulk of what user are communic ating, if user design, user HTML pages properly. At the same time, HTML has a si mple enough format (at least currently) that typical computer users can generate HTML documents without the benefit of a special application. Creating a WordPer fect-format document would be rather difficult by hand (including all of the req uired text size, font, page break, column, margin, and other information), even if it weren t a "proprietary"that is, nonpublicdocument format. HTML is a public s tandard, and simple enough that user can get through a book like this one and ha ve a very strong ability to create HTML documents from scratch. This simplicity is part of a trade-off, as HTML-format documents don t offer nearly the precisio n of control or depth of formatting options that a WordPerfect- or Adobe PageMak er-formatted document would. 4.3 Hypertext Preprocessor PHP, or Hypertext Preprocessor, is a widely used, general-purpose scripting lang uage that was originally designed for web development, to produce dynamic web pa ges. It can be embedded into HTML and generally runs on a web server, which need s to be configured to process PHP code and create web page content from it. It c an be deployed on most web servers and on almost every operating system and plat form free of charge. PHP is installed on over 20 million websites and 1 million web servers. 13 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace

Chapter 4 Description of the tools PHP was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995 and has been in continuous development ever since. The main implementation of PHP is now produced by The PH P Group and serves as the de facto standard for PHP as there is no formal specif ication. PHP is free software released under the PHP License, which is incompati ble with the GNU General Public License (GPL) because of restrictions on the use of the term PHP. PHP has evolved to include a command line interface capability and can also be used in standalone graphical applications. 4.4 Scripts A script is a series of sentences placed one below the other in the form of a pa ragraph. each sentence tells the CPU what it should be doing at that moment in t ime, the sentences will be written in the syntax (grammar) of the scripting lang uage of choice thus the paragraph created (which clubs together all the sentence s) will be the script. A script for example: Assign a value to a variable: A var iable is a named storage location that can hold data Instruct the Web Server to send something: Such as the value of a variable, to a browser. Combine commands into procedures: A procedure is named sequence of commands and statements that a cts as a unit. Executing a script sends the series of commands to a script engin e, which interprets and relays them to the computers CPU. Scripts are written in languages that have specific JavaScript JavaScript is a new scripting language that is being developed by Netscape. With JavaScript programmer can easily create interactive web pages. Many people beli eve that JavaScript is Java because of the similar names. This is not true thoug h. What is needed in order to run scripts written in JavaScript? Programmers nee d a JavaScript-enabled browser. Of course programmers need a basic understanding of HTML before programming in java script. 14 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace

Chapter 4 Description of the tools 4.5 Dreamweaver: Adobe Dreamweaver (formerly Macromedia Dreamweaver) is a web development applica tion originally created by Macromedia, and is now developed by Adobe Systems, wh ich acquired Macromedia in 2005. Dreamweaver is available for both Mac and Windo ws operating systems. Recent versions have incorporated support for web technolo gies such as CSS, JavaScript, and various server-side scripting languages and fr ameworks including ASP, ColdFusion, and PHP. 4.6 MySQL MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS) that has more than 6 mi llion installations. MySQL stands for "My Structured Query Language". The progra m runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. The pro ject has made its source code available under the terms of the GNU General Publi c License, as well as under a variety of proprietary agreements. MySQL is owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish company MySQL AB, now a s ubsidiary of Sun Microsystems. As of 2009 Oracle Corporation began the process o f acquiring Sun Microsystems. MySQL is often used in free software projects that require a full-featured database management system, such as WordPress, phpBB an d other software built on the LAMP software stack. It is also used in very highscale World Wide Web products including Wikipedia, Google and Facebook. 15 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace

Chapter 4 Description of the tools Features As of April 2009, MySQL offers MySQL 5.1 in two different variants: the MySQL Community Server and Enterprise Server. They have a common code base and include the following features: A broad subset of ANSI SQL 99, as well as extensions Cross-platform support Stor ed procedures Triggers Cursors Updatable Views True Varchar support INFORMATION_ SCHEMA Strict mode X/Open XA distributed transaction processing (DTP) support; t wo phase commit as part of this, using Oracle s InnoDB engine Independent storag e engines (MyISAM for read speed, InnoDB for transactions and referential integr ity, MySQL Archive for storing historical data in little space) Transactions wit h the InnoDB, BDB and Cluster storage engines; savepoints with InnoDB SSL suppor t Query caching Sub-SELECTs (i.e. nested SELECTs) Replication support (i.e. Mast er-Master Replication & Master-Slave Replication) with one master per slave, man y slaves per master, no automatic support for multiple masters per slave.

Full-text indexing and searching using MyISAM engine Embedded database library P artial Unicode support (UTF-8 and UCS-2 encoded strings are limited to the BMP) Partial ACID compliance (full compliance only when using the non-default storage engines InnoDB, BDB and Cluster) 16

Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace

Chapter 4 Description of the tools Shared-nothing clustering through MySQL Cluster 4.7 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) CSS is a style sheet language used to describe the presentation semantics (that is, the look and formatting) of a document written in a markup language. Its mos t common application is to style web pages written in HTML and XHTML, but the la nguage can be applied to any kind of XML document, including SVG and XUL. CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content (written in HTM L or a similar markup language) from document presentation, including elements s uch as the layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can improve content access ibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentati on characteristics, enable multiple pages to share formatting, and reduce comple xity and repetition in the structural content (such as by allowing for tableless web design). CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in differe nt styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read out by a speech-based browser or screen reader) and on Braille-based , tactile devices. While the author of a document typically links that document to a CSS style sheet, readers can use a different style sheet, perhaps one on th eir own computer, to override the one the author has specified. CSS specifies a priority scheme to determine which style rules apply if more than one rule match es against a particular element. In this so-called cascade, priorities or weight s are calculated and assigned to rules, so that the results are predictable. Use of CSS Prior to CSS, nearly all of the presentational attributes of HTML documents were contained within the HTML markup; all font colors, background styles, element a lignments, borders and sizes had to be explicitly described, often repeatedly, w ithin the HTML. CSS allows authors to move much of that information to a separat e style sheet resulting in considerably simpler HTML markup. 17 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace

Chapter 4 Description of the tools Headings (h1 elements), sub-headings (h2), sub-sub-headings (h3), etc., are defi ned structurally using HTML. In print and on the screen, choice of font, size, c olor and emphasis for these elements is presentational. Prior to CSS, document a uthors who wanted to assign such typographic characteristics to, say, all h2 hea dings had to use the HTML font and other presentational elements for each occurr ence of that heading type. The additional presentational markup in the HTML made documents more complex, and generally more difficult to maintain. In CSS, prese ntation is separated from structure. In print, CSS can define color, font, text alignment, size, borders, spacing, layout and many other typographic characteris tics. It can do so independently for on-screen and printed views. CSS also defin es non-visual styles such as the speed and emphasis with which text is read out by aural text readers. The W3C now considers the advantages of CSS for defining all aspects of the presentation of HTML pages to be superior to other methods. I t has therefore deprecated the use of all the original presentational HTML marku p. 4.8 Adobe Flash Mx Adobe Flash (formerly Macromedia Flash) is a multimedia platform originally acqu ired by Macromedia and currently developed and distributed by Adobe Systems. Sin ce its introduction in 1996, Flash has become a popular method for adding animat ion and interactivity to web pages. Flash is commonly used to create animation, advertisements, and various web page Flash components, to integrate video into w eb pages, and more recently, to develop rich Internet applications. Flash can ma nipulate vector and raster graphics, and supports bidirectional streaming of aud io and video. It contains a scripting language called ActionScript. Several soft ware products, systems, and devices are able to create or display Flash content, including Adobe Flash Player, which is available free for most common web brows ers, some mobile phones and for other electronic devices (using Flash Lite). The Adobe Flash Professional multimedia authoring program is used to create content for the Adobe Engagement Platform, such as web applications, games and movies, and content for mobile phones and other embedded devices. 18 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace

Chapter 4 Description of the tools Files in the SWF format, traditionally called "ShockWave Flash" movies, "Flash m ovies" or "Flash games", usually have a .swf file extension and may be an object of a web page, strictly "played" in a standalone Flash Player, or incorporated into a Projector, a selfexecuting Flash movie (with the .exe extension in Micros oft Windows or .hqx for Macintosh). Flash Video files[spec 1] have a .flv file e xtension and are either used from within .swf files or played through a flv-awar e player, such as VLC, or QuickTime and Windows Media Player with external codec s added. 4.8 Adobe Photoshop Adobe Photoshop, or simply Photoshop, is a graphics editing program developed an d published by Adobe Systems. It is the current market leader for commercial bit map and image manipulation software, and is the flagship product of Adobe System s. It has been described as "an industry standard for graphics professionals" an d was one of the early "killer applications" on the Macintosh, later also for MS Windows. Adobe s 2005 "Creative Suite" rebranding led to Adobe Photoshop 8 s re naming to Adobe Photoshop CS. Thus, Adobe Photoshop CS4 is the 11th major releas e of Adobe hotoshop. The CS rebranding also resulted in Adobe offering numerous software packages containing multiple Adobe programs for a reduced price. Adobe Photoshop is included in most of Adobe s Creative Suite offerings. Photoshop s p opularity, combined with its high retail price, makes Photoshop s piracy rate re latively high. Adobe countered by including SafeCast DRM starting with Adobe Pho toshop CS. 4.9 Apache web server The Apache HTTP Server is a web server for Unix-like systems, Microsoft Windows, Novell NetWare, Mac OS X and other operating systems. Apache is notable for pla ying a key role in the initial growth of the World Wide Web. When first released , Apache was the only viable open source alternative to the Netscape Communicati ons Corporation web server (currently known as Sun Java System Web 19 Online Res ervation System of Hotel White Palace

Chapter 4 Description of the tools Server). It has since evolved to rival other Unix-based web servers in terms of functionality and performance. Since April 1996 Apache has been the most popular HTTP server on the World Wide Web; as of February 2007 Apache served 58% of all websites. Apache is developed and maintained by an open community of developers under the auspices of the Apache Software Foundation. Released under the Apache License, the Apache HTTP Server is free software. 20 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace

System Design CHAPTER # 5 In This Chapter SDLC Why we choose this model

Chapter 5 SDLC CHAPTER 5 3.4 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC) The traditional methodology used to develop, maintain and replace information sy stems. System development life cycle is shown in the following figure. Recognition of Problems Feasibility Study Analysis Design Implementation & Maintaince Testing & Debugging 21 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace

Chapter 5 SDLC Activities Recognition of Problems Feasibility Study Analysis Top Level Design Detail Level Design Testing Implementation Maintenance Time a) Recognition of Problem: To develop preliminary understanding of the problem t hat has caused a request for a new or enhanced information system. b) Feasibilit y Study: Feasibility is the study of requirements that leads to pursue the selec ted approach or I can say that feasibility study is the study of current system, which is to be changed with new system. c) Analysis: Analysis is essentially ab out identifying and defining business problems, which are worth solving within t he sources likely to be available. d) Design: The design process translates requ irements into a representation of the software that can be assessed for quality before coding begins. e) Testing: Testing is the process of checking the softwar e for different types of errors, order to remove errors. 22 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace

Chapter 5 f) Implementation and Maintenance: SDLC Implementation is the process of converting a new or revised system design an op erational one. Maintenance is very much important, which means restoring somethi ng to its original position. 3.5 WHY WE CHOSE THIS MODEL i) We analyze the requirements rough meetings and interviews. ly accommodated. iii) When one phase. iv) Specifications are in well manner at the beginning of our project th ii) It is much flexible, because changes are easi phase is completed, we dont need to roll back that clear from the scratch.

23 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace

System Design CHAPTER # 6 In This Chapter Introduction System Design t Design Logical Design Physical Design Input Design Input Validation

Outp

Chapter 6 System Design CHAPTER 6 DESIGN 5.1 Introduction In this chapter we describe the design phase of software development. The design phase may be defined as the process of applying various techniques and principle s for the purpose of defining a device, a process or system in sufficient detail to permit its physical realization. Design is the first step in the development phase for engineering system. It refers to the technical specification that will be applied in implementing the candidate system. 5.2 System design System design is the phase where proposed system is actually designed keeping in mind the user requirements. Design is actually the process of analyzing the org anization and its environment, developing a database model that accurately refle cts the organizations functionality in the real world, and implementation of that model by creating a database requires an appropriate methodology. System design can be divided into two phases. Logical design Physical design 5.3 Logical design Logical design describes the detail specification for the proposed/new system. W e can say that it describes its own features. Input, output, file (table) and da tabase in a manner that meets the project needs. Logical design is formulated wh en detailed specifications for the new system are written. Therefore from the ne w system specification we can know how the inputs, outputs, files, database and procedures should be designed so that it satisfies the user requirements. 24 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace

Chapter 6 System Design In logical design work with user is done to develop general system design, choos e best design, develop system flow charts, identify hardware, software and perso nal needs and revise estimates etc. 5.4 Physical design Physical design is a program written in a programming language that takes input, process it and gives output in the form of reports and also stores the data. In other words, the logical design is implemented in physical form in this phase. Physical design refers to the practical work, which is described in logical desi gn. It includes application development i.e. software development/user interface etc. in physical design we do technical design, plan program modules algorithm, files, databases, I/O forms. 5.5 Input design The input design specifies the number in which the user enters the data to the s ystem for processing at later stages. Input design can ensure the reliability of the system and provide accurate data. The input determines weather the user int eracts with the system efficiently or not. The input design can also be explaine d as link between the user and the world. Input design consists of those steps n ecessary to put transaction data into usable for processing data entry and activ ity of submitting the data into computer for processing. A lot of care is requir ed while entering the data. The reason is that invalid input results in invalid outputs. While designing the input for the Hotel White Palace, I kept the follow ing objectives in mind as guidelines. Reducing the amount of data Avoiding error s in data Avoiding extra steps Keeping process multiple Avoiding delays In my pr oject, input is the information about the customers, general clients communicati ng through feedback facility. The operators enter this information . 25 Online R eservation System of Hotel White Palace

Chapter 6

Homogenous data elements

System Design I have take special care in order to make the nature of all the data elements to be same, so that they all are relevant with the customer information and no irr elevant data is included. This helps in keeping the main focus on the informatio n related to customer only. Input forms design The forms used to take the inputs are designed in a simple way. All the logically related items are grouped toget her or tried to place near each other, so that the user has no difficulty in fil ling the form. Screen display While displaying the reservation forms on the scre en all the data elements included in the forms are well separated from each othe r, so that the user feels no difficulty in viewing, finding and filling in the r equired information. 5.6 INPUT VALIDATION Input validation is a general term given to methods, aimed at detecting errors i n the input. The main thing, which is considered in the input, is that what the chances of errors are. Following are input validation used for designing the adm ission system for Hotel White Palace: Empty entry control Data Type Validation 5.7 OUTPUT DESIGN Another step in designing a system is to design its output according to the requ irements of the user .the phase of output design has great importance because in adequate outputs indicate the overall system to be designed poorly. A system is considered to be successful or failed on the basis of output design. The term Out put means after the completion of physical design what comes out of the computer system for the user? The output design in project is considered as the backbone of the project. The major form of output is a hard copy from the printer. All ma nagerial decision is actually 26 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace

Chapter 6 System Design made through these reports. Basically the reports in responses to queries and th en reports can be printed. I took the following points into consideration while designing the output. Outputs required Required data elements Length of data ele ments Who will receive the output How much detail is needed Data type of the dat a element. 27 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace

Analysis Modeling and Design In This Chapter CHAPTER # 7 Logical Database Design

Entity Relationship Model Relationships Entities Functional Analysis DFD Notatio ns Physical Database Design Entity Relationship Diagram Data Flow Diagram

Chapter 7 Analysis Modeling and Design CHAPTER 6 6.1 Logical Database Design The basic and important step in the database development process is Database Ana lysis, in which we determine user requirements for data and develop data models to spycify those requirement. A conceptual data model is one that Represent data from the viewpoint of the user independent of any technology that will be used to implement the model. For conceptual data modeling there are different techniq ues. 1. The Entity-relationship Model Object relationships among these objects. It is intended primarily for the DB design process by allowing the specifications of an enterprise Scheme. This repr esent the overall logical structure of the DB. An E.R model is a detailed, logic al representation of the data for an organization or for a business area. The ER D is notation that is used to conduct the data modeling activity. Using ERD the software engineers creates a representation all data objects that are important for the system. Representing Data Network that exists for a given system. 6.2.1 Object-Oriented Modeling The main concepts and techniques involved in the object-oriented modeling, inclu ding objects and Classes, encapsulation of attributes and operations, associatio ns, Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace 28

Chapter 7 Analysis Modeling and Design generalization, and aggregation relationships; cardinalities and other types of constraints; polymorphism; and inheritance. 6.2.2 Key Elements of ERD Entities/Data objects Attributes Relationships

6.2.3 Entity/Data object Entity: a person, place, object, event, or concept in the user environment about which the organization wishes to maintain data. Examples in Reservation are: Pe rson: Customer. Place: Room. Object: item Event: sale Concept: Account Entity Ty pe: a collection of entities that share common properties or characteristics. Fo r example, Customer, Room..In ERD it is represented by rectangle. Each entity ty pe in an E-R model is given a name. Since the name spycify a class, it is singul ar; we use capital letters in naming an entity type. In an E-R diagram, the name is replaced inside the box representing the entity: SYMBOL CUSTOMER Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace 29

Chapter 7 Analysis Modeling and Design Entity Instance: A single occurrence of an entity, figure illustrates the distin ction between an entity type and one of its two instances. Any entity type is de scribed just once in a database, while many instances of that entity type may be represented by data stored in the database. For example, there is one CUSTOMER entity type, but there may be hundreds of instances of this entity type that are store in that database. For example, CUSTOMER is entity and CUSTOMERid id is its instance Entity Instance: A single occurrence of an entity, figure illustrates t he distinction between an entity type and one of its two instances. Any entity t ype is described just once in a database, while many instances of that entity ty pe may be represented by data stored in the database. For example, there is one CUSTOMER entity type, but there may be hundreds of instances of this entity type that are store in that database. For example, CUSTOMER is entity and CUSTOMER i d id is its instance. STRONG ENTITY TYPE VS WEAK ENTITY TYPE: Strong Entity type: An entity type that exists independently of other entity types, e.g. CUSTOMER. SYMBOL Strong Entity type Weak Entity Type: Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace 30

Chapter 7 Analysis Modeling and Design An entity type whose instances depend on some other entity type. A weak entity t ype has no business meaning and is not needed in the E-R Diagram. In ERD weak en tity type is represented by double lined rectangle. SYMBOL Weak entity type Iden tifying Owner: The entity on which weak entity depends is called identifying own er or Owner. Identifying Relationship: The relationship between a weak entity ty pe and its owner is called identifying Relationship. Data object A data object i s almost any composite information that must understood by software. By composit e information we mean that something that has a number of different properties o r attributes. ATTRIBUTES Attributes define the properties of a data object and t ake on one of three different characteristics. They can be used to Name an insta nce of the data object. Describe the instance. Make a reference to another insta nce in another table. SYMBOL Attribute For Example, the entity type CUSTOMER has attributes i.e. name, nic, custid etc. Composite Attribute: Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace 31

Chapter 7 Analysis Modeling and Design An attribute that can be broken down into component parts, e.g. address, which c an be broken into street address, city, state, and postal code, village etc. The component attributes may appear above or below the composite attribute on ERD a s shown in figure. ADDRESS Street City Multi-valued Attribute: village An attribute that may take on more than one value for a given entity instance, e .g. discount may be retail discount, market discount. Multi-valued attribute is represented by double line ellipse on ERD. SYMBOL multi-valued Skill Derived attribute: An attribute whose values can be calculated from related attr ibute values. Identifier: An attribute (or combination of attributes) that uniqu ely identifies individual instances of an entity type, e.g. custid, identify eac h customer uniquely. In ERD identifier attribute is underlined. 6.3 RELATIONSHIP S: A relationship is a logical and meaningful connection or association among on e or more data objects. A relationship is association that holds together variou s components of Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace 32

Chapter 7 Analysis Modeling and Design ERD. A relationship is an association among the instances of one or more entity types that is of interest of organization. SYMBOL Relationship name 6.3.1 Terms associated with Relationship: Degree of relationship Modularity of R elationship Cardinality of relationship DEGREE OF RELATIONSHIP: The number of en tity types that participate in a relationship is called degree of relationship. UNARY RELATIONSHIP: A relationship between the instances of a single entity type is called unary relationship .It is also called recursive relationship. BINARY RELATIONSHIP: A relationship between the instances of two different entity types is called binary relationship. Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace 33

Chapter 7 Analysis Modeling and Design TERNARY RELATIONSHIP: A relationship between the instances of three entity types is called ternary relationship. 6.3.2 MODALITY OF RELATIONSHIP: Modality provides an indication of whether or not part icular data object must participate in the relationship .To specify this information, the data models ad ds modality to the object relation pair. 6.3.3 CARDINALITY OF RELATIONSHIP: Spec ify the number of instances of one entity that can be associated with each insta nce of another entity. MINIMUM CARDINALITY: The minimum number of instances of o ne that may be associated with each instance of another entity. MAXIMUM CARDINAL ITY: The maximum number of instances of one entity that may be associated with a single occurrence of another entity. If the minimum cardinality is zero the par ticipant is optional and if the minimum cardinality is one the cardinality is ma ndatory. Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace 34

Chapter 7 Analysis Modeling and Design Mandatory One Mandatory many Optional one Optional many 6.4 ENTITIES USED IN ERD: RESERVATION ADMIN CANCELLATION These entities are on next page. . Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace 35

Chapter 7 Analysis Modeling and Design RESERVATION: This entity type contains all the attributes related to the reservation. Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace 36

Chapter 7 Analysis Modeling and Design CANCELLATION: This entity type contains all the attributes related to the cancel reservation. ADMIN: This entity spycify the authorized user to perform different operation on database. Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace 37

Chapter 7 Analysis Modeling and Design 6.5 FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND MODELING: The functional analysis and modeling focuses on the main functions of the system and the detailed functionality. The main entity in the functional analysis mode ling is flow model. THE FLOW MODEL IS DISCUSSED AS: 1. 2. Information is transfo rmed as it flow through the computer based System. The system accepts input in a verity of forms from external world. Apply hardware, software and human element to transformed input into output, and produces the output in a variety to the e xternal world. Structured analysis began as an information flow modeling techniq ue .A computer based system is represented as information transforms. Overall fu nction of the system may be represented as information transformed. 6.6 DATA FLO W DIAGRAM: As information moves through software, it is modified by a series of transformations. A DFD is a graphical technique that depicts information flow an d transform data replied as data moves from the input to output. DFD is also kno wn as data flow graph .A DFD may be used to represent the system or software at any level of abstraction. Infect DFD may be partitioned into levels that represe nt increasing information flow and functional detail. Therefore DFD provides mec hanism for functional modeling as well as functional modeling. Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace 38

Chapter 7 Analysis Modeling and Design A DFD is constructed as various degree of detail about the process of the functi on. At zero level or the first level DFD, also called fundamental system model o r a context model, represent the entire software elements as a single bubble wit h an input and output data indicated by incoming and outgoing arrows respectivel y. Level zero DFD expresses the overall system functions as a single transformat ion .DFD also specifies the external entities that are either feeding data to th e system or consumed data by the system. Symbol used in DFD Symbol 1. External entity Meaning A source of information tha t Reside outside the bounds Of the system to be modeled 2.Process A transformation of information That resides inside of the bounds of the system to be modeled 3.Data flow A data object indicates the Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace 39

Chapter 7 Analysis Modeling and Design direction of the data flow. 4.Data store a repository of data that is to be stored by one or more processes. 6.7 PHYSICAL DATABASE DESIGN Properties and Domains of Entities and Relationship s: We can specify the properties and domains of entities and relationships as be low. Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace 40

Chapter 7 Analysis Modeling and Design Reservation: name: It spycify the name of the customer.() companyname: It spycif y Companyname of the customer. Address: It spycify the address of customers. Cit y: It specify city of the customers State: It specify the state name of the cust omer . Country: It specify the country of the customer. Postalcode: It specify p ostalcode of the customer city. Telephone: It specify telephone number of the cu stomer. Email: It specify the email of the customer. DArr: It specify the arriva l date of the customer. Depdate: It specify the departure date of the customer. numberofguest: It specify the total number of the customers. Numberofrooms: It s pecifies the total number of the rooms. Numberofnights: It specify the nuber of nights . Cominfrom: It specify the place from which the customer coming. Airport : It specify the airport pickup facility. Prefferedroom: It specify the type of room to be reserved. MOC: It contains mode of communication for contact purpose. Craditcard: It specify type of credit card. Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace 41

Chapter 7 Analysis Modeling and Design Nameofcardholder: It specify the credit card holder name. Cardnumber: It specify the pincode of the cradit card. Validtill: It specify the credit card valid dat e. ADMIN: Username: It spycify the username of the administrator. ify the password of the administrator. Password: It spyc

CANCELLATION: Name: It spycify the name of client which cancel reservation. Emai l: It spycify the email of the client which cancel reservation. Reasons: It spyc ify the reasons of cancellations. Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace 42

Chapter 7 6.7.1 6.7.2 Primary key: Analysis Modeling and Design Primary key is unique identifier which identifies each record in a specific tabl e. following are the primary keys which identifies each relation. Reservation: id of the reservation is our primary key. Admin: id of the administrator is our prima ry key. Cancellation: id of the cancellation is our primary key. 6.8 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM Here is the associated E-R diagram of our databa se. RESERVATION Has CANCELLATION ADMIN 6.9 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM DFD of Hotel White Palace is on next Page. Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace 43

Chapter 7 Analysis Modeling and Design Context-level DFD for White Palace Hotel Swat. Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace 44

Data Dictionary CHAPTER # 8 In This Chapter Data Dictionary

Chapter 8 Date Dictionary CHAPTER 8 Data dictionary overview Data dictionary in database management system is a file that defines the basic o rganization of a database; it contains a list of all files in database, the numb er of records in each file and the names and types of each field. Most database management system keeps the data dictionary hidden from users to prevent them fr om accidentally destroying its contents. In any database management system [DBMS ], you have many objects tables, indexes, etc and many other things going on. Th e database needs to keep track of all these things. It does this with the help o f something called the data dictionary. The data dictionary is a structure that stores meta-data, or data about data. Data dictionary is actually the memory of the database where he keeps all the activities going on in the database and retr ieves that information in the future for further processing. It is actually the data dictionary, which keeps the information about database objects, its securit y and auditing. Data stored as fields and different database files along with th eir fields name, type and size. Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace 45

Chapter 8 Date Dictionary Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace 46

Chapter 8 Date Dictionary RESERVATION reservation_id name companyname address city state country postalcod e telepone email DArr It contains all the description and attributes of the Reservation. It represents reservation no. It represents the name of the customer. It represents Companyna me of the customer. It represents the address of customers. It represents city o f the customers It represents the state name of the customer . It represents the country of the customer. It represents postalcode of the customer city. It repr esent telephone number of the customer. It represent the email of the customer. It represents the arrival date of the customer. Depdate numberofguest It represents the departure date of the customer. It represents the total number of the customers. Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace 47

Chapter 8 Date Dictionary numberofrooms numberofnights cominfrom Airport prefferedroom MOC Craditcard name ofcardholder cardnumber validtill LOGIN Username Password CANCELLATION Name Emai l reasons It represents the total number of the rooms. It represents the nuber of nights . It represents the place from which the customer coming. It represent the airpor t pickup facility. It represents the type of room to be reserved. It contains mo de of communication for contact purpose. It represents type of credit card. It r epresents the credit card holder name. It represents the pincode of the cradit c ard. It represents the credit card valid date. It represents the username and pa ssword of the authorize user. It represent the username of the administrator. It represent the password of the administrator. This table represents the Clients information sending feedback. It represent the name of client which cancel reser vation. It represent the email of the client which cancel reservation. It repres ent the reasons of cancellations. Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace 48

System Testing CHAPTER # 9 In This Chapter Testing Strategies Developed System Testing System Evaluation em System Conversion Developed System Conversion Merits of the Syst

Chapter 9 system testing CHAPTER 9 SYSTEM TESTING 8.1 Testing Strategies Development of a software system involves a series of production activities wher e opportunities for injection of human fallibilities are enormous. Errors may be gin to occur at the very inception of the process where the objectives may be er roneously of imperfectly specified, as well as in the later design and developme nt stages. Because of human inability to perform and communicate with perfection , software development is accompanied by a quality assurance activity, Software Testing. Software testing is a critical element of software quality assurance an d represents the ultimate review of specification, design and coding. The basic testing strategies are as follow Unit testing separately. The In the unit testing different modules of the system are tested purpose of this testing is to determine that each module is functioning properly and to locate error in modules. In unit testing we can locate and remove error easily. We have tested different modules of our system individually; note that e ach is working according to the desired specification and requirements. Integrat ion testing After the unit testing all the modules are combined and tested at the same time. The purpose of this testing is to determine whether all the modules are interfa cing with each other correctly or not. We have tested our system in integrated f orm which was also working correctly. System testing System testing is carried out whether the developed system is working according to the desired specification and requirement or not. The system is checked using the actual 49 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace

Chapter 9 system testing data values. Also the reports and queries generated by the system are checked ag ainst the requirements. 8.2 Developed system testing All these testing strategies are adopted during the testing of the developed sys tem the working of the system is almost perfect. The basic testing techniques ar e as follows 8.2.1 White- Box Testing: White-box testing strategy is actually ap plied to know the internal workings of a product. Tests are conducted to ensure that Natural Medicine Information System either works properly, that is, internal operation performs according to the specification and all internal components ar e adequately exercised. Following steps were conducted to perform white-box test ing strategy. All the independent paths within all the modules were exercised on ce or more during the time of development and after the development was complete d. All logical decisions on their true and false sides were exercised. All loops at their boundaries and within their operational bounds were executed. Exercising t hem one by one ensured the validity of all the internal data structures. 8.2.2 Black- Box Testing Black-box testing strategy is used to know the specifie d function that a product has been designed to perform. Tests are conducted to d emonstrate that each function is fully operational at the same time errors in ea ch function are searched. For the purpose of carrying out this testing strategy, we involved our end users to operate the software and check its functionality e specially in terms of following considerations: Is searching of the patient shou ld be carried out by ID or Name. Do you find it comfortable to retrieve the date about any product? Do you feel it easy to edit, add new, refresh or save the da ta using forms? Dont you feel it easy to generate reports on the basis of differe nt criteria? Are you confronted to any problem in searching the Records? 50 Onli ne Reservation System of Hotel White Palace

Chapter 9 system testing Is the software is capable to provide correct record retrieve from database? After this evaluation process, answers given by the end users helped us positive ly to uncover errors and drawbacks in the software, which were successfully remo ved in the Debugging Phase. 8.3 System Evaluation When the system is implemented successfully, the designer evaluates the system t o see whether the objectives of the system are accomplished or not, also develop ed system is complete or not. There is always need for improvements. All exercis e may achieve an immediate goal and arrive at a stage that logically seems an ap propriate point for termination of given object. However, a point that appears t o be a terminal point for one project may be a good beginning of another. So dis cussing features of the developed system and the future enhancements carries out evaluation of the system. 8.4 Merits of the System Efficiency: The system is very efficient than the previous one because it perfor ms all the tasks in lesser time and with no complexity at all. Error Reduction: Errors are reduced in the newly designed system. A number of checks are implemen ted on fields where required, which help while entering the data. In this way mo st of the errors at entry time are reduced. User Friendly: System is user friend ly. The user feels easy while using the system. Interface of the system is very interactive. If the users enter wrong input, proper messages are displayed. Secu rity: The system works by providing a password. In this way it is secured. Unaut horized person cannot access data. 8.5 System conversion After the completion of the testing phase the process of conversion is performed . Conversion is the process of switching over the old system to new system. Ther e are three different methods for the system conversion ensuring proper working of the system. 51 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace

Chapter 9 8.5.1 Direct Approach system testing In this approach the old system is immediately replaced by the new developed sys tem. This method requires the careful advanced planning. Failure of the new syst em will destroy the system. 8.5.2 Parallel approach In this approach we run both the new and old system side by side. It means that user continuous to use the o ld system and simultaneously learn to operate the new system thus if any problem occur in using the new system, the organization can still fall back on the old system without loss of information. 8.5.3 Pilot Approach In this method a workin g version of the system is implemented in one portion of the organization. The a dvantage of this method is that it provide sound basis for the whole system to i nstall. 8.6 Developed System Conversion The most feasible conversion technique, in this case should be parallel conversi on approach. Although this implementation approach is more expensive and involve ad ditional work load, the old system will be safe and the procedure followed for t he some time until it is conformed that the newly designed is working satisfacto rily. 52 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace

System Access and Application Integration CHAPTER # 10 In This Chapter Database Access and Application Integration Control Flow and a Simple Application Effective Programming Techniques Browser as Database Front End

Chapter 10 Database Access and Application Integration CHAPTER 10 Database Access and Application Integration 9.1 Database Access and Application Integration This is the fastest-growing area of the Web. At first, as people were just getting accustomed to HTML and the We b, most sites featured fairly static HTML pages. Even if well designed, the ulti mate effect was a very easy to use and splashy catalog with the ability to refer ence other sites. Database integration changes all of that. Databases allow the user to search through reams of data far too large to browse through manually, e ven in summary form. They allow for different views of the same data, creating a nd utilizing data relationships on the fly. And most importantly, by using "live " data on the Web, the site is always kept up-to-date, accurate, and interesting . The different uses for database interfaces on the Web are as complex and inter esting as the Web itself. Customers visiting a well-wired retail site can easily check the status of their orders, browse through a customized list of inventory items, or request to be notified via e-mail when a product becomes available. A tourist planning a trip to a city may search for available suites at a resort, register online for activities that interest them, or download the menu - and th e pages which later show the scenic points of the city are customized to the use r s interests. The site is now much more useful than its equivalent paper counte rpart, since it reflects the data on the site in a manner that is customized to each particular user. Just like we have applied a medium size database to allow the students to see their results on line and also the administrator can enter, update, delete students records. Students wanting to see their result in their ho mes do not want to retrieve documents that describe their result. 9.2 Control Fl ow and a Sample Application Because of the design of the Web, designing a databa se interface for the Web is different than traditional procedural or event-drive n database applications. The program must be designed to work with pages; a data base program is called when a form is 53 Online Reservation System for Hotel White Palace

Chapter 10 Database Access and Application Integration Submitted or a link is ch osen, and must generate a new HTML page to be returned to the user. Gathering Qu ery Information Execution of User s Query Adding a Record Modifying a Record 9.3 Effective Programming Techniques Following are a few programming hints that were applied that make our Web applic ation easier to use and more effective. "Hidden" Input Fields Hidden fields can be a great benefit to the database designer. Hidden fields are fields that are i ncluded in HTML forms and are submitted with the rest of the user s data entry, but the user never sees them and cannot normally change the values. Administrato r may use hidden fields to pass information along to later database programs tha t is not of interest to the user, such as the record IDs of the row being update d, deleted, inserted etc and so on. Use of POST and GET Submission Types When im plementing an HTML Form, the form designer may choose whether the user s data wi ll be submitted using the "GET" or "POST" methods. According to the HTML 2.0 spe cification, the "GET" method should be used when submitting the form has no side effects on the database (such as queries, or the start of an update), and the " POST" method should be used when submission will change the state of the databas e (such as add, update, or delete operations). Maintaining Security Implementing secure PHP programs is important since the programs can possibly alter data on the machine itself. However, with database programming, the problem is magnified greatly since the programs work directly with data that can be fairly easily co rrupted if the programmer is not careful. An important thing to remember is that the user can alter any of the data on a form, even in ways not usually possible using a normal Web browser. For example, a radio button may be returned to the PHP script as a value that is not legal and never appeared in any of the choices to the user. A malicious user 54 Online Reservation System for Hotel White Pala ce

Chapter 10 Database Access and Application Integration may change the values of h idden fields at any time. Fields that has a length limitation that the browser no rmally enforces may be submitted with longer strings. As a database Programmer w ho is concerned about the integrity of the data, no one can assume that any of t he data that comes from the user s browser will fit the constraints of the calli ng page. User Authentication The Web is rapidly advancing in its ability to have servers automatically recognize and verify which user is accessing an PHP progr am, but such automatic solutions to this problem are still too sparsely implemen ted to be able to be used in a generic environment. However, database programmer s may still make use of password fields or HTML s almost-official browser authen tication to verify users at the beginning of the application, and have the brows er keep track of authentication credentials as the user moves through the applic ation. User Preferences If a site already has users who are logging in or regist ering themselves, then one of the best things that a site can do is track their interests and preferences to customize the site for that user. This makes a site come "alive" and become more interesting and useful to all of the users, since they get information that is customized and appropriate for their interests. It also makes a site more memorable and more likely to be revisited and passed arou nd through word-ofmouth, which is am important consideration for sites that are seeking popularity. 9.4 Browsers as Database Front Ends Creating a Web interface to a database may do more than just give users outside a company access to your information - it may also provide an easy, cross-platfo rm solution for in-house use. Once a good, robust gateway is written between the Web and An existing database server, users can immediately have cross-platform access and update ability to that database by using their Web browser as a datab ase client. Almost every hardware platform and operating system has a World Wide Web browser available, which eliminates the need for companys MIS staff to worry about creating a client for Macintosh, Windows, and UNIX. 55 Online Reservation System for Hotel White Palace

Linking Documents CHAPTER # 11 In This Chapter Links Links in this Project Some Validation Checks

Chapter 11 Linking Documents LINKING DOCUMENTS 10.1 Links HTML allows linking to other HTML documents as well as images. clicking on a sec tion of text or an image in one web page will open an entire web page or an imag e. The text or an image that provide such linking is called hypertext, a hyperli nk, or a hotspot. The browser distinguishes hyperlinks from normal text. Every h yperlink has the following properties Appear blue in color. the default color se tting in a browser for hyperlink text or image. The hyperlink text or image is u nderlined. When the mouse cursor is placed over it the drop menu appears.

Links in this project Home About Sensuality Discipline Destination (travel guid ) Confidence Packages Home Clicking on this link the main page of the site will appear. About Clicking on this link the page information about hotel introduction and history will open. Sensuality Clicking on this link the page rooms of hotel w ill open. Discipline Clicking on this link the page tariff and policies will open. 56 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace

Chapter 11 Linking Documents Destination Clicking on this link the page Travel Guide will open. Confidence Clic king on this page services will open. Packages Clicking on this page packages will o pen. 10.2 Some validation checks. To validate email address: 57 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace To validate empty field.

Chapter 11 Linking Documents To validate data type. 58 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace

Interface Design CHAPTER # 12 In This Chapter Introduction design Objectives of front end

Some Website pages

Chapter 12 User Interface Design CHAPTER 12 11.1 Introduction: It is particularly important first to design how the system will look and respon d to user before designing the software structure. The most critical and creativ e aspect of development is to design the user interface. User interface design d etermines how the system will look for the user from outside. The basic design p rinciples, considered during the user interface design, are the following. Consi stency Makes sense robustness User friendly Flexibility and simplicity Efficienc y Consistency Consistency is the ability of user to predict that the software is going to do in a given situation based on the past experience with the product. I t means to provide the sets of behavior in the response to user actions and gene ralize knowledge about one aspect of the system to other aspects. Guiding user a long the right path Good user interface gives user clues about what to do next i n a given situation. It is meant to provide clear and obvious ways for the user too get something done. User friendly To make the system user friendly, right le vel and right kind of response should be given to user against each user action with and input device. Lack of proper feedback can be a big problem when nothing appears to have happened. In design of my project proper and immediate feedback is provided at different stages to make the system user friendly. 59 Online Resrvation System of Hotel White Palace

Chapter 12 Flexibility and simplicity User Interface Design It means that system should be so simple and flexible that user is able to conce ntrate on getting the task at hand done with a minimum of distraction. My projec t is made simple by using consistent labeling. The system is also made simple by reducing redundancy. Efficiency Efficiency is an important feature in designing user interface in efficient application minimizes the number of steps required to perform in operation and provides users with shortcuts. My system requires mi nimum options and choices to improve efficiency. User interface design. In appli cation used by the client to access any database engine or to present informatio n to the user is called from end. Many front end tools are available in marked. I have selected macromedia dreamweawer as front end tools to access database, be cause Dreamweaver is the fastest and easiest way to develop web application for windows. Forms Forms serves as a window used to customize the interface of appli cation. Controls, graphics, and pictures are added to a form to create a desired look. Forms are the foundation for creating interface of an application. Forms can be used to add windows and dialog boxes to application. Form is actually con tainer for other controls and objects. 11.2 Objectives of Front end design Following objective guides toward a smart font end design. Avoiding errors in th e data Errors rate in system should be very low and also minimum data entry has to be performed. Keeping the process simple The entry of the data should be simp le and each label should be meaningful. Input validation Input validation is a p roactive process it happens while data is being entered. It is the process of ch ecking the data entered by the user before that data is saved to the 60 Online R esrvation System of Hotel White Palace

Chapter 12 User Interface Design database. If an error occurs from the user then should simple display a meaningf ul error message. 11.3 Some Website Pages: Home Page of White Palace 61 Online Resrvation System of Hotel White Palace

Chapter 12 User Interface Design About Page Packages Page 62 Online Resrvation System of Hotel White Palace

Chapter 12 Reservation Page User Interface Design 63 Online Resrvation System of Hotel White Palace

Chapter 12 User Interface Design 64 Online Resrvation System of Hotel White Palace

Chapter 12 User Interface Design 65 Online Resrvation System of Hotel White Palace

Bibliography CHAPTER # 13 In This Chapter Bibliography

Chapter 13 Bibliography CHAPTER 12 Bibliography 1) Web Enable Commercial Application Development Using HTML, DHTML, JAVASCRIPT, By Ivan Bayross 2) Internet & World Wide Web , How To Program By Deitel, Deitel & Nieto 3) HTML + ASP By Yasir Ali Rasheed 4) PHP + MySQL + CSS By www.W3school.com 5) Macromedia Dream weaver 8 By Khristine Annwn 64 Online Reservation System of Hotel White Palace