IEC 61850 GOOSE over WiMAX for Fast Isolation and Restoration of Faults in Distribution Networks

Paper OP024

Maciej Goraj, Lee Lipes2, JimMcGhee2 RuggedCom Spain, 2RuggedCom Canada June, 2011, Dublin, Ireland

Goals of Distribution Automation

Current situation
Manual operation and slow reaction to events and critical situations

Future
Smarter, proactive and self-healing grid

What is necessary?
Advanced feeder automation devices located at pad-mount and pole top systems that combine the intelligence of an RTU, relay, recloser controller, PQ meter and more. Broadband, long range, low latency IP and Ethernet communications network using interfaces and protocols based on power utility standards
Wireless technology is an attractive alternative if there is no existing communications infrastructure or if it is not economically feasible to deploy fiber or broadband PLC

Distribution Requirements for Distribution Automation Automation Wireless System

Device Hardware Power Supply

Rugged design, IEC 61850-3, IEEE 1613 Outdoor mounting or fit into recloser control cabinets Internal power supply 12, 24, 48 Vdc Optional support for PoE (Power over Ethernet) Ethernet and/or Serial IEC 61850, support for L2 multicast and VLANs Support for legacy protocols (DNP3.0, IEC 60870-5, ...) Low latency for control signals, < 100ms High throughput to support non-operational data Other potential applications: video surveillance, VoIP, AMI backhaul, field force automation, etc. Configurable duty cycle, desirable up to of 75% uplink and 25% downlink Up to 10-20km Encryption, authentication, MAC address filtering

Interfaces and Protocols

Latency

Throughput

Uplink Biasing

Range

Security

Comparison of Wireless Technologies

WAN

VSAT

Range / Coverage

Cellular (2/3G) WiMAX 802.16

Proprietary PMP/PTP BWA 900 MHz

LTE

100Km > MAN 1-20 Km

Microwave

LAN < 500m

WiFi 802.11 Zigbee 802.15.4

PAN/HAN < 50 m

0.1

Data Rate in Mbps

10

100

1000

IEEE 802.16e - WiMAX

What is WIMAX?
Non-profit industry group designed around creating an ecosystem of interoperable wireless broadband devices Test for interoperability to a certain profile of IEEE 802.16e standard WIMAX forum certified products: http://www.wimaxforum.org/

Quick Facts
Range up to 10- 30 km depending on path conditions and other factors

Throughput up to 40 Mb/s in a 10 MHz channel

Typically point-to-multipoint with a base station serving end points. Also point-to-point or relaying architecture. Fixed, portable or mobile applications

Available in licensed or unlicensed bands

Key Features of WiMAX

Ecosystem
Interoperability and device availability from multiple vendors, Standards based Built in mechanisms to improve range over any other wireless technology in the marketplace Robust OFDMA technology enables non-line-of-sight (NLOS) operation

Range and Propagation

Efficient Spectral Usage Throughput

Mobile WIMAX is built for tight frequency reuse so entire networks can be built around small spectral allocations
Best in class throughput and spectral efficiency through the use of MIMO

Quality of Service
Built-in mechanisms to support different traffic types and prioritize them differently over the wireless network

Mobility

WIMAX can deliver persistent connections to mobile end users

There is a trade off between range, throughput and spectral efficiency and WIMAX offers the best solution to that problem

Why WiMAX for Electrical Utilities?

Benefits Own Infrastructure
Full control over the network, non-dependent on third-party providers

Reliability & Availability

Additional security, channel availability during emergencies

IP Based Communications
Private Broadband IP Wireless WAN and MAN

Multiple Applications
Different applications sharing one common communications architecture

Disadvantages Spectrum Availability

Can be used in licensed, lightly licensed and unlicensed frequency bands Challenges due to regulatory allocation of certain frequencies

WIMAX Reference Architecture

CPE/MSS cBST/pBST R1 R6 R1 Wired or Wireless R6 R1 Management R4 R3 HA R3 Router
Applications Servers

Backbone

ASNGW

Core Network

DHCP AAA

R1

ASN Gateway vs. Standalone Mode

ASN gateway is a specialized router that controls the radio network All traffic in a WIMAX network flows through it Supports advanced functions like mobility, paging, etc. Standalone mode is a special mode of the base station that does not require ASN gateway Base station acts like a layer 2 Ethernet switch Supports only fixed applications, no mobility

Commercial Grade WiMAX Solution doesnt fit Distribution Automation

Substation 1
R
N/C

N/C

CORE NETWORK
ASN Gateway
WiMAX Base Station

IED

IED
N/O

WiMAX Subscriber Unit R

IED

IED R
N/C

IED

Substation 2

N/C

Adjacent devices need to communicate through the ASN gateway Difficult to predict and control end to end latency and availability Supports only IP based traffic

ASN GW architecture fits well in mobile networks but not mission critical applications

Utility Grade WiMAX Solution for Distribution Automation

R
N/C

N/C

Substation 1
IED WiMAX Base Station IED N/O

WiMAX Subscriber Unit

R
IED

Substation 2
IED IED

N/C

N/C

Standalone-mode for light weight network architecture No ASN gateway required, direct layer 2 connectivity Cost effective, low latency, high reliability

IEC 61850 GOOSE

Peer-to-peer (horizontal) communication

Very fast connectionless oriented device to multi-device scheme Significantly reduces conventional copper wiring between IEDs Encapsulated directly in Ethernet layer (fast encoding/decoding)

Event driven transmission sent on change of state

High priority, critical, asynchronous and unsolicited MAC Multicast, uses VLAN for priority and traffic segregation Limited to LAN segment, tunneling needed to pass thru a router
Interoperable Field Proven Cost Effective

GOOSE over WiMAX

World first project with IEC 61850 GOOSE over WiMAX, (2011)
Peer-to-peer network operates over a private Ethernet backbone Decentralized restoration logic is driven down in the field devices With IEC 61850 distributed disconnect switches/reclosers become part of the substation Total end-to-end latency 30-50ms

WiMAX Base Station Feeder protection IED

Wireless transmission over several kilometers

WiMAX Subscriber Unit Feeder protection IED

IEC 61850 GOOSE

Practical Implementation
Joint global initiative between RuggedCom and Siemens Energy Distribution Automation using WIMAX with IEC 61850 compliant relays

+
Reclosers Switches

+
IEC 61850 over Wireless Comms

IED Family Software

Fault Information & Detection with GOOSE

WiMAX Base Station WiMAX Subscriber Unit

Status & Measured Value Sharing with GOOSE

WiMAX Base Station WiMAX Subscriber Unit

First Deployment Fault Isolation/Restoration

First deployment
Fault isolation/ restoration scheme driven by critical loads like hospital which was manually controlled
WiMAX Rugged Subscriber Unit powered via PoE

Switch/Recloser Control Cabinet with IEC 61850 capable IED

Conclusions
IEC 61850 over WiMAX improves Feeder Automation performance in Distribution Networks Faster fault location and restoration with reduced unnecessary switching IEC 61850 is interoperable, open standard based on IP and Ethernet communications Private communications network is more secure, more reliable and cheaper in the long term than leased services from public cellular network GOOSE over WiMAX is 10 times faster than GPRS, 50ms vs. 800ms Reduced SAIDI and SAIFI Increased revenue billing Reduced asset maintenance costs

Thank You!
maciejgoraj@ruggedcom.com leelipes@ruggedcom.com jimmcghee@ruggedcom.com