I write this article in the way I view globalization in connection with the prevailing issues in third

world countries reIerred to as developing countries, which Tanzania is inclusive and most oI its
discussion will basically be reIlected by it. The inspiration over writing it does not mean opposing
any eIIort done by country, rather expressing my views on globalization operation and aims in the
'globalized world. The way I view globalization directs me towards connect it with some basic
plans oI Tanzania on removing inequalities among her people so as to be developed. What is
globalization, what is it 'its true Iace on developing countries and how it operates in third world
countries? Together with other subordinating issues will be discussed in this article as a result oI a
little detailed investigation to prove my opinion over the understanding the term globalization
through Tanzania Development Vision 2025.
BeIore come to the conclusion that will basically based on the discussion on the true Iace oI
globalization, background (periodization and main objectives) and deIinition oI Tanzania
Development Vision 2025 will be given as a conjunct oI this introduction. ThereaIter,
globalization meanings/deIinitions, why is it now, how it is operating, its anticipation (outcomes)
on third world countries and how Tanzania should react on development will be discussed as the
second and main part oI the article.
The Vision is an articulation oI a desirable Iuture condition or situation which Tanzania envisages
to attain and the plausible course oI action to be taken Ior its achievement.
The need to Iormulate a new economic and social development vision Ior Tanzania emanated Irom
the outcomes oI economic reIorms - especially those which were pursued since 1986. These social
and economic reIorm measures were taken in response to the economic crisis that had persisted in
the country and the world as a whole since the early years oI 1980s. Secondly, the government had
realised that those earlier development policies and strategies were not in consonance with the
principles oI a market led economy and technological development occurring in the world.
The Government started the Iormulation exercise oI this development Vision in 1995.The Vision
was adopted by the Government in 1999 and its implementation started in 2000. The main
objective oI the vision is to awaken, coordinate and direct the people`s eIIorts, minds and national
resources towards those core sectors that will enable us to attain our development goals. The vision
is attributed by High quality livelihood, a strong and competitive economy, Good governance, a
well educated and learning population and Peace, stability and unity. This is through IulIilling the
pledge made by the United Nation summit oI attaining some oI millennium development goals by
2015 which are: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, Achieve universal primary education,
Promote gender equality and empower women, Reduce child mortality, Improve maternal health,
Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases, Ensure environmental Sustainability and Develop

a global Partnership Ior Development

1
; things that under no doubt every Tanzanian dream about.
The key question that one may ask Irom this plan is where do Iunds to implement such plan will
come Irom? From the eIIort oI the people or Irom the donors, World Bank or international
monetary Iund (IMF)? This is due to the Iact that, the vision 2025 does not show the power to
implement big plans over such long time where will Ilow Irom.
Historically, the vision was come about as the result oI the Iailure oI Arusha Declaration (1967) as
the true AIrican view oI the Iuture Tanzania. The Tanzania vision 2025 says, 'By the mid-1980s,
the government had realised that the past development policies and strategies were not adequately
responding to changing market and technological conditions in the regional and world economy
and were also not adapting to changes in the domestic socio-economic conditions. In response,
beginning mid-1986, the Government adopted socio-economic reIorms which continue to be
implemented to date. However, it has increasingly become apparent to the Government and its
people that these socio-economic reIorms are not adequately inIormed by a national long-term
development philosophy and direction
2
.
In 1980s Tanzania and many other third world countries had economic crises that were due to
internal and mostly inIluenced by external Iactors particularly the eIIort done by World Bank and
International monetary Fund on providing social and economic sanctions by not allowing the
AIrican products either to be sold in the world markets or buying them in unIair prices (cheaply).
This was mostly done by another arm oI IMF and World Bank, World Trade Organization (WTO).
Together with that, the currencies oI most AIrican countries and Tanzania in particular were
devalued. That was done to Iorce the third world nations to adopt new socio-political-economy
policies to rescue their home (United States and her allies/Western Europe, particularly Britain)
economic crises emerged in early 1970s and late 1980s. in brieI, they wanted all third world
countries to adopt the Iree economy policies by opening up the doors oI taking Iairly the AIrican
wealth by the so called 'Privatization and Deregulation policies that will allow them to invest and
'invent their economies at home. The same words that aims oI privatization notes and used in
stressing the outcomes (the driving Iorces Ior the realization) oI the vision that, 'Competence oI
the nation in the management oI development will be achieved when the government provides a
conducive environment Ior actors to eIIectively harness domestic resources in order to attain
competitiveness in their diverse economic activities. Competence and competitiveness, as driving
Iorces, will be realized through sound macroeconomic policies, adequate and reliable
inIrastructural development, quality education, eIIective utilization oI domestic resources, higher
productivity and strengthening oI the capacity to eIIectively anticipate and respond to external
changes
3
. To me it is obvious that, globalization is a reaction policy oI two big and powerIul arms

1
Tanzania Development vision 2025
2
Ibid p.1
3
Ibid p.19

oI United Nations Organization (UNO) namely Bretton Woods, the name given aIter the place
where the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank Ior Reconstruction and
Development were Iounded in 1944
4
. The conIerence resulted to the Iormulation oI General
Agreements on TariIIs and Trade (GATT) in 1948, which in 1995 its Iunctions were taken over by
the World Trade Organization (WTO), an international body that administers trade laws and
provides a Iorum Ior settling trade disputes among nations
5
as the third arm.
Maybe the link between globalization, IMF, WTO, World Bank and Tanzania Development Plan
2025 still jargon Ior many. This can be clearly revealed by knowing the meaning oI globalization,
eIIorts done by IMF, World Bank and WTO/GATT in making the so called globalization as well
as how the Tanzania Iallen on the trap over ignore the AIrican vision oI AIrica to capitalists view
oI AIrica.
Globalization may be deIined as a process oI movement toward a situation where the obstacles to
trade Ilows and Iactor movements between countries are no greater than the obstacles within
countries. Although this end state remains a long way oII, such movement has occurred at an
accelerated pace since the early 1980s, through liberalization oI trade, Ioreign direct investment
(FDI) regimes, capital controls, etc. in developing countries under structural adjustment programmes
and similar, iI more limited, changes in the developed countries under the GATT Uruguay Round,
which also served to entrench many oI the measures taken in developing countries
6
.
The term globalization was Iirst coined in the 1980s, but the concept stretches back centuries and
beyond. The Iorces and events leading to globalization can be traced as Iar back as 1492 B.C.E.,
when people began to link disparate locations on the globe into extensive systems oI
communication, migration, and interconnections. This Iormation oI systems oI interaction between
the global and local has been a central driving Iorce in world history.
7

According to Emma Rothschild, 'one way oI looking at globalization Irom an historical
perspective has to do with the economic and social history oI international relationships, and in
particular with the history oI earlier periods oI rapid increase in international trade, investment,
communication, and inIluence. She went on to add that, 'the export investment booms oI the
1860s and the early twentieth century are just two oI the more dramatic examples.
8

David Henderson Iurther expanded the deIinition oI globalization into Iive 'related but distinct
components: Iirst, the increasing tendency Ior Iirms to think, plan, operate, and invest Ior the
Iuture with reIerence to markets and opportunities across the world as a whole; second, the

4
"Bretton Woods." MicrosoIt Student 2008 |DVD|.
5
"General Agreement on TariIIs and Trade." MicrosoIt Student 2008 |DVD|.
6
Woodward, D. (February, 1998). Globalization, Uneven Development and Poverty: Recent Trends and policy
Implications. Working Paper series, WP4
7
Imade, O. L.(2003). The Two Faces oI Globalization: Impoverishment or Prosperity?
8
Ibid

growing ease and cheapness oI international communications, with the Internet the leading aspect;
third, the trend towards closer economic integration, resulting in the diminished importance oI
political boundaries. This trend is Iuelled partly by the Iirst two trends, but even more powerIully
by oIIicial policies aimed at trade and investment liberalization; Iourth, the apparently growing
signiIicance oI issues and problems extending beyond national boundaries and the resulting
impetus to deal with them through some Iorm oI internationally concerted action; and IiIth, the
tendency toward uniIormity (or 'harmonization), by which norms, standards, rules, and practices
are deIined and enIorced with respect to regions, or the world as a whole, rather than within the
bounds oI nation-states
9
.
Globalization however, has many meanings depending on the perception and knowledge about it.
In this paper, globalization means the process by which a country opens her boarders Ior the sake
oI integrate the economy, political boundaries, social and cultural values by which all oI them
would be Iacilitated by the removing the Iriction oI distance over improving transport and
communication network.
Who are the engineers oI globalization? The current globalization is engineering by the United
States oI America and Britain. Historically, the U.S. and Great Britain had been in the IoreIront in
the struggle to liberalize trade
10
which is the key 'ingredient oI globalization. History also
provides critical evidences on the game played by the U.S. and Britain to make globalization a
siphon oI Less Developing Countries (LDCs). It was the eIIort oI World Bank and IMF, which
Iormally aimed to Iund post-war reconstruction and development projects (the World Bank) and
lend hard currency to nations with temporary balance-oI-payments deIicits (the IMF); the LDCs
Iound themselves in the traps oI the middle oI globalization policy in early 1980s to 1990s.
Then, beginning in 1980, the Banks seem to take on an alien Iorm. In the early 1980s, Third World
nations, haemorrhaging aIter the IiveIold increase in oil prices and a like jump in dollar interest
payments, brought their begging bowls to the IMF and World Bank. But instead oI debt relieI, they
received Structural Assistance Plans listing an average oI 114 "conditionalities" in return Ior loans.
While the particulars varied Irom nation to nation, in every case the rollover oI debts dangled Irom
edicts to remove trade barriers, sell national assets to Ioreign investors, slash social spending and
make labour "Ilexible".
11
Tanzania also accepted the whole plan under the policy oI 'Ruksa as
allowance oI Iree market economy which was a result oI Ronald Reagan's election that year (1980)
as president, the quickening oI Mrs. Thatcher's powers in England and the ascendancy oI "neo-
liberal" (Iree market) policy
12
.

9
Imade, O. L.(2003). The Two Faces oI Globalization: Impoverishment or Prosperity?
10
http://www.skeptically.org/wto/ World20Bank20&20IMF,20What20They20Really20Are20About--
Greg20Palast.mht
11
Op.cit
12
Ibid

BeIore that year, 1980s, most oI the third world countries economically were doing well especially
the countries that were under socialism in which Ior Tanzania the economy was monitored through
The Arusha declaration. It was threat to the capitalist economy as it was in cold war. The slow
eaten-up oI Russia provide the Iractures oI the alien policies to take-over the third world economic
policies. Apparently, this was witnessed and one writer provides report.
'BeIore 1980, virtually every nation in his Third World survey was either socialist or welIare
statist. They were developing on the "Import Substitution Model" by which locally owned industry
was built through government investment and high tariIIs, anathema to the Iree marketeers. In
those Dark Ages (1960-80) oI increasing national government control and new welIare schemes,
per capita income grew 73 percent in Latin America and 34 percent in AIrica. By comparison,
since 1980, the Reagan/Thatcher model has seen Latin American growth come to a virtual halt
growth oI less than 6 percent over twenty years and AIrican incomes decline by 23 percent...
From 1980 to today, liIe under structural assistance has gotten brutish and decidedly shorter. Since
1985, in IiIteen AIrican nations the total number oI illiterate people has risen and liIe expectancy
Iallenwhich Brittan attributes to "bad luck, |not| the international economic system." In the
Iormer Soviet states, where IMF and World Bank shock plans hold sway, liIe expectancy has
Iallen oII a cliIIadding 1.4 million a year to the death rate in Russia alone
13
.
How Tanzania with her plan went through over with the World Bank and IMF? The structural
adjustment policy, which the 2025 Development Plan suggests was the option to rescue the
economy aIter the Iailure oI socialism and selI reliance, witnessed the Tanzania economy Iallen
while sweet words and applauses given to the country that, 'your economy is taking oII, keep it
up. Similar habit oI a rat, 'kuuma na kupuliza. Just take a similar look on this: Today, in that
AIrican state, 1.3 million people are getting ready to die oI AIDS. The IMF and World Bank have
come to the rescue with a brilliant neo-liberal solution: require Tanzania to charge Ior what were
previously Iree hospital appointments. Since the Bank imposed this requirement, the number oI
patients treated in Dar es Salaam's three big public hospitals has dropped by 53 percent
14
.
Similarly, The IMF World Bank helpers also ordered Tanzania to charge Iees Ior school
attendance, then expressed surprise that school enrolment dropped Irom 80 percent to 66 percent.
Altogether the Bank and IMF had 157 helpIul suggestions Ior Tanzania. In April 2000, the
Tanzanian government secretly agreed to adopt them all. It was sign or starves. No developing na-
tion can borrow hard currency Irom any commercial bank without IMF blessing (except China,
whose output grows at 5 percent per year by studiously Iollowing the 7eve78e oI IMF policies).
15

Currently while there is no rest in our streets, Tanzania got another appraise by which the states

13
http://www.skeptically.org/wto/ World20Bank20&20IMF,20What20They20Really20Are20About--
Greg20Palast.mht
14
Op.cit
15
http://www.skeptically.org/wto/ World20Bank20&20IMF,20What20They20Really20Are20About--
Greg20Palast.mht

leaders claim that 'big nations and UN are proud Ior our achievements! Ior the report, Some of
the poorest countries have made the greatest strides in education; Burundi, Madagascar,
Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Togo and the United Republic oI Tanzania have
achieved or are nearing the goal oI universal primary education
16
it is true the number oI
enrolment has rose, but what kind oI education with some oI students entering Iorm one Iail to
write and read?
To sum-up, the Tanzania development plan vision 2025 which aimed to achieve high quality
liIe oI her people, quality education and good governance to mention Iew, is a product oI
globalization which aimed oI suIIocate the Tanzania economy to the extent oI never stand up
again without asking Ior help. Then everything that the U.S and Britain will call upon will
never reject. They have asked Ior legalization oI homosexuality that oI which most oI us heard.
But how many have been asked behind our back? Are we going to say NO? Probably, NOT.
Because globalization asks Ior 'rule oI law, Ireedom oI choice, good governance or in short
democratic conditions where 'investor and 'donors will be satisIy to bring a help. The
donors are the engineers oI the development plan but masked within our leaders who give us
hopes that are currently continue to Iade as sunset does to replaced by darkness The twenty-Iirst-
century brings in its wake an awesome development challengepoverty alleviation. The UN has
set a target oI a 50 percent reduction in the number oI absolute poor by 2015. All indications
suggest that the target will not be met
17
. How does the Tanzania Development Vision 2025?
As Peter Beinart remarks, Globalization is the narcissism (selI admiration/selI-absorption) oI a
superpower in a one superpower world. It allows America to look at the world and see its own
contentment and its own Iatigue. And it has provided the same Ialse comIort to lone superpowers
in the past, thereIore called it AN ILLUSION FOR OUR TIME as the Ialse promise
oI globalization,
18
without any reasonable doubt, the words are suitable Ior the Tanzania
Development Plan 2025. The way the capitalists killed socialism and its traces like Arusha
declaration, is the way they are killing AIrican nations by globalization by implanting the Ialse
promises in the so called development plans.
They will take our economy, but our mind and soul will Iorever remain ours. 50 years oI
independence, the darkness ahead oI us, what are we suppose to do? 2025, are we going to be
achievers or mischievous? Am aIraid because this discovery Ior me it is true, iI that so to you now,
be aIraid too and decide what you should do, run or stay are the only options, what next aIter that it
depends on you.
Ma88ai, Edwin 7
th
Decembe7, 2011

16
The millennium devel opment goals r eport 2011p. 4
17
Beinart, P (October 16, 1997). An Illusion Ior Our Time: False Promise oI Globalization
18
Imade, O. L.(2003). The Two Faces oI Globalization: Impoverishment or Prosperity?