Kim 1 Daehee Kim Mr. Comparsi U.S.

History / Period 2 October 9, 2010 Vocabulary: Chapter 3 1) Democratic-Republican: political party known for its support of strong state governments, founded by Thomas Jefferson in 1792 in opposition to the Federalist Party. 2) Jefferson republicanism: Jefferson's political philosophy, based on his belief that common people were the source of America's strength. 3) Marbury v. Madison: an 1803 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that it had the power to abolish legislative acts by declaring them unconstitutional; this power came to be known as the judical review. 4) John Marshall: the Federalist chief justice declared that part of Congress' Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional. 5) judicial review: the ability of the Supreme Court to declare a law. 6) Louisiana Purchase: the 1803 purchase by the U.S. of France's Louisiana Territory- extending from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains- for $15 million. 7) impressment: the forcible seizure of men for military service. 8) James Monroe: the president of the United States in 1816. 9) Monroe Doctrine: a policy of U.S. opposition to any European interference in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere, announced by President Monroe in 1823. 10) Henry Clay: House Speaker who promoted the plan as the "American System." 11) "American System": a pre-Civil War set of measures designed to unify the nation and strengthen its economy by means of protective tariffs, a national bank, and such internal improvements as the development of a transportation system. 12) John C. Calhoun: a Southerner (S. Carolina) convinced congressmen from their regions to approve the Tariff of 1816. 13) Missouri Compromise: a series of agreements passed by Congress in 1820-1821 to maintain the balance of power between slave states and free states. 14) Andrew Jackson: The president of the United States in 1828. 15) John Quincy Adams: his followers, the Jacksonians, and he accused Adams and Clay of stealing the presidency and was elected president in 1824. 16) Jacksonian democracy: Jackson's political philosophy, based on his belief that common people were the source of American strength. 17) Trail of Tears: the marches in which the Cherokee people were forcibly removed from Georgia to the Indian Territory in 1838-1840, with thousands of the Cherokee dying on the way. 18) John Tyler: the vice president of Harrison and became president when Harrison died. 19) "manifest destiny": the 19th century belief that the United States would inevitably expand westward to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican territory. 20) Santa Fe Trail: a route of independence, Missouri, to Santa Fe, New Mexico, used by traders in the early and mid-1800s. 21) Oregon Trail: a route from Independence, Missouri, to Oregon City, Oregon, used by pioneers traveling to the Oregon territory. 22) Stephen F. Austin: One of the prominent leaders of the American settlers who went to Texas to buy inexpensive land. 23) Texas Revolution: the 1836 rebellion in which Texas gained its independence from Mexico.

Kim 2 24) the Alamo: a mission and fort in San Antonio, Texas, where Mexican forces massacred rebellious Texans in 1836. 25) Sam Houston: the rebels' commander -in-chief of the Alamo and the president of the Republic of Texas. 26) James K. Polk: a slaveholder who firmly favored the annexation of Texas and won the U.S presidential campaign in 1844. 27) Republic of California: the nation proclaimed by American settlers in California when they declared their independence from Mexico in 1846. 28) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: the 1848 treaty ending the U.S. war with Mexico, in which Mexico ceded California and new Mexico to the United States. 29) market revolution: the major change in the U.S. economy produced by the people's beginning to buy and sell goods rather than make them for themselves. 30) free enterprise: the economic system in which private businesses and individuals control the means of production. 31) entrepreneurs: a person who organizes, operates, and assumes the risk for a business venture. 32) Samuel F. B. Morse: a New England artist who patented the telegraph. 33) Lowell textile mills: 19th century mills for the manufacture of cloth, located in Lowell, Massachusetts, that mainly employed young women. 34) strike: a work stoppage intended to force an employer to respond to demands. 35) immigration: coming to and settling in a country of which one is not a native. 36) National Trades' Union: the first national association of trade unions, formed in 1834. 37) Commonwealth v. Hunt: 1842 case in which the Massachusetts Supreme Court upheld workers' right to strike. 38) Abolition: movement to end slavery. 39) Unitarians: member of a religious group that emphasizes reason and faith in the individual. 40) Ralph Waldo Emerson: a writer, philosopher, and former Unitarian minister who led a kind of awakening. 41) transcendentalism: a philosophical and literary movement of the 1800s that emphasized living a simple life and celebrated the truth found in nature and in personal emotion and imagination. 42) William Lloyd Garrison: the most radical white abolitionist and a young editor who published a paper called The Liberator. 43) Frederick Douglas: a slave who escaped from bondage to become an eloquent and outspoken critic of slavery. 44) Nat Turner: a Virginia slave who led a rebellion called Turner's Rebellion, capturing 4 plantations and killing about 60 whites. 45)Elizabeth Cady Stanton: an ardent abolitionist in the women's rights movement. 46) Seneca Falls convention: a women's rights convention held in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. 47) Sojourner Truth: a former slave who refuted the arguments that because she was a woman she was weak, and because she was black, she was not feminine.