Sisteme de ecuatii liniare

1.Matrice inversabile

1.S se determine inversa matricei A=

det(A)=

A 1 =

1 2 1
302
4 1 2

1
A*
det A

1 2
30
4 1

=0-3+16-0-12-2=-10

1 3 4

t
A= 2 0 1
1 2 2

2 5 4

*
A = 2 6 5
3 7 6

2 5 4

1
*
A = A = 2 6 5
3 7 6

m 2 m+ 2

2.Se considera matricea A = 1 m + 3 1

3 4 1

,mR

a)S se determine mR pentru care A este matrice inversabila

b)Pentru m=1 s se determine A1 .

det(A)=

m 2 m+ 2
1 m+ 3 1
3 4 1

=-2(m+1)

A este inversabilam+10mR\{-1}

1 2 3

m=1A= 1 4 1 ,iar det(A)= -8

3 4 1

1 1 3
8 1 4 1 0

t
*
A = 2 4 4 ,iar A = 4 8 4
8 10 6
3 1 1

8 14 10
4 7 5
1

1
A 1 = 4 8 4 = 2 4 2
8
4 4 5 3

8
1
0
6

2.Ecuatii matriceale
1.S se rezolve ecuatia matriceal:

3 2 5 5
X
1 1 = 1 4 1

3 2
5 5
X A=B unde A=
1 1 iar B= 1 4 1

detA=50exista A 1
(XA)

A1 =B A 1 X= B A 1

Dar, A 1 =

1 1
1
A* =
5
det A
1

5 5 1 1 2 2
X= =
1 4 1 5 1 3 = 3

2 1
3 2 2 6
2. S se determine X din egalitatea
1 1 X 5 3 = 3 4

A X B=C,unde:

 2 1 3 2 2 6
A=
1 1 ; B= 5 3 ;C= 3 4

det (A)=10 si det B=-10,atunci avem:

A 1

(AXB)

B 1 = A 1

B 1 X= A 1

1 1
3 2
Dar, A = A =
1 2 si B= - B = 5 3

1 1 2 6 3 2 3 5 2 0
X=
1 2 3 4 5 3 = 4 6 2 6

2.Sisteme de ecuatii matriceale

Metoda matriceala
1.S se rezolve prin metoda matriceala sistemul

2x 5 y = 7

x + 3y = 2

2 5
A=
1 3

; X=

7
;B=
2

2 3
15

A X=B

detA=

=110A este inversabila

B 1

X= A

1 3 5 7 x 1
B X=
=

1 1 1 2 2 y 1

S=(x=1,y= -1) S={(1;-1)}

2.

.S se rezolve prin metoda matriceala sistemul de ecuatii:

2x y + z = 6

x 3y 2z = 7
3x + 4 y 2 z

Matricele asociate sistemului sunt:

2 1 1 x

A= 1 3 2 ; X= y
3 4 2 z

A X=B

det(A)=

A 1

2 1 1
1 3 2
3 4 2

6

; B= 7
4

=450

2
14 2 5 6

1
= 4 7 5 7 X= 1
4 5

3
13 11 5 4

S sistem={(2,1,3)}

3.S se rezolve sistemul de ecuatii liniare prin metoda lui Crammer

3x + 2 y + z = 1 7 5

2 x + 3 y + 2 z = 2 2 0; Matricea sistemului este A=

x + 5 y + 3z = 2 9 5

3 2 1

2 3 2

1 5 3

iar

det(A)=

3 2 1
2 3 2
1 5 3

=-40sistemul este de tip Cramer

x= d x , y= d y ,z= d z
d
d
d

1 2 1 37 2 1 5 123 5
12 6
2 3 2 = 5 42 3 2 = 5 402 1 0 = 5 6 = 1 0 0
14 6
2 5 3 59 5 3 954 1 0 6

3 11 37 13 45 13 15 13 5
2 22 = 5 2 24 = 5 404 24 = 5 4 4 190 = 1 2 0
1 32 19 35 459 35 09 22 4

3 2 1 3 2 37 0 1 5 1 3 4 2
1 1 3 4 2
dz= 2 3 2 = 5 2 3 42 = 5 70 407 = 5 4 = 1 6 0
7 7 4
1 5 2 1 5 9 51 95 9
Solutia sistemului :S=(25,30,40)
x=

100
4

y=

120
4

z=

160
4