Chapter 1.

1
All calculations here are made without a calculator so they may differ slightly from a
calculator answer.
Q1 Taking the diameter of a proton to be order 10!15 m we find

10!15
= 0.3 "10!23 = 3 "10!24 # 10!24 s .
8
3 "10
Q2 The mass of the earth is about 6 !1024 kg and the mass of a hydrogen atom about

6 "1024
= 3 "1051 # 1051 .
2 "10!27
1017
Q3 From the table on page 5, !43 = 1060 .
10
2 "10!27 kg so we need

Q4

6.380 "106
= 6 "1041 # 1042 .
!35
10

Q5 A heartbeat lasts or 1 s so

75 ! 365 ! 24 ! 3600
" 8 ! 4 ! 2 ! 4 !107 " 2.6 !109 " 109 .
1

1041
Q6 Using the table on page 4, 30 = 1011 .
10
Q7 From the table on page 4,

1021
! 1010 .
11
1.5 "10

300 300
!
= 15 moles of water.
18
20
Hence the number of molecules is 15 ! 6 !1023 = 90 !1023 " 1025 .

Q8 There are 300 g of water in the glass and hence

6 !104
" 0.3 !104 = 3 !103 moles
18
of water. Hence the number of molecules is 3 !103 ! 6 !1023 = 18 !1026 " 1027 .
Q9 There are 6 !104 g of water in the body and hence

Q10 Taking a mass of 1053 kg for the universe and the mass of hydrogen molecule to be
2 "1.7 "10!27 # 3 "10!27 kg we get

1053
" 0.3 #1080 = 3 #1079 " 1079 .
!27
3 #10

Q11 The mass is about 1.7 "10!27 kg and the radius about 10!15 m so the density is
1.7 #10"27
1.7 #10"27
$
= 0.5 #1018 = 5 #1017 kg m "3 .
"45
4!
4 #10
# (10"15 )3
3

Q12 The distance to be travelled is 1.5 !1011 m and so the time of travel is

1.5 !1011
500
50
= 0.5 !103 = 500 s =
min =
" 8 min .
8
3 !10
60
6
Q13 Assuming a mass of 4000 kg for the elephant and apples of mass 0.150 kg we need
4000 4000
!
= 2 "104 apples.
0.15
0.2
Q14 See answer in the textbook.
Q15, 16, 17 See answers in textbook.
Q18 v =

15.68 "10!3
= 1.792 "105 m s !1 .
87.50 "10!9

Q19 (a) E = 2.5 "1.6 "10

!19

= 4.0 "10

!19

8.6 "10!18
= 54 eV .
J . (b) E =
1.6 "10!19

Q20 V = (2.8 "10!2 )3 = 2.2 "10!5 m3 .

Q21 a = (588 "10!9 )1/3 = 8.38 "10!3 m .

m
Q22 g = 9.8 2 = 9.8
s

100 "

1
1
" ft
2.54 12 = 32 ft s !2 .
s2

Q23 V = 125 " 2.96 "10!5 m3 and so

a = V 1/3 = (125 " 2.96 "10!5 )1/3 = 0.15467 m = 15.467 cm =

224 !103
= 300 hp .
Q24 P =
746
Q25 (a) 200 g, (b) 2 kg, (c) 400 g.

15.467
= 6.01 in .
2.54

Q26 The distance to be travelled is 1021 m and so the time of travel is

1021
3 !1012
3 !1012
1
13
12
=
0.3
!
10
=
3
!
10
s
=
yr
=
" !106 = 105 yr .
8
6
3 !10
365 ! 24 ! 3600
4 ! 2 ! 4 !10 10
Q27 The mass is of order 1030 kg and the radius of order 106 m so the density is of order
1030
1030
=
= 0.25 #109 = 2 #108 kg m "3 .
21
4!
(107 )3 4 #10
3

103
105
100 "
2
3600 = 4 "103 = 10 # 100 = 5 m s !2 so it is
Q28 In SI units the acceleration is
4
4
16
20
about half g.
Q29 Assuming a mass of 70 kg made out of water we have 7 !104 g of water in the body

7 !104
" 0.5 !104 = 5 !103 moles of water. Hence the number of molecules is
and hence
18
3
5 !10 ! 6 !1023 = 30 !1026 " 3 !1027 . Each molecule contains 2 electrons from hydrogen
and 8 from oxygen for a total of 10 ! 3 !1027 = 3 !1028 electrons.
Q30 Assuming masses of 50 kg we have
GM 1M 2 6.7 "10!11 " 502
F=
=
# 7 "10!11 " 25 "102 # 200 "10!9 # 2 "10!7 # 10!7 N .
2
2
r
1
Q31 The ratio is
Fe
ke 2
9 "109 " (1.6 "10!19 ) 2
9 "109 " 3 "10!38
3 "1044 1044
=
=
#
#
#
# 5 "1042 .
2
!11
!31 2
!11
!62
Fg Gm
6.7 "10 " (9.1"10 )
7 "10 " 81"10
63
20
Q32 f = cm x k y . The units of m is kg i.e. M and those of k are

N kg m s !2
=
= kg s !2 = M T !2 . Hence
m
m
T = M x (M T !2 ) y = M x + y T 2 y .
From this we deduce that

x+ y =0
2y =1! y =

Thus, f = c

k
.
m

Q33 See answers in the textbook.

1
1
!x="
2
2