Assignment No.

2 Data Communication and Network, WRET 3105 Section One: Introduction to Computer Networking Section A Short Questions: 1) Give a brief definition of Computer Networking. 2) What is OSI model? 3) List all the OSI model layers. 4) In OSI network architecture, the dialogue control and token management are responsibility of a) session layer b) network layer c) transport layer d) data link layer e) none of above 5) In OSI network architecture, the routing is performed by a) network layer b) data link layer c) transport layer d) session layer 6) Layer one of the OSI model is a) physical layer b) link layer c) transport layer d) network layer e) none of above

7) What is Network Topologies? 8) Which topology requires a central controller or hub? a) b) c) d) Mesh Star Bus Ring

9) A ______ is a data communication system spanning states, countries, or the whole world. a) b) c) d) MAN LAN WAN none of the above

10) Within a computer network, a router would perform which one of the following functions? a) Select network pathways/links within a network for the flow of data/information. b) Provide for communication within the network. c) Amplify and rebroadcast signals in a network. d) Forward data packets to their network destination.

Section B Long Questions 1) What is the function of computer network? Explain it properties. 2) Describe the 7 layers of OSI models. 3) What is data encapsulation? Explain. 4) Explain TWO of the Network Topologies . 5) What are the benefits of networking in home?

Assignment No.2 Data Communication and Network, WRET 3105 Section One: Introduction to Computer Networking Section A Short Questions: 1) Give a brief definition of Computer Networking. Computer Networking is basically the process of connecting two or more computers or devices, using hardware and software, so that data can be transferred and shared between them. 2) What is OSI model? Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model is description for layered communications and computer network protocol design. 3) List all the OSI model layers. Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: Physical Layer Data Link Layer Network Layer Transport Layer Session Layer Presentation Layer Application Layer

4) In OSI network architecture, the dialogue control and token management are responsibility of f) session layer g) network layer h) transport layer i) data link layer j) none of above 5) In OSI network architecture, the routing is performed by e) network layer f) data link layer g) transport layer h) session layer i) none of above

6) Layer one of the OSI model is f) physical layer g) link layer h) transport layer i) j) network layer none of above

7) What is Network Topologies? A computer network topology is the physical communication scheme used by connected devices. 8) Which topology requires a central controller or hub? e) f) g) h) Mesh Star Bus Ring

9) A ______ is a data communication system spanning states, countries, or the whole world. e) f) g) h) MAN LAN WAN none of the above

10) Within a computer network, a router would perform which one of the following functions? a) Select network pathways/links within a network for the flow of data/information. b) Provide for communication within the network. c) Amplify and rebroadcast signals in a network. d) Forward data packets to their network destination.

Section B Long Questions 1) What is the function of computer network? Explain it properties. Computer Network is a medium used to transport the data, communications protocol used, scale, topology, and organizational scope. Facilitate communications Using a network, people can communicate efficiently and easily via email, instant messaging, chat rooms, telephone, video telephone calls, and video conferencing. Permit sharing of files, data, and other types of information In a network environment, authorized users may access data and information stored on other computers on the network. The capability of providing access to data and information on shared storage devices is an important feature of many networks. Share network and computing resources In a networked environment, each computer on a network may access and use resources provided by devices on the network, such as printing a document on a shared network printer. Distributed computing uses computing resources across a network to accomplish tasks. May be insecure A computer network may be used by computer hackers to deploy computer viruses or computer worms on devices connected to the network, or to prevent these devices from normally accessing the network (denial of service). 2) Describe the 7 layers of OSI models. PHYSICAL LAYER The physical layer, the lowest layer of the OSI model, is concerned with the transmission and reception of the unstructured raw bit stream over a physical medium. It describes the electrical/optical, mechanical, and functional interfaces to the physical medium, and carries the signals for all of the higher layer DATA LINK LAYER The data link layer provides error-free transfer of data frames from one node to another over the physical layer, allowing layers above it to assume virtually error-free transmission over the link. NETWORK LAYER The network layer controls the operation of the subnet, deciding which physical path the data should take based on network conditions, priority of service, and other factors.

TRANSPORT LAYER The transport layer ensures that messages are delivered error-free, in sequence, and with no losses or duplications. It relieves the higher layer protocols from any concern with the transfer of data between them and their peers. SESSION LAYER The session layer allows session establishment between processes running on different stations. PRESENTATION LAYER The presentation layer formats the data to be presented to the application layer. It can be viewed as the translator for the network. This layer may translate data from a format used by the application layer into a common format at the sending station, then translate the common format to a format known to the application layer at the receiving station. APPLICATION LAYER The application layer serves as the window for users and application processes to access network services. 3) What is data encapsulation? Explain. Encapsulation is the process of breaking a message into packets, adding control and other information and transmitting the message through the transmission media with the following five steps processing. They are;

Upper layers prepare the data to be sent through the network The transport layer breaks the data into pieces called packets, adding sequencing and
control information.

The network layer converts the segments into packets, adding logical network and
devices addresses.

The data link layer converts the packets into frames, adding physical device addressing
information.

The physical layer converts the frames into bits for transmission across the
transmission media.

4) Explain TWO of the Network Topologies . Star Topology In local area networks with a star topology, each network host is connected to a central hub with a point-to-point connection. The network does not necessarily have to resemble a star to be classified as a star network, but all of the nodes on the network must be connected to one central device. All traffic that traverses the network passes through the central hub. The hub acts as a signal repeater. The star topology is considered the easiest topology to design and implement. An advantage of the star topology is the simplicity of adding additional nodes. The primary disadvantage of the star topology is that the hub represents a single point of failure. Ring topology A network topology that is set up in a circular fashion in which data travels around the ring in one direction and each device on the right acts as a repeater to keep the signal strong as it travels. Each device incorporates a receiver for the incoming signal and a transmitter to send the data on to the next device in the ring. The network is dependent on the ability of the signal to travel around the ring

5) What are the benefits of networking in home? file sharing - Network file sharing between computers gives you more flexibity than using floppy drives or Zip drives. Not only can you share photos, music files, and documents, you can also use a home network to save copies of all of your important data on a different computer. Backups are one of the most critical yet overlooked tasks in home networking.

printer / peripheral sharing - Once a home network is in place, it's easy to then set up all of the computers to share a single printer. No longer will you need to bounce from one system or another just to print out an email message. Other computer peripherals can be shared similarly such as network scanners, Web cams, and CD burners.

Internet connection sharing - Using a home network, multiple family members can access the Internet simultaneously without having to pay an ISP for multiple accounts. You will notice the Internet connection slows down when several people share it, but broadband Internet can handle the extra load with little trouble. Sharing dial-up Internet connections works, too. Painfully slow sometimes, you will still appreciate having shared dial-up on those occasions you really need it.

multi-player games - Many popular home computer games support LAN mode where friends and family can play together, if they have their computers networked.

Internet telephone service - So-called Voice over IP (VoIP) services allow you to make and receive phone calls through your home network across the Internet, saving you money.

home entertainment - Newer home entertainment products such as digital video recorders (DVRs) and video game consoles now support either wired or wireless home networking. Having these products integrated into your network enables online Internet gaming, video sharing and other advanced features.