ABSTRACT

H o lo g ra p h ic V e rsa tile D isc (H V D ) is a n o p tic a l d isc te c h n o lo g y still in th e re se a rc h sta g e w h ic h w o u ld in c re a se sto ra g e o v e r B lu e -ra y H Pisc VnDp tic a l d isc sy ste m s. It e m p lo y s a te c h n iq u e k n oh onloagsra p,h y e a r D D a od w c o llin w h e re b y tw o rs o n e re d a n d o n e b lu e -g re e n , a retein a sin g le b e a m . T h e b lu e -g re e n la se r re a d s d a ta e n c o d e d a s la se , c o llim a d la se r in te rfe re n c e frin g e shfro m ra p hla y e r n e a r th e to p o f th e d isc w h ile th e re d la se r is u se d a s th e re fe re n c e b e a m a n d o lo g a ic to re a d rv oin fo rm a tio n fro m a re g u la r C lu m in le la y e r n e a r th e b o tto m . S e rv o in fo rm a tio n is u se d to m o n ito r th e se a D -sty iu m p o sitio n o f th e re a d h e a d o v e r th e d isc , sim ila r to th e h e a d , tra c k , a n d se c to r in fo rm rdtio isk n rivceo nav e n tio n a l h a a d n o d .a O n C D oD V Dth is se rv o in fo rm a tio n is in te rsp e rse d a m o n g st th e d a ta . r A d ic h ro ic m irro r la y e r b e tw e e n th e h o lo g ra p h ic d a ta a n d th e se rv o d a ta re fle c ts th e b lu e -g re e n la se r w h ile le t re d la se r p a ss th ro u g h . T h is p re v e n ts in te rfe re n c e fro m re fra c tio n o f th e b lu e -g re e n la se r o ff th e se rv o d a ta p its

a d v a n c e o v e r p a st h o lo g ra p h ic sto ra g e m e d ia , w h ic h e ith e r e x p e rie n c e d to o m u c h in te rfe re n c e , o r la c k e d th e se rv o d a t m a k in g th e m in c o m p a tib le w ith c u rre n t C D a n d D V D d riv e te c h n o lo g y .T h e se d isc s h a v e th e c a p a c ity to h o ld

te ra b y te (T B ) o f in fo rm a tio n , w h ic h is a p p ro x im a te ly 6 ,0 0 0 tim e s th e c a p a c ity o f a C D -R O M , 8 3 0 tim e s th e c a p a c ity o 1 6 0 tim e s th e c a p a c ity o f sin B le -la yye rD isc s d a b o u t 8 tim e s th e c a p a c ity o f sta n d a rd c o m p a steo f h a rd d riv e s g lu -ra , an u r 2 0 0 .6 T h e H V D a lso h a s a tra n sfe r ra te o f 1 g ig a b it/s. O p tw a re is e x p e c te d to re le a se a 2 0 0 G B d isc in e a rly Ju n e 2 M a x e ll in S e p te m b e r 2 0 0 6 w ith a c a p a c ity o f 3 0 0 G B a n d tra n sfe r ra te o f 2 0 M B /s.

1. INTRODUCTION

R e q u ire m e n ts fo r re m o v a b le m e d ia sto ra g e d e v ic e s (R M S D s) u se d w ith p e rso n a l c o m p u te rs h a v e c

sig n ific a n tly sin c e th e in tro d u c tio n o f th e flo p p y d isk in 1 9 7 1 . A t o n e tim e , d e sk to p c o m p u te rs d e p e n d e d o n flo p p y d i

o f th e ir sto ra g e re q u ire m e n ts. E v e n w ith th e a d v e n t o f m u lti G ig a b y te h a rd d riv e s a n d fa st In te rn e t c o n n e c tio n s, flo a n d o th e r R M S D s a re still a n in te g ra l p a rt o f m o st c o m p u te r sy ste m s, p ro v id in g :

t* T ra n sp o rt b e tw e e n c o m p u te rs fo r d a ta file s a n d so ftw a re

B a c k u p to p re se rv e d a ta fro m th e h a rd d isk s. A w a y to lo a d th e o p e ra tin g sy ste m so ftw a re in th e e v e n t o f a h a rd -d riv e fa ilu re .

S o m e R M S D o p tio n s a v a ila b le to d a y a re a p p ro a c h in g th e p e rfo rm a n c e , c a p a c ity , a n d c o st o f h a rd -d isk C o n sid e ra tio n s fo r se le c tin g a n R M S D in c lu d e c a p a c ity , sp e e d , c o n v e n ie n c e , d u ra b ility , d a ta a v a ila b ility , a n d c o m p a tib ility . T e c h n o lo g y o p tio n s u se d to re ad a n d w rite d a ta in c lu d e :

M a g n e tic fo rm a ts th a t u se m a g n e tic p a rtic le s a n d m a g n e tic fie ld s. > O p tic a l fo rm a ts th a t u se la se r lig h t a n d o p tic a l se n so rs.

M a g n e to -o p tic a l a n d m a g n e to -o p tic a l h y b rid s th a t u se a c o m b in a tio n o f m a g n e tic a n d o p tic a l p ro p e rtie s to i sto ra g e c a p a c ity .

Fitmi n f T S F

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2. REMOVABLE MEDIA STORAGE DEVICES (RMSDs)

L e t u s h a v e a g la n c e o n th e d iffe re n t R M S D s.

2.1 Floppy Disk

F lo p p y d isk d riv e s p ro v id e fa ste r d a ta a c c e ss b e c a u se th e y a c c e ss d a ta ra n d o m ly . F lo p p y d riv e s p ro v id e a n a v e a c c e ss sp e e d o f le ss th a n 1 0 0 m illise c o n d s (m s).

T h e 1 .4 4 -M B , 3 .5 -in c h flo p p y is u se fu l fo r sto rin g a n d b a c k in g u p sm a ll d a ta file s, c a n b e u se d to b o o t c o m p u te r

a n d h a s b e e n th e sta n d a rd fo r d a ta in te rc h a n g e b e tw e e n P C s. H o w e v e r it p ro v id e s o n ly a fra c tio n o f th e sto ra g e c a p a c i

fo r m a n y file s a n d m o st so ftw a re p ro g ra m s in u se to d a y . S to rin g d a ta o n flo p p y d riv e s a lso is slo w . D a ta tra n sfe r ra a ro u n d 0 .0 6 M B /se c . 2.2 Optical Formats O p tic a l R M S D fo rm a ts u se a la ser lig h t so u rc e to re a d a n d /o r w rite d ig ita l d a ta to d isc . C D a n d D V D a re tw o m

fo rm a ts. C D s a n d D V D s h a v e sim ila r c o m p o sitio n s c o n sistin g o f a la b e l, a p ro te c tiv e la y e r, a re fle c tiv e la y e r (a lu m in o r g o ld ), a d ig ita l-d a ta la y e r m o ld e d in p o ly c a rb o n a te , a n d a th ic k p o ly c a rb o n a te b o tto m la y e r

Top of disc

Protective layer

Bottom Of disc

Polycarbonate
layer

Label layer

Optical Disk Composition

Reflective layer
Digitaldata layer

Holographic Versatile Disc

C D fo rm a ts in c lu d e :

C o m p a c t d isc -re a d o n ly m e m o ry (C D -R O M ) C o m p a c t d isc -re c o rd a b le (C D -R ) C o m p a c t d isc -re w rita b le (C D -R W )

D V D fo rm a ts in c lu d e :

D ig ita l v e rsa tile d isc -re a d o n ly m e m o ry (D V D -R O M ) D ig ita l v e rsa tile d isc -re c o rd a b le (D V D -R ) D V D -R A M (re w rita b le ) D ig ita l v e rsa tile d isc -re w rita b le (D V D -R W ) + R W (re w rita b le )

2.3 CD-ROM

C D -R O M S ta n d a rd w a s e sta b lish e d in 1 9 8 4 .T h e y q u ic k ly e v o lv e d in to a lo w c o st d ig ita l sto ra g e o p tio n b e c C D -a u d io in d u stry D a ta b its a re p e rm a n e n tly sto re d o n a C D a s a sp ira l tra c k o f p h y sic a lly m o ld e d p its in th e su rfa c e o f a p la s

la y e r th a t is c o a te d w ith re fle c tiv e a lu m in u m . S m o o th a re a s su rro u n d in g p its a re c a lle d la n d s. C D s a re e x tre m e l b e c a u se th e o p tic a l p ic k u p (la se r lig h t so u rc e , le n se s a n d o p tic a l e le m e n ts, p h o to e le c tric se n so rs, a n d a m p lifie rs) n e v

th e d isc . B e c a u se d a ta is re a d th ro u g h th e th ic k b o tto m la y e r, m o st sc ra tc h e s a n d d u st o n th e d isc su rfa c e a re o u t o f th e y d o n o t in te rfe re w ith th e re a d in g p ro c e ss.

O n e C D -R O M (6 5 0 -7 0 0 M B ) sto ra g e c a p a c ity c a n sto re d a ta fro m m o re th a n 4 5 0 flo p p y d isk s. D a ta a c c e ra n g e s fro m 8 0 to 1 2 0 m s. D a ta tra n sfe r ra te s a re a p p ro x im a te ly 6 M B /se c .

2.4 DVD-ROM

T h e D V D -R O M sta n d a rd , in tro d u c e d in 1 9 9 5 c a m e o v e r a s a re su lt o f a D V D c o n so rtiu m . L ik e C D d riv e s d riv e s re a d d a ta th ro u g h th e d isc su b stra te re d u c in g in te rfe re n c e s fro m su rfa c e d u st a n d sc ra tc h e s. H o w e v e r D

te c h n o lo g y p ro v id e s se v e n tim e s th e sto ra g e c a p a c ity o f C D s a n d a c c o m p lish e s m o st o f th is in c re a se b y a d v a

te c h n o lo g y u se d fo r C D sy ste m s. T h e d ista n c e b e tw e e n re c o rd in g tra c k s is le s th a n h a lf th a t is u se d fo r C D s. T h e p it s le ss th a n h a lf

n*t

wcirr is i -----------------

Holographic Versatile Disc

th a t o f C D s, w h ic h re q u ire s a re d u c e d la se r w a v e le n g th re a d th e sm a lle r siz e d p its. T h e se fe a tu re s a lo n e g iv e D V D -R 4 .5 tim e s th e sto ra g e c a p a c ity o f C D s. D V D d riv e s c a n a lso sto re o n b o th sid e s o f th e d isc ; m a n u fa c tu re rs d e liv e r th e tw o -sid e d stru c tu re b y b o n d

th in n e r su b stra te s to g e th e r, p ro v id in g th e p o ten tia l to d o u b le a D V D 's sto ra g e c a p a c ity . S in g le sid e d D V D d isc s h a v fu se d su b stra te s, b u t o n ly o n e sid e c o n ta in s d ata . In a D V D , sto ra g e o f d a ta in th e d a ta la y e rs c a n b e : S in g le -sid e d , sin g le la y e r (4 .7 G B ) D o u b le -sid e d , sin g le la y e r (9 .4 G B ) S in g le -sid e d , d o u b le la y e r (8 .5 G B ) D o u b le -sid e d , d o u b le la y e r (1 7 G B )

0.6mm Single-sided, single layer 0.6mm

Double-sided. Single layer (9.4 GB)

Double.-sided, layer (1" GB) (4 .7GB) Single-sided,

double

double layer (8.5 GB) 0.6inm 1___TlTLT_ 11__3 Lj U I__I Li U l_ _

uin______n_ _f l/Tj^rnjiru

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0.6mm

UnjTJi_jT_ruih_JLmi_jTJ

Substrate

1 Lacquer
Figure: DVD Data Storage Versions

| Reflective Laver

2.5 DVD-R

Holographic Versatile Disc

D V D -R d riv e s w e re in tro d u c e d in 1 9 9 7 to p ro v id e w rite -o n c e ca p a b ility o n D V D -R d isc s u se d

p ro d u c in g d isc m a ste rs in so ftw a re d e v e lo p m e n t a n d fo r m u ltim e d ia p o st-p ro d u c tio n . T h is te c h n o lo g y so m e tim e s re fe D V D -R fo r a u th o rin g , is lim ite d to n ic h e a p p lic a tio n s b e c a u se d riv e s a n d m e d ia a re e x p e n siv e .

D V D -R d isc s e m p lo y a p h o to se n sitiv e d y e te c h n o lo g y sim ila r to C D -R m e d ia . A t 3 .9 5 G B p e r sid e first D V D -R d isc s p ro v id e d a little le ss sto ra g e c a p a c ity th a n D V D -R O M d isc s. T h a t c a p a c ity h a s n o w b e e n e x te n d e d

G B c a p a c ity o f D V D -R O M d isc s. T h e IX D V D -R d a ta tra n sfe r ra te is 1 .3 M B /se c . M o st D V D -R O M d riv e s a n d D

p la y e rs re a d D V D -R d isc s. S lig h tly m o d ifie d D V D -R d riv e s a n d d isc s h a v e re c e n tly b e c o m e a v a ila b le fo r g e n e ra l u se .

2 .6DVD-RAM

D V D -R A M (re w rita b le ) d riv e s w e re in tro d u c e d in 1 9 9 8 . D V D -R A M d e v ic e s u se a p h a se c h

te c h n o lo g y c o m b in e d w ith so m e e m b o sse d la n d /p it fe a tu re s. E m p lo y in g a fo rm a t te rm e d "la n d g ro o v e " , d a ta is re c o r g ro o v e s fo rm e d o n th e d isc a n d o n th e la n d b e tw e e n th e g ro o v e s. T h e in itia l d isc c a p a c ity w a s 2 .6 G B p e r sid e , b u t a 4 .7 G B - p e r-sid e v e rsio n is n o w a v a ila b le .

T h e 4 .7 -G B D V D -R A M d isc s c o m e in c a rtrid g e s th a t p ro te c t th e m e d iu m fro m h a n d lin g d a m a g e , su

fin g e rp rin ts a n d sc ra tc h e s. A sin g le -sid e d d isc is e x p e c te d to b e re m o v a b le fro m th e c a rtrid g e so it c a n a lso b e p la y e d R O M d riv e s th a t su p p o rt D V D -R A M . T h e d o u b le -sid e d d isc , p ro v id in g 4 .7 G B o f sto ra g e c a p a c ity p e r sid e , is n o t fro m th e c a rtrid g e . E a c h D V D -R A M d isc is re p o rte d to h a n d le m o re th a n 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 re w rite s. D V D -R A M is sp e c if d e sig n e d fo r P C d a ta sto ra g e ; D V D -R A M d isc s u se a sto ra g e stru c tu re b a se d in se c to rs, in ste a d o f th e sp ira l g ro o v

u se d fo r C D d a ta sto ra g e . T h is se c to r sto ra g e is sim ila r to th e sto ra g e stru c tu re u se d b y h a rd d riv e s. S e c to r sto ra g e fa ste r ra n d o m d a ta a c c e ss sp e e d .

B e c a u se o f th e ir h ig h c o st re la tiv e to C D -R W te c h n o lo g y , c u rre n t c o n su m e r-o rie n te d D V D -R A M d riv

a n d m e d ia a re n o t a p o p u la r c h o ic e fo r P C a p p lic a tio n s. S lo w a d o p tio n o f D V D -R A M re a d in g c a p a b ility in D V D -R O M h a s a lso lim ite d D V D -R A M m a rk e t a c c e p ta n ce . 2 .7 DVD-RW

T h e D V D -R W d riv e fo rm a t is sim ila r to th e D V D -R fo rm a t, b u t o ffe rs re w rita b ility u sin g a p h a se -c h re c o rd in g la y e r th a t is c o m p a ra b le to th e p h a se -c h a n g e la y e r u se d fo r C D -R W . D V D -R W is in te n d e d fo r c o n su m e r -P C ) u se , b u t P C a p p lic a tio n s a re a lso e x p e c ted fo r th is te c h n o lo g y . T h e first D V D -R W d riv e s b a se d o n th is fo rm a t, re c o rd e d D V D -R d isc s, w e re in tro d u c e d in e arly 2 0 0 1 .
c
OH 7^/^17 TS 7

_______________________________ 7.

2.8 +RW

S o n y a n d P h ilip s w e re fo u n d in g m e m b e rs o f th e D V D c o n so rtiu m , b u t b ro k e a w a y to in tro d u c e

D V D + R W (n o w c a lle d + R W ) p h a se c h a n g e , re w rita b le te c h n o lo g y in 1 9 9 7 . D isc s c a n b e w ritte n a p p ro x im a te ly 1 0 w h ic h m a k e s th e m a g o o d o p tio n fo r v id e o re c o rd in g , b u t n o t o p tim a l fo r d a ta sto ra g e . + R W te c h n o lo g y 's stro n g e st fe b a c k w a rd c o m p a tib ility w ith D V D -R O M d riv e s a n d D V D v id e o p la y e rs.

2 .9 M a g n e to -O p tic a l F o rm a ts M a g n e to -o p tic a l (M O ) te c h n o lo g y c o m b in e s h e stre n g th s o f m a g n etic a n d o p tic a l te c h n o lo g ie s b y u s la se r to re a d d a ta a n d th e c o m b in a tio n o f a la se r a n d m a g n e tic fie ld to w rite d a ta . T h e to p (la b e l sid e ) o f th e d isk is e x m a g n e tic fie ld to w rite d a ta , a n d a la se r lig h t so u rc e ta rg e ts th e d a ta la y e r th ro u g h th e b o tto m su b stra te to re a d d a ta .

T h e re a re 3 .5 - a n d 5 .5 -in c h d isk fo rm a ts th a t c o n ta in a m a g n e tic a llo y la y e r. M a g n e tic p a rtic le s in

a llo y a re v e ry sta b le a n d re sist c h a n g in g p o la rity a t ro o m te m p e ra tu re . D a ta b its re re c o rd e d o n th is m a g n e tic la y e r b y w ith a fo c u se d la se r b e a m in th e p re se n c e o f m a g n e tic fie ld . C h a n g e s in th e m a g n e tic o rie n ta tio n o f th e d a ta b its a lo

re p re se n ts 0 s a n d 1 s m u c h lik e o n h a rd d isk s a n d o th e r m a g n e tic m e d ia . T h e m a g n e tic la y e r a lso c h a n g e s th e r

p o la riz a tio n o f re fle c te d la se r lig h t d e p e n d in g o n th e 0 o r 1 p o la rity o f th e m a g n e tic b its. T h is p ro p e rty c a lle d th e " K e a n d is u se d to re a d th e d a ta . M O sy ste m s a lso in c re a se th e d a ta b its v e rtic a lly ra th e r th a n h o riz o n ta lly . T h e 3 .5 -in c h d isk s a re a v a ila b le in 1 2 8 -, 2 3 0 -, a n d 6 4 0 -M B sto ra g e c a p a c itie s. T h e

5 .2 5 -in c h d isk s c o m e in 6 5 0 -M B a n d 1 .3 -, 2 .6 -, a n d 5 .2 -G B siz e s. A 9 .1 -G B siz e is e x p e c te d so o n . A t le ss th a n 2

a c c e ss tim e s fa ste r th a n th e a v e ra g e 1 0 0 m s o f p h a se c h a n g e C D a n d D V D te c h n o lo g ie s. M O d riv e s a re w id e ly u se d in

g e n e ra l-p u rp o se sto ra g e , sim ila r to th e w a y Z ip d riv e s a re u se d in th e U .S . O u tsid e o f Ja p a n ; a p p lic a tio n s fo r M ty p ic a lly h a v e b e e n in n ic h e m a rk e ts fo r C o m p u te r-A id e d D e sig n /C o m p u te r-A id e d M a n u fa c tu rin g (C A D /C A M ), im a g in g , a n d h ig h -c a p a c ity a rc h iv e s.

0\T/^/^T?

l r - I _____________I.

Holographic Versatile Disc 3.

HOLOGRAPHIC

VERSATILE DISC

3.1How Holographic Versatile Discs Work H o lo g ra p h ic m e m o ry sy ste m s h a v e b e e n a ro u n d fo r d e c a d e s. T h e y o ffe r ta r m o re sto ra g e c a p a c ity C D sa n dD V D s e v e n " n e x t-g e n e ra tio n " D B lu - lik e th a n VDs ra y a n d th e ir tra n sfe r ra te s le a v e c o n v e n tio n a l d isc s in th e d u st. S o w h y h a v e n 't w e a ll b e e n h o lo g ra p h ic m e m orry e a rs n o w ? u sin fo y T h e re a re se v e ra l h u rd le s th a t h a v e b e e n h o ld in g h o lo g ra p h ic sto ra g e b a c k fro m th e re a lm o f m a ss H o lo g ra p h ic v e rsa tile d isc

c o n su m p tio n , in c lu d in g p ric e a n d c o m p le x ity . U n til n o w , th e sy ste m s h a v e re q u ire d a c o st-p ro h ib itiv e le v e l o f p r m a n u fa c tu rin g . B u t re c e n t c h a n g e s h a v e m a d e th e h o lo g ra p h ic v e rsa tile d isc (H V D ) d e v e lo p e d b y O p tw a re a v ia b le c o n su m e rs.

In th is a rtic le , w e 'll fin d o u t h o w th e H V D w o rk s, h o w it h a s im p ro v e d u p o n p re v io u s m e th o d s o f h o lo g ra p h ic sto ra g e it sta c k s u p to B lu -ra y a n d H D -D V D

-I

Holographic Versatile Disc

3.2Basics of Holographic Memory

T h e first ste p in u n d e rsta n d in g h o lo g ra p h ic m e m o ry is to u n d e rsta n d w h a t "h o lo g ra p h ic " m e a n s. H o lo g ra p h y is a m e th o d o f re cligrd tin g p a tte rn s o f o h to p ro d u c e a th re e -d im e n sio n a l o b je c t. T h e re c o rd e d p a tte rn s o f lig h t a re c a lle d a h o lo g ra m . T h e p ro c e ss o f c re a tin g a h o lo g ra m b e g in s w ith a fo cu se d b e a m o f lig h t ~ a la se r b e a. m h is la se r b e a m is sp lit in to tw o se p a ra te b e a m s: a re fe re n c e b e a m , T w h ic h re m a in s u n c h a n g e d th ro u g h o u t m u c h o f th e p ro c e ss, a n d a n in fo rm a tio n b e a m , w h ic h p a3-Ds im a g e o f th e D e a th S ta r th ro u g h a n im a g e . W h e n lig h t sse e n c o u n te rs a n im a g e , its c re a te d b y h o lo g ra p h y c o m p o sitio w c h a n g e s (se e Hon L ig h t W o rk s le a rn to

a b o u t th is p ro c e ss). In a se n se , o n c e th e in fo rm a tio n b e a m e n c o u n te rs a n im a g e , it c a rrie s th a t im a g e in its w a v e fo r

th e se tw o b e a m s in te rse c t, it c re a te s a p a tte rn o f lig h t in te rfe re n c e . If y o u re c o rd th is p a tte rn o f lig h t in te rfe re n e x a m p le , in a p h o to se n sitiv e p o ly m e r la y e r o f a d isc - y o u a re e sse n tia lly re c o rd in g th e lig h t p a tte rn o f th e im a g e .

T o re trie v e th e in fo rm a tio n sto re d in a h o lo g ra m , y o u sh in e th e re fe re n c e b e a m d ire c tly o n to th e h o lo g

W h e n it re fle c ts o ff th e h o lo g ra m , it h o ld s th e lig h t p a tte rn o f th e im a g e sto re d th e re . Y o u th e n se n d th is re c o n stru c tio a C M O S se n so r to re c re a te th e o rig in a l im a g e .

M o st o f u s th in k o f h o lo g ra m s a s sto rin g th e im a g e o f a n o b je c t, lik e th e D e a th S ta r p ic tu re d a b o v e

h o lo g ra p h ic m e m o ry sy ste m s w e 're d isc u ssin g h e re u se h o lo g ra m s to sto re d ig ita l in ste a d o f a n a lo g in fo rm a tio n , b sa m e c o n c e p t. In ste a d o f th e in fo rm a tio n b e a m e n c o u n te rin g a p a tte rn o f lig h t th a t re p re se n ts th e

____

Holographic Versatile Disc

D e a th S ta r, it e n c o u n te rs a p a tte rn o f lig h t a n d d a rk a re a s th a t re p re se n t o n e s a n d z e ro e s.

E n c o d e d p a g e d a ta

H V D o ffe rs se v e ra l a d v a n ta g e s o v e r tra d itio n a l sto ra g e te c h n o lo g y . H V D s c a n u ltim a te ly sto re m o re th a n 1 te ra b y

in fo rm a tio n th a t's 2 0 0 tim e s m o re th a n a sin g le -sid e d D V D a n d 2 0 tim e s m o re th a n a c u rre n t d o u b le -sid e d B lu -r

p a rtly d u e to H V D s sto rin g h o lo g ra m s in o v e rla p p in g p a tte rn s, w h ile a D V D b a sic a lly sto re s b its o f in fo rm a tio n sid

H V D s a lso u se a th ic k e r re c o rd in g la y e r th a n D V D s a n H V D sto re s in fo rm a tio n in a lm o st th e e n tire v o lu m e o in ste a d o f ju st a sin g le , th in la y e r.

D V D v s. H V D : R e c o rd in g -la y e r d e p th

Holographic Versatile Disc

Volumetric method

recording

T h e o th e r m a jo r b o o st o v e r c o n v e n tio n a l m e m o ry sy ste m s is H V D 's tra n sfe r ra te o f u p to 1 g ig a b y te (G B ) p e r se c o n d

tim e s fa ste r th a n D V D . A n H V D sto re s a n d re trie v e s a n e n tire p a g e o f d a ta , a p p ro x im a te ly 6 0 ,0 0 0 b its o f in fo rm a ti p u lse o f lig h t, w h ile a D V D sto re s a n d re trie v e s o n e b it o f d a ta in o n e p u lse o f lig h t. N o w th a t w e k n o w th e p re m ise a t w o rk in H V D te c h n o lo g y , le t's ta k e a lo o k a t th e stru c tu re o f th e O p tw a re d isc . 3.3The Holographic Data storage Basics

P ro to ty p e s d e v e lo p e d b y L u c e n t a n d IB M d iffe r slig h tly , b u t m o st h o lo g ra p h ic d a ta sto ra g e sy ste m s (H D S S ) a re b a sa m e c o n c e p t. H e re a re th e b a sic c o m p o n e n ts th a t a re n e e d e d to c o n stru c t a n H D S S : B lu e -g re e n a rg o n r la se B e a m sp litte rs to sp ilt th e la se r b e a m M irro rs to d ire c t th e la se r b e a m s L C Dp a n e l (sp a tia l lig h t m o d u la to r) L e n se s to fo c u s th e la se r b e a m s L ith iu m -n io b a te c ry sta l o r p h o to p o ly m e r C h a rg e -c o u p le d d e v ic e (C Cra ) c a m e D

D V D v s. H V D : R e c o rd in g -la y e r d e p th

Holographic Versatile Disc

W h e n th e b lu e -g re e n a rg o n la se r is fire d , a b e a m sp litte r c re a te s tw o b e a m s. O n e b e a m , c a lle d th e o b je c t o r sig n a l b e stra ig h t, b o u n c e o ff o n e m irro r a n d tra v e l th ro u g h a sp a tia l-lig h t m o d u la to r (S L Mry sta lnlaisp(L C Da) th a t liq u id c ). A dSyL M is sh o w s p a g e s o f ra w b in a ry d a ta a s c le a r a n d d a rk b o x e s. T h e in fo rm a tio n fro m th e p a g e o f b in a ry c o d e is c a rrie d b b e a m a ro u n d to th e lig h t-se n sitiv e lith iu m -n io b a te c ry sta l. S o m e sy ste m s u se a p h o to p o ly m e r in p la c e o f th e c ry sta

b e a m , c a lle d th e re fe re n c e b e a m , sh o o ts o u t th e sid e o f th e b e a m sp litte r a n d ta k e s a se p a ra te p a th to th e c ry sta l. W h

b e a m s m e e t, th e in te rfe re n c e p a tte rn th a t is c re a te d sto re s th e d a ta c a rrie d b y th e sig n a l b e a m in a sp e c ific a re a in th e c r d a ta is sto re d a s a h o lo g ra m .

Holographic Versatile Disc

A n a d v a n ta g e o f a h o lo g ra p h ic m e m o ry sy ste m is th a t a n e n tire p a g e o f d a ta c a n b e re trie v e d q u ic k ly a n d a t o n e tim e

to re trie v e a n d re c o n stru c t th e h o lo g ra p h ic p ag e o f d a ta sto re d in th e c ry sta l, th e re fe re n c e b e a m is sh in e d in to th e

e x a c tly th e sa m e a n g le a t w h ic h it e n te re d to sto re th a t p a g e o f d a ta . E a c h p a g e o f d a ta is sto re d in a d iffe re n t a re a o f t

b a se d o n th e a n g le a t w h ic h th e re fe re n c e b e a m strik e s it. D u rin g re c o n stru c tio n , th e b e a m w ill b e d iffra c te d b y th e

a llo w th e re c re a tio n o f th e o rig in a l p a g e th a t w a s sto re d . T h is re c o n stru c te d p a g e is th e n p ro je c te d o n to th e c h a rg d e v ic e (C C D ) c a m e ra , w h ic h in te rp re ts a n d fo rw a rd s th e d ig ita lmin fote r a tio n to a c o p u .rm T h e k e y c o m p o n e n t o f a n y h o lo g ra p h ic d a ta sto ra g e sy ste m is th e a n g le a t w h ic h th e se c o n d re fe re n c e b e a m is f

c ry sta l to re trie v e a p a g e o f d a ta . It m u st m a tch th e o rig in a l re fe re n c e b e a m a n g le e x a c tly . A d iffe re n c e o f ju st a th o u s m illim e te r w ill re su lt in fa ilu re to re trie v e th a t p a g e o f d a ta . 3.4The Holographic Versatile Disc

H o lo g ra p h ic m e m o ry h a s b e e n a ro u n d fo r m o re th a n 4 0 y e a rs, b u t se v e ra l c h a ra c te ristic s m a d e it d iffic u lt to im p le

c o n su m e r m a rk e t. F irst o ff, m o st o f th e se sy stem s se n d th e re fe re n c e b e a m a n d th e in fo rm a tio n b e a m in to th e re c o rd in

o n d iffe re n t a x e s. T h is re q u ire s h ig h ly c o m p le x o p tic a l sy ste m s to lin e th e m u p a t th e e x a c t p o in t a t w h ic h th e

in te rse c t. A n o th e r d ra w b a c k h a s to d o w ith in c o m p a tib ility w ith c u rre n t sto ra g e m e d ia : T ra d itio n a lly , h o lo g ra p h sy ste m s c o n ta in e d n o se rv o d a ta , b e c a u se th e b e a m c a rry in g it c o u ld in te rfe re w ith th e h o lo g ra p h y p ro c e ss. A lso h o lo g ra p h ic m e m o ry d isc s h a v e b e e n n o ta b ly th ic k e r th a n C D s a n d D V D s.

O p tw a re h a s im p le m e n te d so m e c h a n g e s in its H V D th a t c o u ld m a k e it a b e tte r fit fo r th e c o n su m e r m a rk e t. In th e H V th e la se r b e a m s tra v e l in th e sa m e a x is a n d strik e th e re c o rd in g m e d iu m a t th e sa m e a n g le , w h ic h O p tw a re c a lls th m e th o d . A c c o rd in g to O p tw a re , th is m e th o d re q u ire s a le ss c o m p le x sy ste m o f o p tic s, e n a b lin g a sm a lle r o p tic a l p ic m o re su ite d to c o n su m e r u se .
v------------------------m---------:----

an Iri---------rr----

Gollinear Holography Optics

_ Coiimear Holography Optical Pickup can be designed as small as the - DVD's Optical Pickup because the Objective and Reference beams " are co-ax>alfy aligned which is quie different from the 2-as - holography optics. ________- "" "f>p.TVVA' R F _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
H V D o p tic a l p ic k u p

Holographic Versatile Disc

H V D a lso in c lu d e s se rv o d a ta . T h e se rv o b e a m in th e H V D sy ste m is a t a w a v e le n g th th a t d o e s n o t p h o to se n sitiz e th

re c o rd in g m e d iu m . In th e H V D te st sy ste m , th e se rv o d a ta is c a rrie d in a re d (6 5 0 -n m w a v e le n g th ) la se r. T h e siz e a n d o f a n H V D is a lso c o m p a tib le w ith C D s a n d D V D s.

T h e stru c tu re o f th e d isc p la c e s a th ic k re c o rd in g la y e r b e tw e e n tw o su b stra te s a n d in c o rp o ra te s a d ic h ro ic m irro r th

th e b lu e -g re e n lig h t c a rry in g th e h o lo g ra p h y d a ta b u t a llo w s th e re d lig h t to p a ss th ro u g h in o rd e r to g a th e r se rv o in fo r

Holographic Versatile Disc

4.STATUS OF DEVELOPMENT 4.1 Holographic Versatile Disc structure

Disc Structure
G re e n o r

1. G re e n w ritin g /re a d in g la se r (5 3 2 n m ) 2. R e d p o sitio n in g /a d d re ssin g la se r (6 5 0 n m ) 3. H o lo g ra m (d a ta )

Holographic Versatile Disc

4. P o ly c a rb o n la y e r 5. P h o to p o ly m e ric la y e r (d a ta -c o n ta in in g la y e r) 6. D ista n c e la y e rs 7. D ic h ro ic la y e r (re fle c tin g g re e n lig h t) 8. A lu m in iu m re fle c tiv e la y e r (re fle c tin g re d lig h t) 9. T ra n sp a re n t b a se
D ia g o n istic la y e r A d ic h ro ic filte r is a v e ry -a c c u rfilte r u se d to se le c tiv e ly h taoss a sm a ll ra n g e o f c o lo rs flehcile o th e r c o lo ra te lig p f re w tin g

c o lo rs. B y c o m p a riso n , D ic h ro ic m irro rs a n d d ic h ro ic re fle c to rs te n d to b e c h a ra c te riz e d b y th e c o lo r(s) o f lig h t th a t th ra th e r th a n th e c o lo r(s) th e y pd ic h ro ic er th e e ty m o lo g y o f th e te rm .) a ss. (S fo e U se d in fro n t o f a lig h t so u rc e , a d ic h ro ic filte r p ro d p e rc e ligehdty th a tmis n s to b e hsa tuly te (in te n se ) in u c e s iv b h u a ig h ra d c o lo r. A lth o u g h c o stly , su c h filte rs a re rc o p u latu innldth e a tric a lp p lic a tio n s. a p h ite c r ra a U se d b e h in d a lig h t so u rc e , d ic h ro ic re fle c to rs c o m m o n ly re fle c t v isib le lig h t fo rw a rd in h ile adllohw in g th e in v isib le w fra re lig t

(ra d ia te h e a)t to p a ss o u t o f th e re a r o f th e fix tu re , re su ltin g in a b e a m o f lig h t th a t is "c o o le r" . M o d e rn q u a rtz h d in c a n d e sc e n t lig h t frelbus e n tly c o n ta in a n in te g ra te d d ic h ro ic re fle c to r (se e p ic tu re ). bu q A d ic h ro ic filte r is a v e ry -a c c u r filte rse d to se le c tiv e lylig a ss f a sm a ll ra n g e o f c o lo rse fleh ile orth e r c o lo ra te u p h to w c tin g

c o lo rs. B y c o m p a riso n , D ic h ro ic m irro rs a n d d ic h ro ic re fle c to rs te n d to b e c h a ra c te riz e d b y th e c o lo r(s) o f lig h t th a t th ra th e r th a n th e c o lo r(s) th e y pd ic h ro ic er th e e ty m o lo g y o f th e te rm .) a ss. (S fo e U se d in fro n t o f a lig h t so u rc e , a d ic h ro ic filte r p ro d p e rc e ligehdty th a tmis n s to b e hsa tuly te (in te n se ) in u c e s iv b h u a ig h ra d c o lo r. A lth o u g h c o stly , su c h filte rs a re rc o p u latu innldth e a tric a lp p lic a tio n s. a p h ite c r ra a D ic h ro ic filte rs o p e ra te u sin g th e pin tecrfele n. cfA lte rn a tin g la y e rs oopf ticna l c o a tinre b u ilt u p u p o n ss rin ip re o e a ag g la a

su b stra te , se le c tiv e ly re in fo rc in g c e rta in w a v e le n g th s o f lig h t a n d in te rfe rin g w ith o th e r w a v e le n g th s. T h e la y e rs a d e p o site d u sin g a p ro c e ss c a rrie dv aocu tu .m B a c o n tro llin g th e th ic k n e ss a n d n u m b e r o f freeq u ey e rs, th e u in y th la n c y (w a v e le n g th f th p a ssb a no f th e filte r c a n b e tu n e d a n d m a d e a s w id e o r n a rro w a s d e sire d . B e c a u se u n w a n te d w a v e le n g )o e d

a re re fle c te d ra th e r th a n a b so rb e d , d ic h ro ic filte rs d o n 't a b so rb m u c h e n e rg y d u rin g o p e ra tio n a n d so d o n 't b e c o m e n e a a s th e e q u iv a le n t c o n v e n tio n a l filte r (w h ic h a tte m p ts to a b so rb a ll e n e rg y e x c e p t fo r th a t in th e p a ssb a n d ). F ilte r A n o p tic a l filte r is a d e v ic e w h ic h trale sm itslyh t h a v in g c e rta in p ro p e rtie s (o fte n , a p a rtic u la r ra n g e o f se n c tivlig e w a v e le n g ,th s a t is, ra n g e oolo u rs flig h,t o r p o la riz a tio n s), w h ile b lo c k in g th e re m a in d e r. T h e y a re c o m m o n ly u se d in th c f o p h o to g ra p, hin m a noyp tic ain stru m e n ts, a n d to c o lo e rlig h tin g tic a l c o a tin g y l sta g u -O p A n o p tic a l c o a tin gthis ala y eorf m a te ria l p la c e d o n a n o p tic a l c o m p o n e nnt ssu mhirro r a h ic h a lte rs th e in le o r c a s w w a y in w h ic h th e rep ticc ts n dtra n sm its h t. O n e ty p e o f o p tic a l c o a tin tire fle c tio n c o,a tinhgic h re d u c e s o fle a lig a n g is a n w u n w a n te d re fle c tio n s fro m su rfa c e s, a n d is c o m m o n ta c uasedd hoonto g ra p h ic le. nA nso th e r ty p e is th e h ig h sp e c ly len p se

Holographic Versatile Disc

re fle c to r c o a tin g w h ic h c a n b e u se d to p ro d u c e m irro rs w h ic h re fle c t g re a te r th a n 9 9 % o f th e lig h t w h ic h fa lls o n th c o m p le x o p tic a l c o a tin g s e x h ib it h ig h -re fle c tio n o v e r a v mle n g ,thasned oaf n ti-re fle c tio n o v e r a n o th e r ra n g e , w so e e ra n g a llo w in g th e p ro d u c tio nh o f ic in -filmp tic a l filte rs d ic ro th o . P a ssb a n d In te le c o m m u n ic a ,tiop tic,s a n da c o u stic sp a ssb a n d is th e p o rtio n o f sp e c tru m , b e tw e eqnu e n c ie s th a t is o ns , lim itin g fre tra n sm itte d w ith m in im u m lo ssotiv e a x im u m re la tiv e y a filte rin g d e v ic e . re la r m g a inb O v e rv ie w R a d iore c e iv e rs g e n e ra lly in c lu d e ab atu d a ba ss filteith a p a ssb a n d th a t is w id e e n o u g h to a c c o m m o d a te th e n n -p le wr b a n d w id th o f a sin g le sta tio n .

4.2The HVD System: Writing Data

A sim p lifie d H V D sy ste m c o n sists o f th e fo llo w in g m a in c o m p o n e n ts:

B lu e o r g re e n la se r (5 3 2 -n m w a v e le n g th in th e te st sy ste m ) B e a m sp litte r/m e rg e r M irro rs S p a tia l lig h t m o d u la to r (S L M ) C M O S se n so r P h o to p o ly m e r re c o rd in g m e d iu m

T h e p ro c e ss o f w ritin g in fo rm a tio n o n to a n H V D b e g in s w ith e n c o d in g th e in fo rm a tio n in to b in a ry d a ta to b e sto

S L M . T h e se d a ta a re tu rn e d in to o n e s a n d z e ro e s re p re se n te d a s o p a q u e o r tra n slu c e n t a re a s o n a "p a g e " th is p im a g e th a t th e in fo rm a tio n b e a m is g o in g to p ass th ro u g h .

Holographic Versatile Disc

Data Image

- 4>

3.0 mm

r4------------------------------------------------N

O n c e th e p a g e o f d a ta is c re a te d , th e n e x t ste p is to fire a la se r b e a m in to a b e a m sp litte r to p ro d u c e tw o id

b e a m s. O n e o f th e b e a m s is d ire c te d a w a y fro m th e S L M th is b e a m b e c o m e s th e re fe re n c e b e a m . T h e o th e r b e a m i

to w a rd th e S L M a n d b e c o m e s th e in fo rm a tio n b e a m . W h e n th e in fo rm a tio n b e a m p a sse s th ro u g h th e S L M , p o rtio n s o

a re b lo c k e d b y th e o p a q u e a re a s o f th e p a g e , an d p o rtio n s p a ss th ro u g h th e tra n slu c e n t a re a s. In th is w a y , th e in fo rm a c a rrie s th e im a g e o n c e it p a sse s th ro u g h th e S L M

W h e n th e re fe re n c e b e a m a n d th e in fo rm a tio n b e a m re jo in o n th e sa m e a x is, th e y c re a te a p a tte rn o f lig h t in te rfe re n h o lo g ra p h y d a ta . T h is jo in t b e a m c a rrie s th e in te rfe re n c e p a tte rn to th e p h o to p o ly m e r d isc a n d sto re s it th e re a s a h o lo

Page data (left) stored as a hologram (right)

* I ___7
I " " * __

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T/~i S~iT~>

TS-

Holographic Versatile Disc

A m e m o ry sy ste m isn 't v e ry u se fu l if y o u c a n 't a c c e ss th e d a ta y o u 'v e sto re d . In th e n e x t se c tio n , w e 'll fin d o u t h o w d a ta -re trie v a l sy ste m w o rk s.

4.3The HVD System: Reading Data

T o re a d th e d a ta fro m a n H V D , y o u n e e d to re trie v e th e lig h t p a tte rn sto re d in th e h o lo g ra m .

In th e H V D re a d sy ste m , th e la se r p ro je c ts a lig h t b e a m o n to th e h o lo g ra m a lig h t b e a m th a t is id e n tic a l to th e b e a m (R e a d S y ste m 1 in th e im a g e a b o v e ). T h e h o lo g ra m d iffra c ts th is b e a m a c c o rd in g to th e sp e c ific p a tte r in te rfe re n c e it's sto rin g . T h e re su ltin g lig h t re c re a te s th e im a g e o f th e p a g e d a ta th a t e sta b lish e d th e lig h t-in te rfe re n c e th e first p la c e . W h e n th is b e a m o f lig h t th e re c o n stru c tio n

Holographic Versatile Disc

f\

. - . + V ^(T

in

is"/-'

T7

i s - I ______i._______

Holographic Versatile Disc

b e a m - b o u n c e s b a c k o ff th e d isc (R e a d S y ste m 2 ), it tra v e ls to th e C M O S se n so r. T h e C M O S se n so r th e n re p ro d u c e s d a ta .

P a g e d a ta sto re d in a n H V D (le ft) a n d re c re a te d b y C M O S se n so r (rig h t) N o w le t's ta k e a lo o k a t h o w H V D c o m p a re s to o th e r n e x t-g e n e ra tio n sto 5.How eHVD Compares ra g e m d ia .

W h ile H V D is a tte m p tin g to re v o lu tio n iz e d a ta sto ra g e , o th e r d isc s a re try in g to im p ro v e u p o n c u rre n t sy ste m s. T w o s

d isc s a re B lu -ra y a n d H D -D V D , d e e m e d th e n e x t-g e n e ra tio n o f d ig ita l sto ra g e . B o th b u ild u p o n c u rre n t D V D te c h n o lo

in c re a se sto ra g e c a p a c ity . A ll th re e o f th e se te c h n o lo g ie s a re a im in g fo r th e h ig h -d e fin itio n v id e o m a rk e t, w h e re sp e e d c a p a c ity c o u n t. S o h o w d o e s H V D sta c k u p ? B lu -ra y A p p ro x . $ 1 8 In itia l c o st fo r re c o rd a b le d isc In itia l c o st fo r $ 2 ,0 0 0 In itia l sto ra g e c a p a c ity R e a d /w rite sp e e d H D -D V D A p p ro x . $ 1 0 HVD A p p ro x . $ 1 2 0 A p p ro x . $ 3 ,0 0 0 300 G B 1 G bps

A p p ro x . A p p ro x . re c o rd e r/p1la y e r $ 2 ,0 0 0 54 G B 3 6 .5 M b p s 30 G B 3 6 .5 M b p s Conclusion

H o lo g ra p h ic V e rsa tile D isc (H V D ) is a n a d v a n c e d o p tic a l d isc te c h n o lo g y still in th e re se a rc h sta g e w w o u ld g re a tly in c re a se sto ra glu -ra y r dH D -D V D p tic a l d isc sy ste m s. It e m p lo y s a te c h n iq u e k n o w n a s c o llin e a r B e oven a o

h o lo g ra p,hw h e re b y tw o rs o n e re d a n d o n e b lu e -g re e n , a re c o llim a te d in a sin g le b e a m . T h e b lu e -g re e n la se r re a d s d a ta y la se , e n c o d e d a s la se r in te rfe re n c e frin g e slofro m hla y e r n e a r th e to p o f th e d isc w h ile th e re d la se r se rv o d to re a d h o g ra p aic is u se in fo rm a tio n fro m a re g u la r C lu m in le m y e r n e a r th e b o S e rv oin fo rm a tio n is u se d to m o n ito r th e p o sitio n o f a D -sty iu la tto m . th e re a d h e a d o v e r th e d isc , sim ila r to th e h e a d , tra c k , a n d se c to r in fo rm a tio n doiska dcriv en e a tioD ao r h a rd n .oO v n C n l n D V Dth is se rv o in fo rm a tio n is in te rsp e rse d a m o n gdst thro ic am irroy e r b e tw e e n th e h o lo g ra p h ic d a ta a n d th e ic h e d ta . la r A

se rv o d a ta re fle c ts th e b lu e -g re e n la se r w h ile le ttin g th e re d la se r p a ss th ro u g h . T h is p re v e n ts in te rfe re n c e fro m re fra th e b lu e -g re e n la se r o ff th e se rv o d a ta p its a n d is a n a d v a n c e o v e r p a st h o lo g ra p h ic sto ra g e m e d ia , w h ic h e ith e r e x p

to o m u c h in te rfe re n c e , o r la c k e d th e se rv o d a ta e n tire ly , m a k in g th e m in c o m p a tib le w ith c u rre n t C D a n d D V te c h n o lo g y .T h e se d isk s h a v e th e c a p a c ity to h ora b y te(T B 3 .9 f in fo rm a tio n , w h ic h is a p p ro x im a te ly e ig h ty te ld u p sto ) o tim e s th e c a p a c itylu -ra y D.isch e H V D a lso h a s a tra n sfe r ra te o f 1 G b it/s. B of T FUTURE SCOPE

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D e ll m o n ito rin g a d v a n c e m e n ts in o p tic a l te c h n o lo g y a n d e x p e c ts th e c o st a n d

p e rfo rm a n c e o f C D -R W d riv e s b e c o m e m o re c o m p e titiv e w ith th e m a g n e tic fo rm a ts. D e ll p la n to o ffe r C D -R W /D V

C o m b o D riv e s w h e n re a so n a b ly p ric e d . R e liab le d e v ic e s b e c o m e a v a ila b le . T h e se d e v ic e s sh o u ld e v e n tu a lly re p la c e

C D -R W d riv e a n d o ffe r c o n v e n ie n c e , la rg e sto ra g e c a p a c ity th a t a re b a c k w a rd c o m p a tib le w ith p re v io u s C D fo rm

D V D R O M re a d a b ility . D e ll e x p e c ts D V D -R A M sy ste m s to b e a d o p te d b y h ig h e n d u se rs in itia lly . R a m b o sy ste m a v a ila b le a re e x p e c te d to p ro v id e a n o th e r sy ste m in a e v o lu tio n to a u n iv e rsa l R M S D p ro v id in g a la rg e r c a p a c c a p a b le o f re a d in g a n d w ritin g to th e m o st p o p u la r C D , D V D fo rm a t. H V D is still in th e la te sta g e s o f d e v e lo p m e n t, n o th in g is w ritte n in sto n e ; b u t y o u 'v e p ro b a b ly n o tic e d th p ro je c te d in tro d u c to ry p ric e fo r a n H V D is a b it ste e p . A n in itia l p ric e o f a b o u t $ 1 2 0 p e r d isc w ill p ro b a b ly b e a b ig

to c o n su m e rs. H o w e v e r, th is p ric e m ig h t n o t b e so in su rm o u n ta b le to b u sin e sse s, w h ic h a re H V D d e v e lo p e rs' in iti a u d ie n c e . O p tw a re a n d its c o m p e tito rs w ill m a rk e t H V D 's sto ra g e c a p a c ity a n d tra n sfe r sp e e d a s id e a l fo r a p p lic a tio n s, w ith c o m m e rc ia l sy ste m s a v a ila b le a s so o n a s la te 2 0 0 6 . C o n su m e r d e v ic e s c o u ld h it th e m a rk e t a ro u n d 8, Bibliography

"A llia n c e to u ts h o lo g ra p h ic d isc 're v o lu tio n '." T h e R e g iste r. h ttp ://w w w .th e re g iste r.c o .u k /2 0 0 5 /0 2 /0 7 /h vudn_daellia n c e fo d/ "H o lo g ra p h ic S to ra g e S ta n d a rd s E y e d ." V id e o /Im a g in g D e sig n L in e . h ttp ://w w w .v id e sig n lin e .c o m /p ro d u c ts/6 0 4 0 5 3 6 8 O p tw a re C o rp o ra tio n h ttp ://w w w .o p tw a re .c o .jp /e n g lish / T o m 's H a rd w a re G u id e : H V D h ttp ://w w w .to m sh a rd w a re .c o m /b u sin e ss/2 0 0 5 0 6 1 6 /d v d _ " W hd a rd s-0 7 .h tmpl h ic sto ra g e ? " stan a t is h o lo g ra In P h a se T e c h n o lohgttps. w w .in p h a se -te c h n o lo g ie s.c o m /te c h n o lo gw /in.weik .h tm ia .c o m ie ://w w y w d x ip e d l

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csmrrr

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CONTENTS
1. 2. IN T R O D U C T IO N R E M O V A B L E M E D IA S T O R A G E D E V IC E S 2 .1 F lo p p y D isk 2 .2 O p tic a l F o rm a ts 2 .3 C D -R O M 2 .4 D V D -R O M 2 .5 D V D -R 2 .6 D V D -R A M 2 .7 D V D -R W 2 .8 + R W 2 .9 M a g n e to -O p tic a l F o rm a ts H O L O G R A P H IC V E R S A T IL E D IS C 3 .1 H o w H o lo g ra p h ic D isc W o rk s 3 .2 B a sic s O f H o lo g ra p h ic M e m o ry 3 .3 H o lo g ra p h ic D a ta S to ra g e B a sic s 3 .4 H o lo g ra p h ic V e rsa tile D isc STA TU S O F D EV ELO PM EN T 4 .1 H o lo g ra p h ic D isc S tru c tu re 4 .2 T h e H V D S y ste m W ritin g D a ta 4 .3 T h e H V D S y ste m R e a d in g D a ta H O W H V D CO M PA R ES C O N C L U S IO N FU TU R E SCO PE B IB L IO G R A P H Y P age 01 02 02 02 03 03 04 05 05 06 06 07 07 08 10 12 14 14 17 20 22 23 24 25

3.

4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

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