8 CHS Joints 2011

Hollow sections in structural applications Course
Tubular Structures
Circular Hollow Section Joints
em. Prof.dr.ir. J. Wardenier Delft University of Technology National University of Singapore
Wardenier
Tubular Structure Course - 2011
Now many Applications
Wardenier
Wardenier part 8 CHS Joints
page
Basic Types of welded Joints
Wardenier
Symbols used (e.g. for K Joints)

d b h t e g 0 1 2
Wardenier Tubular Structure Course - 2011
page
Joint parameters
=
=
d1 d0
d1 + d 2 2d 0
for T and X for K-joint
2 =
d0 t0
n= 0 f y0
n' = N op A0 f y 0
g' =
g t0
Wardenier
Failure modes (basic)
Chord plastification
Chord punching shear

page
Further possible failure modes (additional)
Chord shear failure
Brace effective width
Local Buckling in chord or brace

Analytical models
Ring model Punching shear model Shear failure of the chord
Wardenier
page
Ring model (elastic stress distribution)

N1 1,Ed joint joint
N1
Wardenier
Ring model (assume line loads)

N1
c1d1
N1 sin 1 2
N1 sin 1 2B e
N1 sin 1 2
Be 2,5 to 3d0
N1 sin 1 2
N1
page
Ring model (plastic hinges)
mp =
1 2 t 0 fy0 4
Wardenier
Ring model
2 mp B e = N1 sin 1 d0 c 1 d1 2 2 2
2 2 B e / d0 t 0 f y 0 N1 = (1 c 1 ) sin 1
2 t 0 fy0 c0 N1 = Qf (1 c 1 ) sin 1
Qf = f(n)
C0
Wardenier
page
Ring model
some effects have been neglected, e.g.: - influence axial and shear force on mp and - chord stress effect
Wardenier
Effect chord loading (be careful different def. in codes)

N2 N1
N1u sin 1 / (fy0 t0 Qu)
2
1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 2 = 63,5 0,4 0,2 2 = 25,4 2 = 63,5 2 = 50,8 2 = 25,4
A 2 N0 1 N0p
A
2
0,0 -1,0
-0,8
-0,6
-0,4
-0,2
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
N0 / Npl,0
N0 =
N cos + N
i i i =1
0p
Function f(n) = Qf based on n (IIW 2009) (In Eurocode based on n)
Ngap,0 = N1 cos 1 + N0p
Wardenier
page
Punching shear model
Assumption: at failure about uniform punching shear yield stress distribution (check by experiments) validity !
N1sin 1 = d1t0. f(ellips )vp

with vp = 0,58fy0
Punching shear model

f(ellips )
N1 = 0,58 d1 t 0 f y 0
Wardenier
1 + sin 1 2 sin 2 1
page
Chord shear model
Ngap,0
Based on yield criterion of Huber-Hencky-Von Mises

Chord shear model

Ngap,0
The shear load capacity is given by:

Vpl,0 = A v fy0 3 = 2 A 0 (0,58 f y 0 )
The axial load capacity is given by:

Npl,0 = A0 fy0 = (d0 - t0) t0 fy0
page
Chord shear model

Ngap,0
The shear load capacity is given by:

Vpl,0 = A v fy0 3 = 2 A 0 (0,58 f y 0 )
Ni sin i Vpl,0
Ngap,0 + Npl,0
1,0
or
Ngap,0 A 0 f y 0 Ni sin i 1 0,58 f y 0 A v
2
The axial load capacity is given by:

Npl,0 = A0 fy0 = (d0 - t0) t0 fy0
Experiments
Wardenier
page
Finite element simulation

EX-03 - Collar, Compression Experiment = 0.54 Numerical 2 = 50.6
500
Calibration with experiments (Choo/Van de Vegte)
400
Load [kN]
300
200
100
0 0 20 40 60 80 100
Ovalisation [mm]
Wardenier
Verification with experiments

8
For example:
1+ 1 0,7
f(N1u) X joints
X-joints analysis for IIW (2009)
0 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0
Wardenier
page
Evaluation to design rules

Analytical models Experiments Strength formulae
Scatter in test results scatter in mechanical properties tolerances in dimensions tolerances in fabrication failure mode
Design strength N1,Rd =Nk / m
Strength formulae for CHS joints

(IIW 2009 = Draft ISO = CIDECT)
N 1,Rd = f ( ) f ( ) f ( g ' )
2 fy0 t 0
sin 1
Qf
or
N i, Rd = Q u Q f
or
2 f y0 t 0
sin i
Wardenier
page
Limit states criteria IIW (2009)

Criterion to be checked Design strength: chord plastification Design strength: chord punching shear (only for di d0 2t0) Axially loaded joints with CHS Braces and Chord
Ni,Rd = Qu Q f
2 fy0 t 0
sin i
N1,Rd = 0,58 fy0 d1 t0
1 + sin 1 2 sin2 1
Wardenier
Function Qu X joints 1)
d0 N1 t0 1 t1 d1
1 + 0.15 Q u = 2.6 1 - 0.7
N1
T and Y joints
t1 d0 N1 t0 1 d1
Q u = 2.6 1 + 6 .8 2 0.2
K gap joints
t1 d0 d1 1 N0 N1 g N2 2 +e t2 d2
Q u = 1 . 65 (1 + 8 1.6 ) 0.3 [1 +
1 1.2 + ( g 0.8 ) t0
Notes: 1) When cos1 > , check shear
Wardenier
page
Qf equations X, T and K gap joints (IIW 2009)

Function Qf
Q f = (1 | n |)
C1
n=
N0 M + 0 Npl,0 Mpl,0
Compression T, Y, X joints K gap joints

C1 = 0,45 0,25 C1 = 0,25
tension
C1 = 0,20
Wardenier
Range of validity based on:
- test evidence - validity of formulae - limitation of failure criteria (e.g. avoid local buckling) - deformation - deformation capacity
Wardenier
page
Relation Qu between joint capacities

Comparison Qu for T, X and K gap joints for 2 =25 (IIW, 2008) 9
40
30
Qu
20
K gap joint g'=2 K gap joint g'=infinite T joint X joint
10
g'=g/t0
0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Wardenier
Overlap joints IIW (2009)

dj di
Brace effective width (1)

ti
tj Nj
(1) 4.8
Chord M-N yield (2) Brace shear (3)
Ni j i
4.11
(3) 4.11
t0 d0
Nop
N0 o
4.10 4.10 (2) (2) brace overlapping brace i i==overlapping member; brace jj = overlapped member overlapped member brace i = overlapping member; brace j = overlapped member
Wardenier
page
Relation CHS vs RHS overlap Joints IIW (2009)
- criteria for RHS overlap joints multiplied by /4 (ratio between the cross sectional areas for d=b) - all b and h dimensions in formulae replaced by d.
Wardenier
Simplification
f y0 t 0 Q f Ni,Rd eff. = = Ce A i f yi f yi t i sin i
Ce in graph
page
Design graphs for X joints

X joint efficiency
1,0 0,9 0,8
N1,Rd A1 fy1
= CX
fy 0 t 0
Qf fy1 t1 sin 1
2=10 2=15 2=20 2=30 2=40
effciency C X
0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,0 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1
Wardenier
Design graph for T joints

T joint efficiency
1,0 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,0 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 2=30 2=40 2=50
N1,Rd A1 fy1
= CT
fy 0 t 0
Qf fy1 t1 sin 1
2=10 2=15 2=20
effciency C T
Wardenier
page
Design graphs for K gap joints

Compare the strength for various d0/t0 ratios and various gaps
K gap joint efficiency g'=2
1,0 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,0 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 2=30 2=40 2=50
K gap joint efficiency g'=10

2=10 2=15 2=20
1,0 0,9 0,8
Ni,Rd
* f N1 fy0 t 0 Qf t d + d Q = CK = C y0 0 1 f 2 A i fyi A1 fy1fyi t i Ksin 1 t1 sini 1 fy i 2d
Ni,Rd
* f N1 fy0 t 0 Q f t d + d Q = CK = C y 0 0 1 f 2 A i fyi A1 fy1fyi ti Ksin 1 ti1 sini 1 fy 2d
2=10 2=15 2=20 2=30 2=40 2=50
effciency C K
effciency C K
0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,0 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1
Wardenier
Joints related to basic types (IIW 2009)

X X
K
N2 N2
N1 N1
Wardenier
page
Joints related to basic types IIW (2009)

N1 b1 t1 t0 d0
h1
N1
t0 d0
N1
2 N1 = f () f ( ) f () f y0 t 0 Q f
N1
N1
N1 h1 b1
h1
t1 t0 d0
t0 d0
N1
N1
Wardenier
Multi-planar Joints
Storm Surge Barrier near Hook of Holland, The Netherlands

page
Multiplanar joints
Geometrical effect Loading effect Effect depends on: - type of joint (T, X, K, CHS, RHS) - type of loading (axial, b.i.p., b.o.p.)
Effect for strength, stiffness and deformation capacity

Example: XX joint of CHS

multiplanar effects
N / (fyo * to ) 1
2
N2 = N 1 N2 = 0.6 N 1 N2 = 0.0 Uniplanar joint N2 = -0.6 N1 2 = 50.8 = 16.0 = 0.60
1 / d0
Wardenier
page
Moment joints
Bending in plane Bending out of plane In principle the same philosophy
In frames and Vierendeel girders (see beam to column joints)
Wardenier
Interaction between N, Mip and Mop
Ni,Ed Ni,Rd
Mip,i,Ed M + op,i,Ed 1,0 + Mip,i,Rd Mop,i,Rd
Wardenier
page
Special items
Concrete filling of the chord complete or only between tubulars e.g. between pile and leg in a jacket
Punching shear check

Joints with a Can

Can length for X joints L > 2d0
f(N) f(N)
lcan/d0
page
Semi-flattened end joints

T and X-joint: replace d1 by d1,min.
K-joint with gap: replace di by 0,5(di +di,min.)
Wardenier
Slotted Gusset Plate Joints
Exposed roof structure of Toronto Convention Centre
Wardenier
page
Slotted plate joints

a) crack An
Lw 1,3d
CHS
slot Gusset Plate Lw b) An=Ag crack
Lw
CHS
Wardenier
Tee end to CHS Joints

N1
tw
tp
2.5
N1,Rd = 2fy1 t1 (tw + 5tp) A1 fy1 N1,Rd = 2fyw tw (t1 + 2.5tp + s) 2fyw tw (t1 + 5tp)
5tp+ tw
t1 s
d1
Wardenier
page
The end of the lectures on CHS joints
Wardenier
Wardenier
page

8 CHS Joints 2011

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

8 CHS Joints 2011

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Hollow sections in structural applications Course

Tubular Structure Course - 2011

Now many Applications

Tubular Structure Course - 2011

Wardenier part 8 CHS Joints

Hollow sections in structural applications Course

Basic Types of welded Joints

Tubular Structure Course - 2011

Symbols used (e.g. for K Joints)

Wardenier part 8 CHS Joints

Hollow sections in structural applications Course

for T and X for K-joint

Tubular Structure Course - 2011

Failure modes (basic)

Chord punching shear

Wardenier part 8 CHS Joints

Hollow sections in structural applications Course

Further possible failure modes (additional)

Chord shear failure

Brace effective width

Local Buckling in chord or brace

Ring model Punching shear model Shear failure of the chord

Tubular Structure Course - 2011

Wardenier part 8 CHS Joints

Hollow sections in structural applications Course

Ring model (elastic stress distribution)

Tubular Structure Course - 2011

Ring model (assume line loads)

Wardenier part 8 CHS Joints

Hollow sections in structural applications Course

Ring model (plastic hinges)

Tubular Structure Course - 2011

Tubular Structure Course - 2011

Wardenier part 8 CHS Joints

Hollow sections in structural applications Course

Tubular Structure Course - 2011

Effect chord loading (be careful different def. in codes)

Function f(n) = Qf based on n (IIW 2009) (In Eurocode based on n)

Ngap,0 = N1 cos 1 + N0p

Tubular Structure Course - 2011

Wardenier part 8 CHS Joints

Hollow sections in structural applications Course

Punching shear model

N1sin 1 = d1t0. f(ellips )vp

Punching shear model

Tubular Structure Course - 2011

Wardenier part 8 CHS Joints

Hollow sections in structural applications Course

Chord shear model

Based on yield criterion of Huber-Hencky-Von Mises

Chord shear model

The shear load capacity is given by:

The axial load capacity is given by:

Wardenier part 8 CHS Joints

Hollow sections in structural applications Course

Chord shear model

The shear load capacity is given by:

The axial load capacity is given by:

Tubular Structure Course - 2011

Wardenier part 8 CHS Joints

Hollow sections in structural applications Course

Finite element simulation

Calibration with experiments (Choo/Van de Vegte)

Tubular Structure Course - 2011