DISCUSSION: The choice between a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter and an Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter

depends on the importance to the design problem of the advantages of each type. IIR filters, for example, have the advantage that a variety of frequency-selective filters can be designed using closed form design formulas. That is, once the problem has been specified in terms appropriate for a given approximation method (e.g., Butterworth, Chebyshev, or elliptic), then the order of the filter that will meet the specifications can be computed and the coefficients (or poles and zeros) of the digital filter can be obtained by straightforward substitution into a set of design equations. This kind of simplicity of the design procedure makes it feasible to design IIR filters by manual computation if necessary and it leads to straightforward non-iterative computer programs for IIR filter design. There are many filter types, but the most common are lowpass, highpass, bandpass, and bandstop. A lowpass filter allows only low frequency signals (below some specified cutoff) through to its output, so it can be used to eliminate high frequencies. A highpass filter does just the opposite, by rejecting only frequency components below some threshold. Bandpass filter is designed to ensure that only output signals within its narrow range of the frequency spectrum are transmitted. Meanwhile, bandstop filters; which pass both low and high frequencies, to block a predefined range of frequencies in the middle. As we are assigned to remove the middle frequencies from a given mixed signals, we need to filter it by designing the bandstop filter. Before we find the right and suitable filter design, there are a lot of graphs have been plotted and analyzed so we can compare which type can offer the best filtering. Firstly, we have designed Butterworth type of 5th and 10th order. Notice that, 10th order Butterworth has sharper transition of the magnitude graph. However, the phase response of the 5th order has better linearity. In many applications, it is necessary to ensure that there is no phase distortion of the frequency components of the input signal. In an ideal case, it requires a zero-phase characteristic for the digital filter. However, it is impossible to design a causal IIR filter with zero phases. A linear-phase characteristic represents a pure delay, so a linear-phase IIR filter is desirable in many applications. By analyzing of the group delay graph, the 5th order of Butterworth has flatter group delay response compared to the 10th order. The group delay is defined as the derivative of the phase with respect to angular frequency and is a measure of the distortion in the signal introduced by phase differences for different frequencies. So, the good one should have more flat and approaching zero at most of the time. After that, we have designed the Chebyshev type of 5th order and 10th order. We did similar analysis as 5th order and 10th order Butterworth filter. As the results, the comparisons of magnitude response, phase response and group delay characteristics are quite similar to the

Butterworth type that we have done earlier. From both analysis of Chebyshev and Butterworth type filter that we done; we ended up choosing between 5th order of Butterworth and 5th order of Chebyshev. We can concluded that the main reason of using 5th order over 10th are; as the order is increase the group delay also will increase. Meanwhile, the linearity of phase response is decreasing as the order is adding. Besides that, it became more complex as we need to add more adder and multiplier. Although the 5th order type offers a lot of advantage, there is still a lack of this type which is the 5th order cannot provide the sharper transition as the 10th order. When it come to make the comparison between 5th order of Butterworth and 5th order of Chebyshev, a lot of factors need to be consider of. The 5th order Chebyshev has sharper transition at magnitude response. Although it will introduce some ripples, it will not be significant since the design is set at 0.1dB. However, the linearity of Butterworth is better, yet not significantly better than Chebyshev. The group delay graph for both type are almost same; they are flat and consistent. By analyzing the pole/zero plots, it showed that both filters are stable where all the poles are inside the unity circle. As the results, we have decided to design the 5th order of Chebyshev I filter. By using this filter that has been designed, we are able to remove the middle frequencies from a given mixed signals.

References Oppenheim, A.V., R.W. Schafer, Discrete Time Signal Processing, 2nd ed., Pearson Education, 2005