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Image quality
Head
Foot
Model
Model
Model
Model
20 cm
4 cm
Image quality
Image quality
CT Number Calibration
Polyethylene -97 HU Water 0 HU Acrylic +120 HU Bone +910 HU Air -1000 HU
Image quality
Image quality
A: Record the mean counts in the ROI inside the 25mm rod B: Record the mean counts in the ROI outside the 25 mm rod SD: the Standard Deviation from the ROI outside the 25 mm rod
CNR = |A-B|/SD 1
Image quality
Noise
The noise can be assessed by scan the phantom and calculate the standard deviation CT of the HUs in a region-of-interest (ROI) Noise is expressed relative to the linear attenuation coefficient of water
CS
m w
CTm CTw
Noise
SDROI CS 100%
Mean = 0 3
SD = 3.4 0.4
Image quality
Image uniformity
The uniformity can be assessed by measuring the average HU in smaller ROIs about 5 mm in radius that are located in the center and periphery of the phantom ( 3 , 6 , 9, 12 oclock positions ). The largest difference between any peripheral HU and the central HU is determined.
Image quality
Image quality
Model 4
This phantom is used to assess high contrast (spatial) resolution. It contains eight bar resolution patterns: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 12 lp/cm .
Image quality
12
10
6
7
Image quality
artifacts
Image quality
CT - Dose
2 standard CT dosimetry phantoms were adopted by the Food and Drug Administration and still are used today . contain several 1-cm-diameter holes for insertion of dosimeters.
CTDI Phantoms 32cm diam. X 15cm 16cm diam. x 15cm
CT Dose
edge
Middle edge
Procedure simply is :
Phantom is place in the center of imaging plane and aligned with central axis of the scanner by lasers and single scan is acquired .
CTDI100
beam width = n T
CT Dose
Tolerance
Performance Parameter Test objective Tolerance limits Reference Source
CT Dose
Weighted CDTIW
The CTDI varies across the field of view (FOV). For example, for body CT imaging, the CTDI is typically a factor or two higher at the surface than at the center of the FOV. The average CTDI across the FOV is estimated by the Weighted CTDI (CTDIw)
CT Dose
CT Dose
pitch is defined as the ratio of the table travel per rotation (I) to the total beam width (N x T)
CTDIvol is a useful to compare CT protocols between scanners
it does not indicate the total energy deposited into the scan volume because it is independent of the length of the scan. That is, its value remains unchanged whether the scan coverage is 10 or 100 cm. It estimates the dose for a 100-mm scan length only, even though the actual volume-averaged dose will increase with scan length
CT Dose
The DLP reflects the total energy absorbed attributable to the complete scan acquisition , and thus the potential biological effect .
CT Dose
Limitation
For body scan lengths of 250 mm or more, the accumulated dose closely approaches the limiting equilibrium dose. However, CTDI100 underestimates the equilibrium dose CTDI (or MSAD for pitch of unity) by a factor of ~ 0.6 on the central axis and by ~ 0.8 on the periphery .therefore the DLP by factor of ~ 0.7 . In order to measure the equilibrium dose, a body phantom length of ~ 400 mm is required.
CT Dose
Mechanical performance
Positioning lasers
We can perform this test in two ways
By using phantom and BBs on up , down , left and right
Mechanical
Using film
Mechanical
Using phantom
By making pin holes mark along illuminate Line . The deviation should be within 2 mm
Mechanical
Tolerance
On the displayed CT image, the four (1mm) holes should be visible.
On Film, we measure the deviation of pin-hole center from scan plane center. The deviation should be within 2 mm
Reference Source:
AAPM Report No. 39 and GE Operator Manual
Mechanical
Couch deflection
Mechanical
Couch deflection
Mechanical
Couch deflection
Mechanical
Couch height
Mechanical
Couch height
Mechanical
Mechanical
Mechanical