VIITOR

FUTURE IN THE PAST

FUTURE

VIITOR ANTERIOR

FUTURE IN THE PAST PERFECT

FUTURE PERFECT

THE ROMANIAN TENSES

1

THE ENGLISH TENSES

PRESENT PERFECT

PAST PERFECT

IMPERFECT

MAI MULT CA PERFECT

PREZENT
PAST PRESENT
PERFECT COMPUS PERFECT SIMPLU

PAST

FUTURE

TIME

the moment of speech A R

p1 p2

B R
p3

B
p4

C
R p5 pn ps1 R

Present time ps n

D
f1

R f2 fn

Legend: p ps f R
the moment of speech a past moment a present moment a future moment a moment to be reported

A B

two past actions/moments If p2 = R, then p1 is before R, that is it is perfect (the Past Perfect);

at least three past actions/moments: If p3 = R, then both p4 and p5 are considered in the future (but they are past moments); Now, considering B: both p4 and p5 are considered future in the past and p5 = R, then p4 is a future in the past action considered before p5, another future in the past action, that is it is perfect (the Future in the Past Perfect) C D if the moment of speech = R, ps1 is before it, that is it is perfect (the Present Perfect) as long as both f1 and f2 are considered in the future regarding the present time, and if f2 = R,
2

then f1 is before f2, that is it is perfect (the Future Perfect)

T I M E
T H E I N D E F I N I T E T E N S E S TENSES REPORTED TO THE PAST TIME TENSES REPORTED TO THE PRESENT TIME P AS T P RE S E NT F UT URE C B FUTURE IN THE PAST D A Past Perfect Future in the Past Future in the Past Present Perfect Future Perfect Past Tense Present Tense Future Tense Tense Perfect Tense Tense Tense Tense
an action that a past action took place in a considered before past time, having another past action no connection to or moment the present a future in the past action considered before another future in the past action a past action considered in the future regarding a past moment or action 1. a present action considered before the moment of speech; 2. a past action whose results are considered in the present an action that takes place in the present time a future action considered before another future action an action that takes place in the future, regarding the present time

S + have + V.3
(past tense)

S + V.2 I asked he asked 2 S + be + Ving (past tense)

I was asking he was asking

S + have + V.3
(future in the past tense)

S+

should
would

+ V.1

S + have + V.3
(present tense)

S + V.1
-(e)s, 3rd ps., sg.

S + have + V.3
(future tense) I shall have asked he will have asked

S+

shall
will

+ V.1

I had asked he had asked 1 S + be + Ving (past perfect)

I had been asking he had been asking

I should have asked he would have asked 3

I should ask he would ask

I have asked he has asked 5

T E N S E S

I ask he asks 6 S + be + Ving (present tense)

I am asking he is asking

I shall ask he will ask 8 S + be + Ving (future tense)

I shall be asking he will be asking

7 S + be + Ving (future perfect)

I shall have been asking

T H E

C O N T I N U O U S

S + be + Ving (f. in the past perfect)

I should have been asking

S + be + Ving (future in the past)

I should be asking he would be asking

S + be + Ving (present perfect)

I have been asking he has been asking T E N S E S S + be + V.3

9
S + be + V.3

10
S + be + V.3

11
S + be + V.3

T H E P A S S I V E S + be + V.3

12

13

14
S + be + V.3

15
S + be + V.3

16
S + be + V.3

(past perfect)
I had been asked

(past tense) I was asked he was asked 18

(f. in the past perfect) I should have been asked 19

(future in the past) I should be asked he would be asked 20

(present perfect) I have been asked he has been asked 21

(present tense) I am asked he is asked 22

(future perfect)
I shall have been

(future tense) I shall be asked he will be asked 24

he had been asked 17

( tense)

asked 23

- the same form is for the Conditional Present - the same form is for the Conditional Past - the sequence of tenses in if clause and in the subordinate clause of time - the tense in which the auxiliary written in red, above, is conjugated

V.1 - the short infinitive of the verb V.2 - the 2nd form, the form of the past V.3 - the 3rd form, the Past Participle Ving - the -ing form, the Present Participle

E N G L I S H 1 Father had left for the railway station when I arrived at home. 2 The train came three minutes later yesterday. 3 He said he would have finished his homework by six yesterday afternoon. 4 Five days ago he told me he would call on you the next day. 5 1. I have met him twice today. 2. She has bought a new dress. 6 It is 4:00 PM, the time when my father comes home. 7 He says he will have fixed the car by Friday and so we shall go on the trip on Saturday. 8 I shall be there on time to listen to his speech about Shaw. 9 He had been playing the piano for an hour when Mary entered the room. 10 My sister was reading a newspaper when Thomas got home. 11 I said he would have been practising for half an hour when his sister came home. 12 Mother said he would be cooking at five the following day. 13 She has been looking for her umbrella for half an hour. 14 Look at your sister! She is speaking to my new desk mate. 15 At 10 a.m. tomorrow, she will have been cleaning the house for an hour. 16 At 10 a.m. tomorrow, she will be cleaning the house. 17 He had been told about the accident when I arrived at home. 18 The neighbour was burried yesterday and you can never see him again. 19 I said he would have been told about the accident when you arrived at my place, but he came no longer. 20 She said that the lamb would be killed the following day.

R O M A N I A N 1 Tata plecase la gar cnd am ajuns acas. 2 Ieri, trenul a venit cu trei minute ntrziere. 3 A spus c i va termina (i va fi terminat) temele pentru acas pn la ase ieri dup-amiaz. 4 Acum cinci zile mi-a spus c va trece pe la tine a doua zi. 5 L-am ntlnit de dou ori astzi. i-a cumprat o rochie nou. 6 Este patru dup-amiaza, ora cnd vine acas tata. 7 Zice c va repara (va fi reparat) maina pn vineri aa c smbt vom merge n excursie. 8 Voi fi acolo la moment (tocmai la timp) ca s-i ascult discursul despre Shaw. 9 Cnta la pian de o or cnd Mary a intrat n camer. 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 Cnd Thomas a ajuns acas, sora mea citea un ziar. Am spus c va exersa de jumtate de or cnd va veni (sosi) acas sora lui. Mama a spus c a doua zi, la ora cinci, va gti (mncarea). i caut umbrela de jumtate de or. Privete la sora ta! i vorbete noului meu coleg de banc. Mine la ora zece ea va face curenie de o or. Mine la zece ea va face curenie. I se spusese despre accident, cnd eu am ajuns acas. Vecinul a fost nmormntat ieri, iar tu nu-l vei mai vedea niciodat. Am spus c i s-a spus/se va fi spus despre accident cnd tu vei ajunge la mine, dar el nu a mai venit A spus c mielul va fi tiat a doua zi.

21 He has just been asked about what you told him. 22 The house is cleaned every other day. 23 Your book will have been published for a week when you get there. 24 The tree will be cut tomorrow since it is a danger for the house.

2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4

Tocmai a fost (fu) ntrebat despre ce i-ai spus. Se face curenie n cas din dou n dou zile. Cartea ta va fi publicat de o sptmn cnd vei ajunge acolo. Copacul va fi tiat mine cci este un pericol pentru cas.