HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

ADVANCED PROGRAMS
---------------------------------------------------------------------------ELECTRICALS AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT II PROJECT:

AMPLITUDE MODULATION TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT

GROUP: NGUYEN THANH TUNG (LEADER) HOANG VAN THEM NGUYEN QUANG VINH NGUYEN ANH DUC NGO VAN VUONG

EEE1 EEE2 EEE1 EEE2 EEE1

Project Name: AM TRANSMITTER

Contents
1. Abstract------------------------------------------------------3 2. Requirements------------------------------------------------4 3.Parametters---------------------------------------------------4 4. Block Designing-----------------------------------4 5. Schematic and operation-----------------------------------5 6. PCB Layout------------------------------------------------- 6 7. Test-cases----------------------------------------------------7 8. Bill of Materials (BOMs) List--------------------8

Project Name: AM TRANSMITTER

Projects Report
1. Abstract
Our project is about analog circuit so the circuit must have some devices like transistors, OP-AMs, diodes...and the using of ICs is limited. We have some ideas : Using the motion of hands or using the sound of the claps to control behaviors of the LEDs. Building a FM transmitter circuit. Building a AM transmitter circuit.

We choose the third idea because the radio transmitter circuit is an important circuit for analog signals and telecommunications. The AM and FM circuits only use the analog devices so they have some advantages than the first idea (maybe has to use some digital ICs). Both AM and FM transmitter circuit can be use for applications, but a FM transmitter circuit is a little bit more difficult than a AM transmitter circuit. However, the AM transmitter circuit has its own difficulties, thus we had chosen the AM transmitter circuit project. After finishing the AM transmitter circuit, we will have the experiences and knowledge to make other difficult projects like FM transmitter. Moreover, the AM transmitter circuit can be applied to the real life. We can use it to make a wireless microphone (like the one is used in our classrooms). On the other hand, if we want to control the quadrocopters or toy cars, the AM transmitter can be a good method for the remote control.

Project Name: AM TRANSMITTER

2. Requirements
Functional requirements: o Transmission frequency can be adjusted using the variable capacitor. o Input signal : Sound through condenser microphone. o Output signal: The RF wave (can be caught by an AM receiver circuits). o Portable using battery. Non-functional requirements: o Size:5cm x 7cm o Circuit : PCB o Weight: 300 gram.

3. Parameters:
o Power source : 9V battery
o o o

Transmission frequency : 500kHz to 1600KHz (AM band) Transmission range: 30m Power : 100mW.

4. Block Designing
Sound input signal

Audio amplifier

Radio frequenc y oscillato r

RF output signal

+ Sound signal : The sound go through the condenser microphone. + Audio amplifier : Using transistor to make a amplifier circuit. + Radio frequency oscillator : Using the LC circuit to make the oscillation. + RF output signal : The sound signal after modulation will be sent via antenna.

Project Name: AM TRANSMITTER

5. Schematic and operation

The oscillator is built around Q1 (BC109) and related components. The tank circuit with inductance L1 and variable capacitance C1 is tunable in the range of 500kHz to 1600KHz. The frequency of the AM wave is calculated by formula : F= 1/(2*pi*sqrt(LC)) We have L1=200uH and C2 change from 0 to 500pF, so F change from 500KHz to 1600 KHz. Q1 is provided with regenerative feedback by connecting the base and collector of Q1 to opposite ends of the tank circuit. C1 ,the 1nF capacitance , couples signals from the base to the top of L1, and C5the 100pF capacitance ensures that the oscillation is transfered from collector, to the emitter, and through the internal base emitter resistance of the transistor Q2 (BC 109) , back to the base again. The resistor 1K R9 has an important role in this circuit. It ensures that the oscillation will not be shunted to ground trough the very low value internal emitter resistance, re of Q1(BC 109), and also increases the input impedance such that the modulation signal will not be shunted to ground. Q2 is wired as a common emitter RF amplifier, C7 decouples the emitter resistance and unleashes full gain of this stage. Moreover, the amount of AM modulation can be adjusted by the 4.7 K variable resistance R6.

Project Name: AM TRANSMITTER

6. PCB Layout (Using Altium Design software)

Project Name: AM TRANSMITTER

7. Test-cases (Using Proteus-ISIS simulation software)

In Proteus we dont have the audio input signal, so we take a oscillation source instead. The oscillation source have the amplitude 100mV and frequency 4KHz (the frequency of human voice). The circuit hasthe battery source 9V and the main current is 10mA, so we have the power of circuit is : P=U*I= 9V*0.01 A=0.09W (Satisfied the requirement)

We take the oscilloscope and measure the signal from the output (antenna). We have the oscillation from the output. However, we do not have the real input signal so this simulation is only to check if we have the oscillation signal at the output or not.

Project Name: AM TRANSMITTER

8. Bill of Materials (BOMs) List

Item name Quanti ty Description

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Transistor BC109 Battery Microphone Variable capacitor Resistor Resistor Resistor Chemical capacitor Chemical capacitor Chemical capacitor Chemical capacitor Ceramic capacitor Ceramic capacitor Copper wire Electric wire

2 1 1 1 4 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

NPN transistor 9V Condenser microphone 500 pF 1k Ohm 10k Ohm 47k Ohm 10 uF 2.2 uF 4.7 uF 100 uF 1 nF 100 pF 0.5mm diameter