STATION RECOGNITION SYSTEM IN TRAIN

A PROJECT WORK
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

By

Under the Guidance of M.Tech Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

P.V.P SIDDHARTHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

KANURU, VIJAYAWADA - 520 007.

Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad Approved by AICTE, New Delhi 2007-2008

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this project titled STATION RECOGNITION SYSTEM IN TRAIN is a bonafide record of work jointly by, B.Raja Gopala Rao (04501A04A6), A.Chaitanya Gowtham (04501A0499), S.Sareen (04501A0477) under my guidance and supervision and is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics & Communication Engineering by Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University during the academic year 2007-2008.

Mrs. K. ARUNA KUMARI, M. Tech Asst. Professor Dept of E.C.E

Dr. Y. RAJA RAO, B.Sc, B.E., Ph.D Professor & Head Dept of E.C.E

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost we sincerely salute our esteemed institution

V. R. SIDDHARTHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY for giving this golden opportunity for fulfilling our warm dreams of becoming engineers.

We hereby express our sincere gratitude to our Principal Dr. K.SRINIVASU, who has rendered us his constant encouragement and valuable suggestions making our project work successful.

We are also thankful to B.Sc, B.E, PhD, Head of Electronics and communications dept for his constant encouragement and invaluable support throughout the course of our project.

We are glad to express our deep sense of gratitude to Mrs.K.ARUNA KUMARI, M.Tech, Assistant Professor, our guide for her guidance and co-operation in completing this project.

We thank one and all who have rendered help to us directly or indirectly in the completion of this work.

PROJECT ASSOCIATES SUDAGANI JYOTHI

CONTENTS
ABSTRACT INTRODUTION Chapter-1 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 1.1 Introduction to Embedded systems 1.2 History 1.3 Embedded system characteristics 1.4 Embedded Hardware 1.5 Embedded Software Architecture Chapter-2 MICROCONTROLLERS 2.1 Introduction to Microcontrollers 2.2 Microcontroller 89C52 2.3 Pin layout of 89C52 2.5 Modes and Programming Chapter-3 RF TRANSPONDER 3.1 Introduction to RFID 3.2 Types of RFID tags 3.3 Transponder TK5530 3.4 Functional Description 3.5 Transponder Reference sheet Chapter-4 READER IC U 2270 B 4.1 Introduction to U2270B 4.2 Pin Description 4.3 Block Diagram 4.4 Operation Modes 4.5 Components Chapter-5 DSP PROCESSOR 5.1 General Description 5.2 Functional Block Diagram 5.3 Operating Modes Chapter-6 LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY 6.1 Introduction to LCD 6.2 Interfacing LCD to Microcontroller

6.3 Pin Diagram 7. Loud Speaker 8. Power Supply CIRCUIT DIAGRAM RESULT CONCLUSION APPENDIX BIBLIOGRAPHY SOURCE CODE

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT
Traveling long distances has become quite common today. Railways are the major source of transport for long distances. Identification of the forth-coming station is a major problem faced by the passengers during the journey; this problem is more evident during nights where it is difficult for the passengers to know the station name. The problem can be solved if we can intimate the forth-coming station name to the passengers. The concept of project is to display the station name and play the voice of the relevant station in the train compartment, when the train entering near to the station. The project is developed with the popular Microcontroller 89C52, RF transponder U270B, RF transmitter TK5530, LCD display 16*2 matrix display and voice DSP processor APR 9301V2. This RF transmitter transmit a unique universal 10 digit code kept 2 to 3 Km from the station .The code received by the receiver in the Train compartment , compares with the local data bank and display the relevant station name subsequently activates the DSP processor for appropriate voice data. This voice is given to the speaker via amplifier. The assembly program is written in Microcontroller for interfacing and processing above operations. The code transmitter is a fully passive we need not go for any active source. We have implemented for 15 cm, for live applications the distance between transmitter and train is 10 to 15m for which we have to put more powerful RF receiver and transmitter. SPECIFICATIONS: Proximity frequency 125KHz Distance between proximity transmitter and receiver is 15cm. Number of Stations are three(3 with display, 1 with voice) Decoding type is 6 unit Manchester. Voice time interval is 20sec.

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION
The main source of transportation used to move goods and people is railways. While traveling in the trains we are very much curious to know the upcoming station name but the recognition of the station is quite difficult. This problem is more significant during the nights since the visibility is poor to see the station name plate which is placed in front of the station. This is also a problem for the illiterate people and for the people who travel in that travel route for the first time. This project is made to eliminate this problem to recognize the upcoming station name before reaching the station. This is done by displaying the station name on a LCD display and also play the relevant station name from a loudspeaker. The project is developed by using a RF transponder which transmits a unique 10-digit code which acts as an ID for the station, this code when received by the RF reader is given to the microcontroller which processes the code and sends the respective data to the LCD and the to the loudspeaker.

Fig No. 1 TRANSMITTER SECTION:

Fig No. 1.1

The transmitted section placed at station. Each and every station will have a unique 10-digit code. This code will be transmitted .Transponder, in which we have two parts, ROM, Which is used to store the data. This data is to be transmitted. Second one Antenna which is used to receive the RF field and transmit the Data. RECEIVER SECTION:

Fig No. 1.2 The receiver section will be placed at the train. In the receiver, the U 2270B reader always generate RF field. Transponder receives power from a RF transmitter (reader) which is coupled inductively to the Identification IC TK5530. The TK5530 transponder operates at a nominal frequency of 100 kHz to 450 kHz. Receiving RF, the Identification IC of transponder TK5530 responds with a data stream by damping the incoming RF via an internal load. This U 2270B receives the data signal. Data signal is transformed to microcontroller-compatible signal by signal processing circuits which are in U2270B. Microcontroller has to be programmed such that it will generate the signal corresponding transmitted code. This means that Microcontroller will maintain a data base of station codes. This signal is given to Liquid Crystal Display that will display the corresponding station name. In the voice chip, the pre

recorded voice gets into playback mode when microcontroller will generate signal that announces relevant station name via loud speaker

Chapter-1

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Chapter-2

89C52 MICROCONTROLLER

Chapter-3

RF TRANSPONDER

Chapter-4

READER IC U 2270 B

Chapter-5

VOICE CHIP APR 9301V2

Chapter 6

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

Chapter - 7

SPEAKER

Chapter - 8

POWER SUPPLY UNIT

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

RESULT

CONCLUSION

APPENDIX

BIBLIOGRAPHY

SOURCE CODE