Quiz 4 Fall 2011: results 1.

Which of the following people used this apparatus to study the formation of organic compounds?

A. Stanley Miller B. Jakob Berzelius C. Friedrich Wohler D. Hermann Kolbe E. August Kekule 2. A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond, and how many, with other atoms? A. 2 ionic bonds B. 4 hydrogen bonds C.

4 covalent bonds D. 2 sets of Van der Waals bonds E. 2 covalent and 2 hydrogen bond 3. Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water? A. The majority of their bonds are ionic bonds between carbon atoms. B. The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-tohydrogen linkages. C. They are hydrophilic. D. They are polar molecules with unequal sharing of electrons in the bonds between carbon and hydrogen. E. They are less dense than water. 4. The two molecules shown are best described as...

A. enantiomers. B. radioactive isotopes. C. structural isomers. D. nonisotopic isomers. E. geometric isomers.

5. Thalidomide and L-dopa, shown below, are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers, or molecules that...

A. have identical three-dimensional shapes. B. are mirror images of one another. C. lack an asymmetric carbon. D. differ in the location of their double bonds. E. differ in their electrical charge. 6. A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning this compound? A. It lacks an asymmetric carbon, and it is probably a fat or lipid. B. It should dissolve in water. C. It should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent. D. It won't form hydrogen bonds with water. E. It is hydrophobic. 7. What is the name of the functional group shown?

A. carbonyl B.

ketone C. aldehyde D. carboxyl E. hydroxyl 8. A carbon skeleton is covalently bonded to both an amino group and a carboxyl group. When placed in water it... A. could function only as an acid because of the carboxyl group. B. could function only as a base because of the amino group. C. could function as neither an acid nor a base. D. could function as both an acid and a base. E. is virtually impossible to determine how it would function. 9. Which molecule has a carbonyl functional group in the form of an aldehyde?

A. A B. B C. C D.

D E. E 10. What is the chemical mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers? A. hydrogen bonds B. hydrolysis C. dehydration reactions D. ionic bonding of monomers E. Van der Waals interactions 11. Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified? A. as a pentose B. as a hexose C. as a monosaccharide D. as a disaccharide E. as a polysaccharide 12. Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because... A. the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is galactose. B.

humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the beta () glycosidic linkages of starch but not the alpha () glycosidic linkages of cellulose. C. humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the alpha () glycosidic linkages of starch but not the beta () glycosidic linkages of cellulose. D. humans harbor starch-digesting bacteria in their digestive tract. E. the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is maltose. 13. Which of the following statements about SATURATED FATS is FALSE? A. They are more common in animals than in plants. B. They have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids. C. They generally solidify at room temperature. D. They contain more hydrogen than unsaturated fatty acids having the same number of carbon atoms. E. They are hydrophobic. 14. A molecule with the formula C18H36O2 is most probably a... A. carbohydrate. B. fatty acid. C. protein. D. nucleic acid.

E. hydrocarbon. 15. What is a triglyceride? A. A protein with tertiary structure. B. A lipid made with three fatty acids and glycerol. C. A lipid that makes up much of the plasma membrane. D. A molecule formed from three aldehydes by dehydration reactions. E. A carbohydrate with three sugars joined together by glycosidic linkages. 16. The molecule shown in this figure is...

A. a polysaccharide. B. a polypeptide. C. a saturated fatty acid. D. a triacylglycerol. E. an unsaturated fatty acid. 17. What is the structure shown in this figure?

A.

A carbohydrate, specifically a starch molecule. B. A steroid molecule (lipid). C. An amino acid of a protein molecule. D. A carbohydrate (cellulose). E. A phospholipid molecule. 18. The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires... A. the release of a water molecule. B. the release of a carbon dioxide molecule. C. the addition of a nitrogen atom. D. the addition of a phosphate molecule. E. the addition of a peptide group. 19. There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another? A. Each has different carboxyl groups attached to a central carbon. B. Each has different amino groups attached to a central carbon. C. Each has different side chains (R groups) attached to a central carbon. D. Each has different types of elements as the central atom. E. Each has different groups of atoms in place of the Hydrogen attached to the central carbon.

20. Polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins are similar in that they... A. are synthesized from monomers by the process of hydrolysis. B. are synthesized from monomers by dehydration reactions. C. are synthesized as a result of peptide bond formation between monomers. D. are decomposed into their subunits by dehydration reactions. E. all contain nitrogen in their monomer building blocks. 21. The tertiary structure of a protein is the.. A. bonding together of several polypeptide chains by weak bonds. B. order in which amino acids are joined in a polypeptide chain. C. unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide. D. organization of a polypeptide chain into an helix or pleated sheet. E. overall protein structure resulting from the aggregation of two or more polypeptide subunits. 22. Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides? A. a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar B. a nitrogenous base, hydrogen atoms, and a pentose sugar C. a nitrogenous base, hydroxyl functional groups, and a phosphate group D.

a phosphate group and an adenine or uracil E. a pentose sugar and a purine or pyrimidine 23. The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA... A. is a six-carbon sugar and the sugar in RNA is a five-carbon sugar. B. can form a double-stranded molecule. C. has a six-membered ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms. D. can attach to a phosphate. E. contains one less oxygen atom. 24. Collagen is a protein found in connective tissue in animals and lysozyme is a protein that breaks down bacterial cell walls. After looking at figures in your text, what type of protein structure is only found in ONE of these proteins? A. primary structure B. secondary structure C. tertiary structure D. quaternary structure E. They both have all the types of protein structure. 25. Which of the following statements about phospholipids is FALSE? A. Phospholipids are similar to triglycerides except they only contain 2 fatty acids. B.

Phospholipids are found in animal cell membranes and oils are found in plant cell membranes. C. Phospholipids always contain a phosphate group and another hydrophilic group. D. Phospholipids can differ by their hydrophobic tails or by the molecules that are part of their hydrophilic heads. E. Phospholipid tails are internal and their heads are external and interacting with water in a phospholipid bilayer. 26. All of the following can be part of a prokaryotic cell EXCEPT... A. DNA. B. a cell wall. C. a plasma membrane. D. ribosomes. E. an endoplasmic reticulum. 27. Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells? A. The requirement for the largest volume possible to allow a cell's function. B. The difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. C. The evolution of eukaryotes after the evolution of prokaryotes. D.

The need for a surface area of sufficient area to allow the cell's function. E. The observation that longer cells usually have greater cell volume. 28. The nuclear lamina is an array of filaments on the inner side of the nuclear membrane. If a method were found that could cause the lamina to fall apart, what would you expect to be the most likely consequence? A. The loss of all nuclear function. B. A change in the shape of the nucleus. C. The inability of the cell to withstand enzymatic digestion. D. Failure of chromosomes to carry genetic information. E. Inability of the nucleus to keep out destructive chemicals. 29. The chemical reactions involved in respiration are virtually identical between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotic cells, ATP is synthesized primarily on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Where are the corresponding reactions likely to occur in prokaryotic respiration? A. in the cytoplasm B. on the inner mitochondrial membrane C. on the endoplasmic reticulum D. on the inner plasma membrane E. on the inner nuclear envelope

30. Cells can be described as having a cytoskeleton of internal structures that contribute to the shape, organization, and movement of the cell. Which of the following are part of the cytoskeleton? A. the nuclear envelope B. mitochondria C. microfilaments D. lysosomes E. nucleoli 31. Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is TRUE? A. The dynamic aspect of cytoskeletal function is made possible by the assembly and disassembly of a large number of complex proteins into larger aggregates. B. Microfilaments are structurally rigid and resist compression, while microtubules resist tension (stretching). C. Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other. D. Chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would cause little effect on the cell's metabolism E. Transport vesicles among the membranes of the endomembrane system produce the cytoskeleton. 32. The cell walls of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells and the extracellular matrix of animal cells are all external to the plasma membrane. Which of the following is a characteristic of all of these extracellular structures?

A. They must block water and small molecules in order to regulate the exchange of matter and energy with their environment. B. They must permit information transfer between the cell's cytoplasm and the nucleus. C. They must provide a rigid structure that maintains an appropriate ratio of cell surface area to volume. D. They are constructed of materials that are largely synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell. E. They are composed of a mixture of lipids and carbohydrates. Font Size... Font Family... Font Format...