INTERCONEXION DE DISPOSITIVOS DE RED CISCO ICND 1

CAPITULO 1: CONSTRUYENDO REDES SENCILLAS

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Objectivos
Al completar este capitulo , estar en la capacidad de:
Identificar los beneficios de una red de ordenadores y como funciona. Identificar las amenzas comunes a una red de datos y los diferentes metodos para mitigar estas. Identificar y comparar los modelos de comunicacin entre host OSI y TCP / IP Describir el direccionamiento IP y como se pueden obtener las direcciones IP. Describir el procedimiento que TCP usa para establecer conexin
Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Objectivos (cont.)
Al completar este capitulo , estar en la capacidad de:
Describir el proceso de entrega de paquetes host a host.
Describir como opera Ethernet en la Capa 1 y 2 del modelo OSI Explicar como se conecta una LAN Ethernet.

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Definiendo componentes de Red

Home Office Internet Mobile Users

Branch Office

Main Office
Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Definiendo componentes de Red (Cont.)

Branch Office

Floor 2

Server Farm ISDN Telecommuter

Floor 1

Remote

Campus
Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Acceso y conexin a redes de datos

Modem or ISDN TA Telecommuter

Mobile User

Branch Office Main Office

Internet
Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Seguridad en la red

core_sw_b

core_sw_b core_sw_a

Core_ Server

ISDN Cloud

Leased Line/ Frame Relay

Internet
Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

MODELOS DE COMUNICACIN

Modelo OSI
Applicacin
Capas de Aplicacin (Upper layers) Presentacin Sesin

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

MODELOS DE COMUNICACIN

Modelo OSI
Capas de Aplicacin (Upper layers) Applicacin Presentacin Sesin Transporte Red

Enlace de datos
Fisica

Capas de Flujo de datos (Data Flow Layers)

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Roles de las capas de Applicacin EJEMPLOS

Applicacin
Interfaz de usuario

Telnet FTP

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Roles de las capas de Applicacin

EJEMPLOS
Applicacin

Interfaz de usuario Como se presentan los datos Procesos especiales tales como Cifrado

Telnet FTP

Presentacin

ASCII EBCDIC JPEG

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Roles de las capas de Applicacin EJEMPLOS

Applicacin
Interfaz de usuario

Telnet FTP

Presentacin

Como se presentan los datos Procesos especiales tales como Cifrado

Mantener diferentes apliciones separadas

ASCII EBCDIC JPEG Sistemas Operativos/ Agenda de aplicaciones de acceso

Sesion

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Rol de las capas de flujos de datos

EJEMPLOS
Entrega de datos segura y no segura Transporte Correccin de errores antes de retransmitir
Red Entrega direccionamiento lgico Los Enrutadores determinan el mejor camino a seguir Combina bits en bytes y bytes en tramas Acceso al medio usando MAC address Error detection not correction Move bits between devices Specifies voltage, wire speed and pin-out cables

TCP UDP SPX IP IPX 802.3 / 802.2 HDLC EIA/TIA-232 V.35

Enlace de datos

Fisica

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Role of Data Flow Layers

Application Presentation Session

EXAMPLES
Reliable or unreliable delivery Error correction before retransmit Provide logical addressing which routers use for path determination Combines bits into bytes and bytes into frames Access to media using MAC address Error detection not correction Move bits between devices Specifies voltage, wire speed and pin-out cables

Transport

TCP UDP SPX IP IPX 802.3 / 802.2 HDLC EIA/TIA-232 V.35

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Network

Data Link

Physical

Encapsulating Data
Application

Presentation Upper Layer Data TCP HeaderUpper Layer Data

Session

PDU
Segment

Transport

IP Header

Data

Network

Packet

LLC Header

Data

FCS

Data Link

Frame

MAC Header

Data

FCS

0101110101001000010

Physical

Bits

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

De-encapsulating Data
Application Presentation Session

Upper Layer Data

Transport
Upper Layer Data

Network
TCP+ Upper Layer Data IP + TCP + Upper Layer Data

Data Link
LLC Hdr + IP + TCP + Upper Layer Data

Physical
0101110101001000010
Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Physical Layer Functions

Defines
Media type Connector type Signaling type
Physical 802.3
Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Physical Layer: Ethernet/802.3

10Base2Thin Ethernet 10Base5Thick Ethernet

Host Hub
10BaseTTwisted Pair

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Hubs Operate at Physical layer

Physical

All devices in the same collision domain

All devices in the same broadcast domain Devices share the same bandwidth
Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Hubs: One Collision Domain

More end stations means more collisions CSMA/CD is used

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Data Link layer Functions

Defines
Data Link

Physical source and destination addresses

Higher layer protocol (Service Access Point) associated with frame Network topology Frame sequencing

802.2

Physical

802.3

EIA/TIA-232 v.35

Flow control
Connection-oriented or connectionless

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Data Link Layer Functions (cont.)

MAC Layer - 802.3
# Bytes 8 6 6 2 Length Variable Data 4 FCS Preamble Dest add Source add

0000.0C
IEEE assigned

xx.xxxx
Vendor assigned

Ethernet II uses Type here and does not use 802.2.

MAC Address
Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Data Link Layer Functions (cont.)

802.2 (SNAP)
# Bytes
1 1 1 or 2 3 2 Variable

Dest SAP Source SAP

AA

AA

Ctrl OUI Type ID 03

Data

OR
# Bytes 1

802.2 (SAP)
1 1 or 2 Variable

Dest SAP

Source SAP

Ctrl

Data

Preamble Dest add Source add Length

Data

FCS

MAC Layer - 802.3

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Switches and Bridges Operate at Data Link Layer

Data Link

OR

Each segment has its own collision domain All segments are in the same broadcast domain
Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Switches

Switch
Memory

Each segment has its own collision domain

Broadcasts are forwarded to all segments
Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Network Layer Functions

Defines logical source and destination addresses associated with a specific protocol Defines paths through network
Interconnects multiple data links
Network IP, IPX

Data Link

802.2

Physical

802.3

EIA/TIA-232
v.35

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Network Layer Functions (cont.)

Network Layer End Station Packet
IP Header
Source address Destination address Data

Logical Address

172.15.1.1
Network Node

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Network Layer Functions (cont.)

Address Mask

172.16.122.204 255.255.0.0
172 16 122 204

Binary Address 10101100 00010000 01111010 11001100

255 255 0 0

Binary Mask

11111111 11111111
Network

00000000 00000000
Host

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Network Layer Functions (cont.)

1.1 1.0 4.0 4.1

1.2

1.3 E0

2.1

2.2 S0

4.3

S0

4.2

E0

Routing Table NET INT Metric 1 E0 0 2 S0 0 4 S0 1

Routing Table NET INT Metric 1 S0 1 2 S0 0 4 E0 0

Logical addressing allows for hierarchical network Configuration required Uses configured information to identify paths to networks
Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Routers: Operate at the Network Layer

Broadcast control

Multicast control
Optimal path determination

Traffic management
Logical addressing Connects to WAN services

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Transport Layer Functions

Distinguishes between upper layer applications Establishes end-to-end connectivity between applications
Transport TCP UDP SPX

Network

Defines flow control

Provides reliable or unreliable services for data transfer

IP

IPX

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Reliable Transport Layer Functions

Sender Receiver

Synchronize

Acknowledge, Synchronize
Acknowledge

Connection Established
Data Transfer (Send Segments)
Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Using Telnet to Connect to Remote Devices

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Viewing Telnet Connections

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Using the ping and trace Commands

Router###ping 10.1.1.10
Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.10, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/4 ms Router#trace 192.168.101.101 Type escape sequence to abort. Tracing the route to 192.168.101.101

1 p1r1 (192.168.1.49) 20 msec 16 msec 16 msec 2 p1r2 (192.168.1.18) 48 msec * 44 msec Router#

Tests the connectivity and path to a remote device

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Cabling the Campus

Legend
FastEthernet/

Ethernet ISDN Dedicated Core_ Server

core_sw_a

ISDN Cloud

Leased Line/ Frame Relay

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

LAN Physical Layer Implementations

Physical layer implementations vary

Some implementations support multiple physical media

Data Link (MAC layer) 10Base2 10Base5

802.3
10BaseT
10BaseF 802.3u Specifications for 100MB (Fast) Ethernet
Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Physical

DIX Standard

802.3 Specifications for 10MB Ethernet

Positioning Ethernet in the Campus

Ethernet 100BaseT Position
Access Layer Layer

Gigabit Ethernet Position

Gives high-performance PC and workstations 1000-Mbps access to the server.
Provides connectivity between access and distribution layers. Provides connectivity from the distribution to core layer. Provides connectivity from the server block to the core layer. Provides inter-switch connectivity.

Access

Provides connectivty between the end user device and the access switch. Not typically used at this layer.

Distribution Distribution Layer

Layer

Core Layer

Core Layer

Not typically used at this layer.

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Comparing Ethernet Media Requirements

100 BaseT

Duplex mediainterface connector (MIC) ST

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Differentiating between Connections

ISO 8877 (RJ-45) connectors and jacks are slightly larger than RJ-11 phone connectors and jacks AUI connectors are DB15

Fiber Connector Port

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

UTP Device
Wire Pair T is Tip R is Ring Pair 3 T2 Pair 3 R2 Pair 2 T3 Pair 1 R1 Pair 1 T1 Pair 2 R3 Pair 4 T4 Pair 4 R4

Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

The RJ-45 Connector

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

UTP Implementation Straight-through

Straight-through Cable

Hub/Switch

Server/Router

8 1 8

Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Label RD+ RDTD+ NC NC TDNC NC

Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Label TD+ TDRD+ NC NC RDNC NC

w g w b w o w br g o b br

w g w b w o w br g o b br

Wires on cable ends are in same order

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

UTP Implementation Crossover

Cable 10BaseT/ 100BaseT Crossover
Hub/Switch
Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Label RD+ RDTD+ NC NC TDNC NC Hub/Switch Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Label RD+ RDTD+ NC NC TDNC NC

Crossover Cable

8 1 8

br w g w b w o w br g o b

w br w w w b g br o b

o g

Some wires on cable ends are crossed

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices

Cabling the Campus

Determine the physical media used- 100MB or 1000MB
Indicates what type of CAT cable is required

Locating interfaces on the chassis- determine if one or both ports have an X

Indicates if need crossover or straight-through cable
1000 Mbps Cat 5, 6 Crossover

100 Mbps 1000 Mbps Cat 3, 4, 5 Cat 5,6 Straight-through Straight-through

100 Mbps Cat 5 Crossover

10 Mbps Cat 3, 4, 5 Straight-through

Interconecting Cisco Network Devices