How to identify an unknown fiber

Fiber identification by solubility

Acetone 10 min @ RT If soluble Cyclohexane 2 min @ boil S Chlorinated PVC I Acetic acid 2 min @ boil S Acetate I Modacrylic

SIM-

soluble Insoluble Medium

Acetone 10 min @ RT If insoluble 5% NaOH 2 min @ boiling temperature S Acidify HCl Lead Acetate S Silk I Wool S I M Saran I

formic acid 2 min @ RT

Methylene Chloride 2 min @ RT S Triacetate I Acetic acid 2 min @ boiling S Nylon I Vinal

DMF 2 min @ RT S CH3Cl @ RT

Nytrile

Vinyon

Simple identification for fibers

Cotton 1) 60% H2SO4 -insoluble 2) 75% H2SO4 -soluble Nylon 1) 20% HCl - soluble 2) 60% H2SO4 -soluble 3) 75% H2SO4 -soluble Polyester 1) Conc. H2SO4 -soluble 2) 60% H2SO4 -insoluble 3) 75% H2SO4 -soluble 4) Phenolic H2SO4 @ 500C soluble 5) M. cresol @ 900C soluble Acrylic 1)60% H2SO4 -soluble 2)75% H2SO4 -soluble 6) DMF @600C -soluble Viscose 1) 60% H2SO4 -soluble 2) 75% H2SO4 -soluble Wool 1)60% H2SO4 -insoluble 2) 75% H2SO4 -insoluble 3) NaOCl - soluble

Acetate 1) 60% H2SO4 -soluble 2) 75% H2SO4 -soluble 3) Acetone -soluble Flex 1) 60% H2SO4 -insoluble 2) 75% H2SO4 -soluble Silk 1) 60% H2SO4 -soluble 2) 75% H2SO4 -soluble Polypropelene 1) 60% H2SO4 2) 75% H2SO4 3) DMF 4) Phenol

-insoluble -insoluble -insoluble -insoluble

AATCC Test Method 15-2009 Colorfastness to Perspiration

Purpose and Scope This test method is used to determine the fastness of colored textiles to the effects of acid perspiration. It is applicable to dyed, printed or otherwise colored textile fibers, yarns and fabrics of all kinds and to the testing of dyestuffs as applied to textiles. Principle A specimen of colored textile in contact with other fiber materials (for color transfer) is wet out in simulated acid perspiration solution, subjected to a fixed mechanical pressure and allowed to dry slowly at a slightly elevated temperature. After conditioning, the specimen is evaluated for color change and the other fiber materials are evaluated for color transfer.
Apparatus and material

Perspiration tester Specimens measuring 40 mm x 100 mm, one dyed and two bleached.Oven, maintained at 370C 2 0.5 g of l-histidine monohydrochloride monohydrate ;5 g of sodium chloride (NaCl)5 g of disodium hydrogen orthophosphate dodecahydrate (Na2HPO4.12H2O

Perspirometer

Procedure: The composite specimen laid out smooth in a flat-bottomed dish and cover with the solution .One composite specimen is thoroughly wet in the alkaline solution at pH 8 at a liquor ratio of 50: 1, and allowed it to remain in the solution at room temperature for 30 min .It is pressed and moved from time to time to ensure good and uniform penetration of the liquor. The solution is pour off and wipes the excess liquor off the specimen between two glass rods. The composite specimen is placed between two glass or acrylic resin plates, under a pressure of 12.5 kPa. Separate apparatus is used for the acid test. Tester is placed in oven containing composite specimen in the oven for 4 h at 370C.Each composite specimen is opened out and dried it by hanging it in air at a temperature not exceeding 60oC with the two or three parts in contact only at the line of stitching. Assess the change in color of each specimen and the staining of the adjacent fabric(s) with the grey scales.

Grey Scale for Assessing Change in Shade This Grey Scale is for assessing the degree of change in shade caused to a dyed Textile fabric / yarn in color fastness tests. For example, the change of shade of wool and cotton fabrics in the wash fastness, perspiration fastness, etc. The scale consists of nine pairs of gray color chips each representing a visual difference and contrast. The fastness rating goes step-wise from: Note 5 = no visual change (best rating) to Note 1 = a large visual change (worst rating). The gray scale has the 9 possible values: 5, 4-5, 4, 3-4, 3, 2-3, 2, 1-2, 1.

Grey Scale for Assessing Staining This Grey Scale is for assessing the degree of staining caused by a dyed Textile / yarn in color fastness tests. For example, the staining of wool and cotton fabrics in the wash fastness, perspiration fastness, etc. The scale consists of nine pairs of gray color chips each representing a visual difference and contrast. The fastness rating goes step-wise from: Note 5 = no visual change (best rating) to Note 1 = a large visual change (worst rating). The grey scale has the 9 possible values: 5, 4-5, 4, 3-4, 3, 2-3, 2, 1-2, 1.

AATCC test method for colour fastness to sea water Purpose and Scope
This test method is designed to measure the resistance to sea water of dyed, printed, or otherwise colored textile yarns and fabrics of all kinds. Artificial sea water is used in this test because natural sea water is variable in composition, and is often difficult to obtain.

Principle
The specimen, backed by multifiber test fabric, is immersed in artificial sea water under specified conditions of pressure, temperature and time, and then placed between glass or plastic plates under specificed conditions of pressure, temperature and time. The change in color of the specimen and the staining of the attached multifiber test fabric are observed.
Apparatus and material

Perspiration test Specimens measuring 40 mm x 100 mm, one dyed and two bleached.Oven, maintained at 370C 2 gray scale Per liter NaCl 30g MgCl2 5g

Procedure: Immerse the specimen in the test solution at the room temperature with occasional agitating to insure through wetting out. Remove the test specimen after about 2o minutes and only pass between squeeze rolls to remove excess liquor when the wet weight of the test specimen is more than 3 times of the dry weight . Place the test specimen between glass or plastic plates and insert in the specimen unit of the perspiration tester. Adjust the perspiration tester to produce a pressure of 10 lb on the specimen. Heat the loaded specimen in the oven for 18 hours. Remove the specimen from the unit and complete drying. Then evaluate with the gray scale.

Introduction
North Cloth, North Manufacturing, North sails 3DL Lanka and Southern Spars International are subsidiaries of North Sails Group LLC, USA, the world's largest producer of sails and sail technology leader. A fully automated factory, North Cloth is equipped with state-of-the-art sail cloth laminating facilities, RM & FG inspection and an in built racking system for inventory control. With computer controlled production, in-house laboratories, stringent quality control measures and automatic web guiding and edge trimming, a competitive advantage is offered in producing sail cloth for export. This is a report about the chemical testing currently undergone at the North Cloth laboratory in order to ensure the quality of the products.

Section 1Fiber Structural, physical and chemical characterization Microscopic appearance Microscopic viewsPage Burning test Fiber burn chart Chemical identification Solubility test

Section 2Colour Fastness Colour fastness to perspiration Colour fastness to sea water

Content

Page Number

Abstract Action of fungi on sail clothes Zinc Omadine Vanquish 100 Laboratory procedure to test the efficiency of ZPT and BBIT Alternative method for antifungal protection Comparison of ECTFE and ZPT + BBIT References

2 3 4-5 6-7 8 9 10 11

Section 2Colour Fastness

Colour fastness to perspira tion Colour fastness to sea water

C olour fastnes F iber identification

Section1Fiber Identification
Structural, physical and chemical characterization Microscopic appearance Microscopic viewsPage Burning test Fiber burn chart Chemical identification Solubility test