Architecture on water-base

Climate Adaptation Lab 3

YTSE JOUSMA - TU DELFT

Ytse Jousma - Climate Adaptation Lab 3

1. Fascination + problem definition 2. Location

-specific problems for the location -characteristics

3. Programm
-Masterplan -building functions

4.Concept 5. Research
-Goals -Activities

CONTENTS

6. Planning 7. Themes 8. Concept Sketches

Ytse Jousma - Climate Adaptation Lab 3

Fascination topics
architecture on water-base
-Integration of water and architecture -Make more benefit of the Dutch watery environment in architecture -Multifunctional use of the water: nature, water storage, living, recreation, etc. Problems due to climate change:

1. FASCINATION

-Rise of sea waterlevel: riscfull living environment -More precipitation: flooding rivers: not enough possibilities to store the water at peak moments -Sallinization: in groundwater and soil -Lack of fresh water -Subsidence of ground level General problems: -Need for more space for living, working AND RECREATION. SEE THE OPPORTUNITIES OF WATER, INSTEAD OF THE PROBLEMS!!!!

Ytse Jousma - Climate Adaptation Lab 3

Grevelingen lake and Brouwersdam

Present problems and interesting characteristics Watery environment: -no space to build (except for the water) (expanding holiday villages) -how to benefit from the position surrounded by (lots) of water? Salt water / environment: -how to deal with fresh water need? -how to deal with materialisation? Sallinization: -the Grevelingen lake is getting to salt, natural quality is dropping Mixture in landuse: -multifunctional use of the water

2. LOCATION

-how to get a harmonious integration between these functions Fluctuation of waterlevel -the Grevelingen is planned to be used as water storage area -plans to break through the Brouwersdam, bringing back of tidal movement (in 5-10 years) -how to deal with rising sea level? -how to deal with fluctuating waterlevel? Rural area -how to deal with energy demand -how to get less dependent of supplies form urbanised areas

-Natural area -Recreational area (sailing, scuba-diving, surfing, holidayhomes) -Flooding area for river (in 1-2 years) -Recreational area

Ytse Jousma - Climate Adaptation Lab 3

Birdseye view Middelplaat

Ytse Jousma - Climate Adaptation Lab 3

Specific problems for location

Decreasing oxigen level & natural quality: -minimal connection with sea (no tidal movement) -low oxigen-level: decreasing water quality and biodiversity

Expected problems due to climate change: -increasing sallinization -increasing dryness

Current situation: closed of salt water lake -minimal connection with sea (no tidal movement) -no connection with river (no storage function)

Expected situation arounc 2010 -water storage area space for the river

Expected situation arounc 2015 -break-through Brouwersdam for tidal energy

Ytse Jousma - Climate Adaptation Lab 3

General info
ROTTERDAM

-140 km2 -mainly recreational functions -5 municipalities -2 provinces

ZUID-HOLLAND
NORTH SEA HARINGVLIET

-water storage area for river (in case of water surplus) -Mainly natural and recreational use

GREVELINGEN GOEREE OVERFLAKKEE SCHOUWEN-DUIVELAND

-biggest salt water lakes in western europe. -clean and salty water (no dynamics) -unique but fragile ecosystem

ZEELAND
OOSTERSCHELDE

Ytse Jousma - Climate Adaptation Lab 3

Character
HARINGVLIET

autonomic area with an own character. Distinguishes from other lakes in salt water and the presence of smal islands

GREVELINGEN

OOSTERSCHELDE

Oosterschelde: -salty water -tidal movement (oosterscheldedam open) -no islands

Grevelingen: -salty water -no tidal movement -islands

Haringvliet: -fresh water -no tidal movement -no islands

Ytse Jousma - Climate Adaptation Lab 3

Recreation

Map with marinas around the Grevelingen Lake Nature and recreation clear differentiation between recreational- and natural areas

Ytse Jousma - Climate Adaptation Lab 3

Goeree Overflakkee NORTH SEA

Own Identity
Brouwersdam: -Artificial -Asphalt landscape -Youth culture -Urbanized -Noisy Islands: -Natural -Agricultural -Polder -Rural -Quite

There is a contrast between dam and islands

Brouwersdam

GREVELINGEN

Schouwen-Duiveland

Also there is a variation in different areas on the dam itself. -Hard site: asphalt, youth, sports -Soft site: natural, recreation

Brouwersdam (artificial, asphalt)

Polder (Schouwen-Duiveland)

Nature (Goeree Overflakkee) Ytse Jousma - Climate Adaptation Lab 3

Building with water

Context: -Grevelingen, Brouwersdam -At the Middelplaat on the center of the Brouwersdam -Sustainable Marina (independent of Port Zelande) -REALISTIC ASSIGNMENT Marina : -800 boats (recreational) -500 Holiday Homes -hotel, conference center, sports center -area for fishing boats -16.000m2 nautical area Programm: -offices for employees + information point (harbour building) -multifunctional space (mainly for conference center) -annexes for visitors (showers, toilet, etc)

3. PROGRAMM

Location

Use of existing masterplan

Building: center for harbour Ytse Jousma - Climate Adaptation Lab 3

Existing masterplan Haven van de Toekomst

Ytse Jousma - Climate Adaptation Lab 3

Impressions building & programm

-authentic feeling -building in the water -combination homes and boats -Traditional use of materials

Traditional zeeuwse houses

Integration harbour and holiday homes

Modern architecture with traditional forms Ytse Jousma - Climate Adaptation Lab 3

How to built with water instead of building on water?

-Integration of water in the building design -Optimal benefit from its watery environment -Exploiting the positive characteristics of water into buildings -Decreasing the negative influences of water on buildings

4. CONCEPT

Ytse Jousma - Climate Adaptation Lab 3

Research topics
Location -characteristics of location + landscape + waterscape -fluctuation, depth, soil, nature, wind, water, etc. Programm -exact programm -adaptability / multifunctinality -volumes & buildingmass Building with water -fundation -connecting land and water -materials (salt environment) and construction (lightweight) -see and feel water in the design Sustainability -materialisation -energy systems -water systems -livecycle -reduction (materials and energy use) -C2C

4. RESEARCH

Ytse Jousma - Climate Adaptation Lab 3

Interrelated research
Research: Location & programm
soiltype and depths

Research: building in water

fundation type

Research: materials

Research: energy systems

fundation

fluctuation

precipitation

ways to store the rainwater

how to use the rainwater

natural sources

how to use sun, wind and water

salt water

materials

flexible programm

volumes

ways to connect building with water

construction and materials

Ytse Jousma - Climate Adaptation Lab 3

Toolbox

developement of generic designprinciples to integrate water in the building environment.

IN

OUT

References

Literature and own research

Professionals

Location specific design principles

Ytse Jousma - Climate Adaptation Lab 3

Research subjects: specific for location

Water -Watertype -Waterscape -Fluctuation connection with sea storage for river -Water depth -Ground water -Water quality (level of salt and oxigen) -Soil type -Water current -Biodiversity and nature -Problems due to the water -sallinization -rise of sea water Surroundings -Spaciousness -nature / recreation -use of space and shortage > multifunctionality Connection land<>water -land based functions (paring, gardens, etc.) -infrastructure -present supplies (electricity, water) Sustainability -energy efficiency (decreasing demand) -4 Ps: People, planet, prosperity, project -materials -use of water -flexibility (more tourists, bigger boats) -multifunctionality -stimulating sustainable behaviour of guests

Ytse Jousma - Climate Adaptation Lab 3

P1 Fascination

P2

P3

P4

P5

Planning

Location

Research

6. PLANNING

Concept

Design

Final Presentation

Ytse Jousma - Climate Adaptation Lab 3

Phase, goals and activities

Phase Prephase
Project definition -find a location -setup assignment -research definition -programm -planning

Research
Creating a toolbox -get usefull and sufficient information about location and typology

Implementation
Translation of principles to design concept

Design
Designing a building

Goals

(where) (why) (how) (what) (when)

Activities

-Description fascination and problem definition -Searching for locations -visit location -Definition research question -Definition design approach -visit project manager and initiator -Setup programm definition -Making a planning

-Analyse location -Determine sustainable aspects, and water aspects related to location: -watertype, soiltype etc. -search for reference projects where these aspects occur -visit some marinas -interview proffesionals: -Involved architect -Expert Grevelingen -Materials / technics (civil engineer / BT) -Marina expert (DHV or Port Zelande) -Literature study -building on water -sustainable materialuse -energy systems

-Determine which aspects can form the basics for the final design -Developement of principles into building elements

Designing: -Plans -Sections -Facades -Situation -Fragment and Details Implement: -Energy systems -Water systems -Materialisation

Ytse Jousma - Climate Adaptation Lab 3

Water

?
Fluctuation Depth Soil type Embankment Ground water

?
Water type

Energy

-12-34C 2-15C

Sun

Wind

Water

Fundation type

On piles

Floating (platform)

Floating (basement)

Amphibious

Terp

(Re)use of water

7. THEMES

Catchment

Reuse

Filter

Reduce

Design approach & other topics

Building on water Building with water Multifunctional use Adaptable

Ytse Jousma - Climate Adaptation Lab 3

Lack of fresh water: rainwater catchment reuse water

visual attractiveness

8. CONCEPT SKETCHES

connection with main land land based functions: garden / playground Combination with filter?

supplies and connection visable water in the building opportunities for nature type of foundation: piles

-12-34C 2-15C

Ytse Jousma - Climate Adaptation Lab 3

rooftop: oppertunity to integrate pv-cells reuse water

visual attractiveness connection with main land

platform where the water is flowing over: voetenbaden

opportunities for nature type of foundation: floating

visability between land and water

Ytse Jousma - Climate Adaptation Lab 3

Thank You!

Ytse Jousma - Climate Adaptation Lab 3