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Detailed information on Internet survey studies that we cite in this report is presented in Table B.1. 1 Some of the studies have multiple study arms, each of which is listed in a separate row in the table. Each study arm corresponds to a different experimental setting. For example, one arm of a study might use postal mail exclusively for contacting individuals, while another might use e-mail to invite individuals to participate in a survey that is done on the Web. We classified the survey samples into census, random (or probability), and convenience samples. Depending on who the target population is, a sample may be classified as either random or convenience. For example, a random sample of participants in an Internet newsgroup for dentists would count as a convenience sample if the population of inference is all dentists in the United States (including those who do not participate in the Internet newsgroup). Contact modes are classified as mail, phone, e-mail, newsgroup postings, traditional advertising (such as through newspapers or magazines), Web site advertising (such as hyperlinks in prominent Web sites), or Web. ______________
1Some unpublished studies that we cited are omitted from the table because of limited information.
95
96
Table B.1 Evidence Table for Survey Studies Cited in This Report
Year 2001 3,500 a 13,034 Convenience E-mail a 1,699 Random 14,150 Random Phone Web Random E-mail Web
2001
2001
Target Population University of Michigan students University of Michigan students U.S. adults
2001
U.S. adults
Phone
Phone
45.6
2001
Mail + Web
20.8
2001
RAND employees
1,298
Census
Web
44
2000
Survey Topic Drug and alcohol use Couper Drug and alcohol use Berrens Attitudes on the environment Berrens Attitudes on the environment Asch Enlistment propensity in the military under different scenarios Everingham Balancing work and personal life Paolo Curriculum evaluation Fourth-year medical students 61 Census E-mail E-mail
24
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Table B.1Continued
Sample Size 83
2000
2000
Quigley
21,805
Random
Mail + Web
42
2000
Quigley
7,279
Random
40
2000
Schleyer
Survey Topic Target Population Curriculum Fourth-year medical evaluation students N/A Active-duty personnel, military spouses, civilians, reserve members N/A Active-duty personnel, military spouses, civilians, reserve members N/A Active-duty personnel, military spouses, civilians, reserve members Clinical Dentists practice 438 Convenience E-mail E-mail N/A N/A Convenience Convenience E-mail E-mail Web + e-mail + fax Web Web
74.2
2000 Taylor
Taylor
N/A N/A
2000
Political U.S. population approval 1998 U.S U.S. population election for 23 governors and 14 senators
97
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98
Table B.1Continued
Year 2000
Primary Author Witte Target Population U.S. adults age 16 and over
1999
Couper
4,187
Census
Mixed
70.7
1999
Couper
4,066
Census
Mixed
42.6
1999 Flemming Jones Jones Jones Kaye Uses of Web for political information N/A Health 200 Health 100 Health 200 Random Random Random Convenience Election N/A Convenience
Flemming
Survey Topic Social science: geographic mobility, community Organizational climate Organizational climate Election N/A Convenience E-mail E-mail E-mail Mail E-mail Newsgroup postings Web Web Web Mail E-mail Web
N/A N/A 19 72 34
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
Employees of five U.S. federal agencies Employees of five U.S. federal agencies Anyone visiting the PEW Web site Anyone in prior PEW phone interview Staff at ten universities Staff at ten universities Staff at ten universities Anyone browsing the Web
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Table B.1Continued
Year 1999
Primary Author Sheehan Target Population Individuals with personal e-mail accounts
1999
Sheehan
Creators of healthrelated Web sites University faculty, staff, and students 585 Random 580 Random E-mail
834
Random
47
1999
Sheehan
47
1999
Shermis
36
1999
Shermis
585
Random
30
1999 Vehovar
Vehovar
N/A N/A
Convenience Random
E-mail Phone
Web Phone
N/A N/A
1999
Survey Topic Attitudes and behaviors associated with on-line privacy Health Web site purpose and funding Attitudes toward online privacy Telecommunications needs of educators Telecommunications needs of educators Electronic commerce Electronic commerce Members of the National Council on Measurement in Education Members of the National Council on Measurement in Education All Internet users in Slovenia All Internet users in Slovenia
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100
Table B.1Continued
Year 1999
1998
Dillman
9,522
Random
Phone
Web
41.1
1998
Dillman
2,466
Random
Phone
Web
36.3
1998
Nichols
50
Convenience
Mail + Web
Mixed
94
1998
Nichols
Survey Topic Target Population Scholarly Researchers with inpaper press papers to be submissions published in eight library science journals Past Web sites Purchasers of visited, computer products lifestyles, behavior (plain Web page design) Past Web sites Purchasers of visited, computer products lifestyles, behavior (fancy Web page design) Economic Large commercial data of large U.S. companies commercial firms Economic Large commercial data of large U.S. companies commercial firms 2,552 Census Mail Mail Mixed
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Table B.1Continued
Year 1998
1998
N/A
Census
48
1998
N/A
Census
54
1998
226
Census
57.5
1998 110 a
Web
0.18
1998 67 a
Web
1.68
1998 51
Survey Topic Target Population N/A Permanent faculty of Washington State University Schaefer N/A Permanent faculty of Washington State University Schaefer N/A Permanent faculty of Washington State University Schaefer N/A Permanent faculty of Washington State University Schillewaert Attitudes Flemish Web users toward the Web Schillewaert Attitudes Flemish Web users toward the Web Schillewaert Attitudes Flemish Web users toward the Web Newsgroup postings Convenience Web site advertising Web
0.68
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102
Table B.1Continued
Year 1998
Sample Type of Size Sample a Convenience 125 a Convenience Census E-mail Fax Mixed Web E-mail
1997 80 276
N/A N/A
1997
1997
Internet users
8,859
Convenience
Web
25
1996
Business school deans and chairpersons Business school deans and chairpersons 3,700 names and addresses purchased from Internet magazine in the UK 1,221 244 Census
244
Random
65.6
1996
52.5
1996
Primary Author Survey Topic Schillewaert Attitudes toward the Web Coomber Drug dealer practices Kittleson Health educator certification Swoboda Future risks for the planet and mankind Bachman Total quality management in higher education Bachman Total quality management in higher education Comley Early adopters of technology Convenience E-mail E-mail E-mail
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Table B.1Continued
Year 1996
1995
Kittleson
153
Census
76.5
1995
Kittleson
153
Census
28.1
1995
Mehta
60
Random
40
1995
Mehta
202
Random
45
1995
Mehta
Survey Topic Target Population Early adopters 3,700 names and of technology addresses purchased from Internet magazine in the UK Trivial Health educators in questions for a small professional health association educators Trivial Health educators questions for listed in an e-mail health directory educators Internet Active U.S. users of communiBBS newsgroups cation Internet Active U.S. users of communiBBS newsgroups cation Internet Active U.S. users of communiBBS newsgroups cation 107 Random Mail Mail Mail
83
103
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104
Table B.1Continued
Year 1995
1995
Mehta
122
Random
63
1995
Tse
200
Census
Response Follow-up Mode Mode Mail + E-mail e-mail + fax Mail + E-mail e-mail + fax Mail Mail
27
1995
Tse
200
Census
1995
Werner
1,200
Random
N/A
1994
Schuldt
Survey Topic Target Population Internet International users communiof BBS newsgroups cation Internet Active U.S. users of communiBBS newsgroups cation Business Administrative and ethics teaching staff at Chinese University of Hong Kong with listed e-mail addresses Business Administrative and ethics teaching staff at Chinese University of Hong Kong with listed e-mail addresses Presidential General population approval in the U.S. rating Attitudes MIS and marketing toward faculty in shareware membership directories 200 Census Mail Mail
19.3
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Table B.1Continued
Year 1994
1992
Parker
40
Census
38
1992
Parker
100
Census
68
1992
Walsh
Survey Topic Target Population Attitudes MIS and marketing toward faculty in shareware membership directories Expatriation Former AT&T and employees repatriation Expatriation Former AT&T and employees repatriation Scientific Subscribers to the activities Ocean Division of with SCIENCEnet computer networks 300 Random E-mail Mail + e-mail E-mail
76
105
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106
Table B.1Continued
Year 1992
1986
Kiesler
75
Random
Phone
67
1986
Kiesler
Survey Topic Target Population Scientific Subscribers to the activities Ocean Division of with SCIENCEnet computer networks Health and Recently active personal computer mail characterusers at Carnegie istics Mellon University Health and Recently active personal computer mail characterusers at Carnegie istics Mellon University 75 Random Mail Mail Phone
75
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