Introduction Microscope is technology of making very small things visible to human eyes.

Microscope use optical principles to form images which depend on source of illumination, specimen to be examined are thick or thin and system of lenses that focuses the illumination on the specimen. Z. Janssen and H. Janssen had invented the first light microscope, while Robert Hooke is the one who first observe and describe cells under light microscope. Light microscope is the oldest, simplest and most widely-used form of microscopy. Specimens are illuminated with light, which is focused using glass lenses and viewed using the eye or photographic film. It has a resolution of about 200 nm with magnification up to 2000. The resolving power of a microscope is ultimately limited by the wavelength of light (400-600nm for visible light). To improve the resolving power a shorter wavelength of light is needed. There are 6 types of light microscope such as, Brightfield, Darkfield, Phase Contrast, Differential Interference Contrast, Fluorescence and Confocal.

Part of light microscope includes eyepiece that magnifies object 10, body tube hold the lenses, objective lenses magnifies object 10, 40 or 100, stage supports slide, stage clips hold the slide onto the stage, diaphragm controls the amount of light which passes to the specimen, mirror is used to reflect light from an external light source up through the bottom of the stage, arm connects the base and barrel, coarse focus is to raises and lowers the stage for focusing, fine coarse able to moves the stage slightly to sharpen image and base function to supports the light microscope.

Specimens can be living or dead, but often need to be stained with a coloured dye to make them visible. Most specimens are transparent under the microscope, so staining needed to enhance contrast of specimen. Oil immersion allow image be viewed more focus. Oil has the same refractive index as the glass of the cover slip. This allows very little refraction of the light rays as they go through the slide, specimen, cover slip, oil and through the glass objective lens. The presence of the liquid increases the effective aperture of the objective lens, thus increasing the resolution. Objective 1. Describe how to care for a compound light microscope 2. Recognize and give the function of the parts of a compound light microscope 3. Accurately align a compound light microscope 4. Correctly use a compound light microscope 5. Make a wet mount

Materials Compound microscope Water from a pond Glass microscope slide Glass coverslip Dropper water of distilled water Method 1. A drop of pond water is placed on the slide. 2. One end of a glass coverslip is placed to the right or left of the specimen so that the rest of the slip is held a 45 angle over the specimen. 3. The coverslip is slowly lowered with a dissecting needle so as not to trap air bubbles. 4. The wet mount is observed, first at low magnification and then with high power. Air maybe trapped either in wood dust or free bubbles. Trapped air would appear dark and refractive around its edges. Observation is drawn and the total magnification is written. 5. The slide and coverslip is cleaned. Result

No organism is found.

Discussion Magnification defined as the number of times image enlarged from the size of object. Magnification is the ratio of an objects image to its real size. Light microscope has 1000 magnification that produces a clear image. To calculate total magnification, use magnification of objective lens magnification of ocular lens. Resolution is ability of lenses to distinguish between two points on an image and ability to distinguish adjacent objects as separate from one another under the microscope. The resolution of an image is limited by the wavelength of radiation used to view the sample. This is because when objects in specimen are much smaller than the wavelength of the radiation being used, they do not interrupt the waves, and are not detected. Immersion oil is special oil used in microscope work with the highest power objective lenses (100 lens). Oil is placed on top of the cover slip. 100 objective lens is brought into position so that it touches the oil and creates a bridge of oil between the slide and objective lens. Since, oil distorts images seen with dry lenses, so once oil was placed on a slide it must be cleaned off thoroughly before using the high dry lens again.

Question 1. (a) Objective lenses are the lenses closest to the object. There are typically three objective lenses on a microscope. They magnify the object 10, 40 or 100. When coupled with a 10 ocular lens, the total magnifications of 10 (10 times 10), 100, 400 and 1000. The shortest lens is the lowest power while the longest one is the lens with the greatest power.

(b) Ocular lens located in the upper part of the microscope that one looks into. Monocular microscopes have one ocular, while binocular microscopes have two oculars. Ocular usually magnifies the object 10. 2. There are three lenses between a specimen viewed with compound light microscope and its image on the retina eyes. Light rays from an illuminator passed through a condenser which has lenses that direct the light rays through specimen. Light rays pass into objective lenses. Image of specimen magnified again ocular lens (eyepiece). So the three lenses are condenser lenses, objective lenses and ocular lens.

3. When carrying a microscope, one hand holds the base and another hand holds the arm of the microscope. Wire of microscope must be placed out of dangerous way. Be careful while adjusting the fine or coarse knob to avoid the objective lens hits with slide. After used oil immersion lens and after lab session, all lenses should be

cleaned by lens paper. Remember to turn off the light when not using the microscope.

Conclusion We can use microscope to see organism which can be seen by naked eyes.