Power System Protection and Control

By

Vrushali Ravindra Borikar. Prerna Jairam Khobragade.

G.H. Raisoni Inst. of Engineering and Tech. for Womens, Nagpur.

Power System
Power system protection is the process of making the production, Transmission, and consumption of electrical energy as safe as possible from the effects of failures and events that place the power system at risk. Power system protection must determine from measurements of currents and/or voltages whether the power system is operating correctly.

Why need to protect Power System

A successful power system operation is highly stable, continuous and healthy supply of current in system. For Healthy power supply your system should be properly controlled and protected. The Protection of Power System: It can be done through various protective relay. For big power supply we need to use Power Control center OR Motor Control Centre Various faults occurring in power system: Transient fault: A transient fault is a fault that is no longer present if power is disconnected for a short time. Many faults in overhead power lines are transient in nature. At the occurrence of a fault power system protection operates to isolate area of the fault. Typical examples of transient faults include: Momentary tree contact. Bird or other animal contact. Lightning strike Conductor clash.

1. Persistent fault: A persistent fault does not disappear when power is disconnected. Faults in underground power cables are often persistent. Underground power lines are not affected by trees or lightning, so faults, when they occur, are probably due to damage. In such cases, if the line is reconnected, it is likely to be only damaged further. Symmetric fault: A symmetric, symmetrical or balanced fault affects each of the three-phases equally. In transmission line faults, roughly 5% are symmetric. This is in contrast to an asymmetric fault, where the three phases are not affected equally. Asymmetric fault: An asymmetric or unbalanced fault does not affect each of the three phases equally. Common types of asymmetric faults, Line-to-line. Line-to-ground. Double line-to-gro.

Ways to protect and control power system

1. Power Control Center: Power Control Centre is used for distribution and control of various power source used in industry. Normally Power Control Centers is installed near power source hence fault level is high. 2. Motor Control Centre: A motor control center (MCC) is an assembly of one or more enclosed sections having a common power bus and principally containing motor control units.

Summary
Most automatic controls are local. Protective relays that isolate faulted equipments operate locally but are very fast. With communication from other parts of network, they have great control for fast control.
Node voltage can be controlled by transformer taps and shunt reactance.

Secondary frequency control of generator governor set points is the only area wide control used today.

References:1. Mason, C. Russell. "The Art and Science of Protective Relaying".

2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_system_protection.

Contact Information:1. Vrushali R. Borikar Contact No:-9503430017 E-mail:-vrushali180@gmail.com 2. Prerna J. Khobragade

Contact No.:-8237675443 E-mail:-prernakhobragade@yahoo.com