Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
: Skidmore Owings & Merril Location : Guangzhou Client : China National Tobacco Company Area o f bldg : 212,165 sqm Height of bldg: 71 storeys, 310m Architect Climate of Guangzhou: Harsh climate with poor air quality hot and very humid subtropical
Guangzhou, China
The Chinese government set the goal of reducing carbon emission by 10% by the end of 2010. Guangzhou experiences some of the worst air pollution & is the major focus of an environmental initiative.
4 steps: Step 1 : Reduction Step 2 : Reclamation Step 3 : Passive Absorption Step 4 : Generation
Guangzhou, China
radiant cooling chilled radiant ceiling through perimeter chilled beams is used instead of normal ventilation and air conditioning. Cold water pumped (at approx 14.5deg C) through copper pipes in the slab which cool curved metal plates used for the ceiling system and metal fins for the perimeter, consequently cooling the surrounding air. chilled air cools the office space below and above. displacement ventilation provides only fresh air that is cooled by the chilled-water system and delivered via a raised access floor. Radiant cooling with floor fed ventilation (FFV)
Guangzhou, China
high performance glazing
internally ventilated double wall with blinds on northern & southern faade faade on the eastern and western sides is made of triple glazed glass which helps insulate the buildings interior.
Guangzhou, China
The faade features an internally ventilated double wall system that incorporates motorized venetian blind system controlled by PV cells that track the sun movement. The exterior glazing will take form of insulated, tempered glass with low-E coating, inner layer will be operable for maintenance
Guangzhou, China
chiller heat recovery generator heat recovery exhaust air heat recovery
Using double walls with mechanized blinds on the northern and southern facades, insulates the interior and traps some heat in the double walls this heat is used in the de-humidification system to tackle the humidity in the city. Hot air is vented to the north face and is drawn out through a stack effect. Cool air is brought in at night to cool the thermal mass of the building. Condensate reclamation system. Harvests water from chilled surfaces to control interior humidity. Water is filtered and used for interior plantings and toilet flushing.
Guangzhou, China
Solar energy is collected within the double wall faade. The energy is transferred to the mechanical floors and is used as heating for the dehumidification system
Guangzhou, China
SOLAR TECHNOLOGY
Guangzhou, China
SUN PATH DIAGRAMS GENERATED TO STUDY LOCATION OF PV PANELS ON THE BUILDING FAADE
Wind builds positive pressure on the windward side of the building - through vortex shedding around the sides and over the top of the building creates large pockets of negative pressure on the leeward side. But if the air is allowed to pass through the building the differential pressure is reduced from front to the back, as are forces on the building
Guangzhou, China
Guangzhou, China
placing one vertical-axis wind turbine within each of the four openings takes advantage of the increased power potential of the airstream and provides power year round. The addition of the four opening also results in structure-related cost savings.
Guangzhou, China
Guangzhou, China
High Performance Envelope Exposed Thermal Mass Daylight & Solar control Natural Ventilation to Tower Piped Ventilation to Laboratory & Workshop
winter
summer
NORDDEUTSCHE LANDESBANK,
Germany
Architect : Behnisch, Behnisch & Partners Location : Hannover Client : Norddeutsche Landesbank, Hannover Area o f bldg : 75,000 sqm Height of bldg: 70m Climate of Hannover: warm summer continental climate
Hannover,
Behnisch, Behnisch & Partners strategy for the perimeter block and central tower was to create a building that is energy efficient, ensures worker comfort, and responds to and engages the urban context. To improve the buildings efficiency to surpass the 1997 German insulation regulations by 10%, and then to create environmentally sensitive measures at reasonable cost. The energy consumption for winter heating is comparatively low, attention was focussed on the reduction of costlier environmental necessities ventilation, cooling and lighting.
LAYOUT PLAN
NORDDEUTSCHE LANDESBANK,
Germany LOW CARBON DESIGN ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES:
Hannover,
The ground floor is forms a major part of the building's energy concept. The landscaped courtyard & water elements Roof gardens & contribute to improving the micro climate of landscaped court created the interior. This 'good' air, is introduced into to alter the micro-climate the space between the double faade is also be used to ventilate the building, cooling it down at night. chimneys offices do not have any air-conditioning Due to the earth's capability to store cool air, a soil-heat-exchanger located beneath the foundation passes this air to the floor slabs, releasing it into the building. The fresh air from the inner court is led under the building into the cavity facade. pollution control
Window ventilation
sun protection
Ventilation system
NORDDEUTSCHE LANDESBANK,
Germany
VENTILATION The Nord/LB uses an almost entirely passive ventilation system. Fresh air is supplied by shutter that open onto the courtyard This microclimate provides the building with air that is perhaps even cleaner and more refreshing that outside air, or the air that would be provided using a conventional mechanical system. Air is vented from the offices and similar rooms through a suspended ceiling system to the corridor, and from there to the large passive vents or chimneys that exhaust air to the roof. Room occupants are able to control the air flow with transom casement windows. As the hot stale air rises out of the building, more cool fresh air is drawn in from the courtyard below.
Hannover,
NORDDEUTSCHE LANDESBANK,
Germany
COOLING Cooling is achieved with a radiant slab cooling system and a geothermal heat exchanger. The concrete foundation piles (120 of them) are sunk approximately 30 metres below ground and have water pipes embedded in them. Water is pumped through the piles to the buildings exposed concrete ceilings that have polyethylene pipes cast into them. lighting combined with ambient and computer equipment heat sources heat the ceiling slabs during the summer days. Cold water (about 17/C) is pumped through the pipes at night, adsorbing the heat accumulated in the slab over the course of the day, and cooling for the day ahead.
Hannover,
embedded cooling pipes cool fresh air that is taken in through shutters on the building face and exhausted through chimneys
NORDDEUTSCHE LANDESBANK,
Germany
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS glazing systems used on the different faces of the Nord/LB are differently conceived A system of operable thermal glazed windows and external louvers is used The north and west facades next to noisy roads, have an additional layer of glass to protect from fumes and noise sunshades are controlled both centrally by computer and by controls within each room. The upper slats function like a series of light shelves that reflect light up and on to the ceiling to provide ambient lighting (and passive heating in the winter).
Hannover,
The lower slats reflect light away from the building, to reduce solar gain and glare, while still allowing the occupant to see outside. The louvers are set off away from the building line to allow a layer of air to flow behind them and up the building face.
WINDCATCHERS
buildings
TRADITIONAL WINDCATCHERS
found in Middle East, Pakistan & India 2 types of unidirectional & multidirectional
Shaft rising high above the building with an opening facing the prevailing
wind and constructed on the north It traps the cool air and channels it down into the interior of the building The size of the shaft is determined by the external air temperature. If the air temperature is high, a smaller size is required and if it is low, a larger size is preferred To increase the humidity a marble plate with wavy patterns was provided with a source of water
WINDCATCHERS
buildings
WINDCATCHERS
buildings
MULTI-DIRECTIONAL WINDCATCHERS
evaporative cooler
WINDCATCHERS
buildings
Visitor Centre at Zion National Park, US PASSIVE AIR COOLING TOWER Combination of wind catcher & modern
devices
Large upswing swivel scoop to create larger air flows Exhaust swivels to keep away from air flow Wind can blow from any direction Water tank & pump provided to circulate & evaporate water to cool the air Passive air cooling tower
WINDCATCHERS
buildings
MODERN INTEPRETATION OF WINDCATCHERS MONODRAUGHT Provides light & ventilation Fully automatic with dampers, sensors, adjustable ceiling ventilators temperature sensors are normally set to start opening at 16C during the summer months and open 20 % for every one deg C in internal room temperature. CO2 sensors distributing fresh air throughout a building when the carbon dioxide levels become too high and ensure the hot air is removed. in winter unit is closed and only allows fresh air to enter