Mark Lester Conde 2011 Lab partner: Solubility Behavior of Organic Compounds

November 16,

I. Objective To be able to determine the structures of substances by means of studying the solubility behavior of these substances. II. Schematic Diagram of the Procedure Place 5 drops of the solvent in the micro test tube. Add 1-2 drops or a small pinch of the test compound and mix vigorously. Record the solubility as (+) for soluble and (-) for insoluble. Test each compound following the flowchart in figure 1.

Test the solubility of each compound in water and record the solubility. Test the solubility of water-soluble compounds using ether. On the other hand, use 5% NaOH for the water-insoluble substances. The compounds are soluble even if they dont dissolve completely, as long as it is more soluble in the solvent than in water.

Test the solubility of compounds soluble in 5% NaOH using 5% NaHCO3. Use 5% HCl for compounds that are insoluble in 5% NaOH.

Test the solubility of compounds with no nitrogen or sulfur and are insoluble in 5% HCl using concentrated H2SO4. Observe any manifestations of a reaction.

Figure 1 III. Table of Reagents/Products Rgt/Pdt Acetone Aniline Benzyl alcohol Colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor Pleasant almondlike odor Benzoic acid Benzamide Colorless crystalline solid Structure Physical Properties Colorless, mobile, flammable liquid Colorless, flammable, unpleasant odor Hazards Flammable Toxic Causes irritation to skin eyes and respiratory tract; flammable Causes irritation to skin eyes and respiratory tract; flammable Irritating

Benzaldehyde

Off-white solid Ethyl alcohol Hexane Volatile, flammable , colorless liquid Colorless liquids at room temperature; boiling points between 50 and 70 C; gasoline-like odor White crystalline so lid

Harmful if swallowed; has carcinogenic effects Flammable Flammable, poisonous

Phenol tert-Butyl chloride

Toxic, corrosive Toluene Colorless, liquid organic compound at room temperature Clear, waterinsoluble liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners White, odorless, crystalline powder with a sweet taste IV. Set-ups V. Waste disposal -Aqueous solutions should be diluted and poured into the sink. -Remaining compounds must be disposed into the proper organic waste container. VI. Data sheet Flammable

Sucrose Flammable, irritating to skin Combustible