SAP TECHED 03 BASEL

SHARED OBJECTS IN ABAP

ABAPA254

Exercises / Solutions

HOLGER JANZ, SAP AG

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SHARED OBJECTS IN ABAP With shared objects in ABAP it is possible to share common data on one application server of a SAP system between different user session. In the first exercise you will define your own shared object area and use it to share sample data between two different programs. In the second exercise you will adapt the shared object area for high availability and automatic preloading. All exercises are done by a team of two. Because all teams will work within the same SAP system, the names of global objects must be uniquely for every team. For this reason all global names used in this description will end with XX. The speaker will give every team a unique number. Please, substitute the XX in all global names with your team number (e.g. ZCL_MY_AREA_XX becomes ZCL_MY_AREA_01 for team number 1). All object to be created are only system local object so no transport request is necessary. Exercise 1 In this exercise you will define a shared objects area and an appropriate root data class. The root data class should have at least one instance attribute of type string and must be shared memory enabled. After this two programs should be written. One program to write data to the shared objects area and another program to read data from the shared object area. The data can be displayed by using ABAP list commands (e.g. write). In the second part of this exercise the shared object area should be checked using the shared object area monitor. Identify your shared object area and use the object browser to browse the data. At the end use the monitor to free your shared object area. The following 7 steps should be accomplished to work out this exercise: 1. Define a root data class ZCL_SHM_AREA_ROOT_XX (please, substitute XX with your team number) 2. Define a shared object area ZCL_SHM_AREA_XX 3. Write a program ZWRITE_AREA_XX to fill the shared object area with data 4. Write a program ZREAD_AREA_XX to read and display the data from the shared object area 5. Use the shared object area monitor to identify your shared object area ZCL_SHM_AREA_XX 6. Browse the data of your shared object area using the shared object monitor 7. Delete your shared object area instance using the shared object monitor In the following section all steps will be described and illustrated with screen shots.

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1. Define a root data class ZCL_SHM_AREA_ROOT_XX Please, substitute XX with your team number. Use the class builder (transaction SE24) to create a new class.

Type in a description and click save.

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Define at least on instance attribute of type string.

Activate checkbox "Shared memory enabled".

Save and activate the class

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2. Define a shared object area ZCL_SHM_AREA_XX Use the shared object area manager (transaction SHMA) to create a new shared object area.

Type in a description and the data root class (created with step 1).

Save the shared object area.

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3. Write a program ZWRITE_AREA_XX to fill the shared object area with data Use the ABAP editor (transaction SE38) to create the program ZWRITE_AREA_XX.

Select the Type "Executable Program" and the Status "Test Program" and save.

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Write the source to attach for write to the area, create the root object, fill some attributes, set the root reference and commit your changes.

Activate and execute the program.

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4. Write a program ZREAD_AREA_XX to read and display the data of the shared object area Use the ABAP editor (transaction SE38) to create the program ZREAD_AREA_XX.

Select the Type "Executable Program" and the Status "Test Program" and save .

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Write the source to attach for read to the area, read and display some attributes and detach from area.

Activate and execute the program. Now you should get exactly the output of data created by the program ZWRITE_AREA_XX.

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5. Use the shared object area monitor to identify your shared object area ZCL_SHM_AREA_XX Use the shared object area monitor (transaction SHMM) to identify your shared object area.

6. Browse the data of your shared object area Double click on the area entry to navigate to the default instance and select the default instance (name of the default instance is $DEFAULT_INSTANCE$).

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Click on the icon

for the object browser.

Now you can browse through the shared object area instance by clicking on complex attributes. 7. Delete your shared object area instance using the shared object area monitor Go back to the start screen of the shared object area monitor by clicking the icon twice. In the area view select your area again.

Now click on the icon

to delete your shared object area.

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Now you have completed the first exercise. If you have still some time left, try to use internal tables and object references as instance attributes of your root data class.. After the second part of the presentation the exercise 2 should be accomplished.

Exercise 2 In this exercise some tests should be done. The shared object area should be adapted to pass the tests. This exercise is divided into two parts. First (2a) the result of running a reader (program ZREAD_AREA_XX) and writer (program ZWRITE_AREA_XX) using the same shared object area at the same time should be inspected. To extend the read attach time in ZREAD_AREA_XX the ABAP command WAIT should be used. The result of this test should be that the program ZWRITE_AREA_XX terminates with an exception. Versioning should be used to make it possible to run both programs without exception. In the second part (2b) a reader without preceding writer should be inspected. After deleting your area with the shared object area monitor starting the program ZREAD_AREA_XX will cause an exception. Automatic preloading and autostart at read request should be used to read the shared object area just with the program ZREAD_AREA_XX. Use the root data class as preloading class and adapt ZREAD_AREA_XX. The first read attach will fail because there is no active version but the loader was started. As soon as the loader is finished the read attach should be successful (use the ABAP command WAIT to wait a second for the next try of a read attach in program ZREAD_AREA_XX). In the following two sections all necessary steps will be described and illustrated with screen shots.

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Exercise 2a For this exercise the program ZREAD_AREA_XX should be adapted. The runtime of ZREAD_AREA_XX should be extended to make it possible to run the program ZREAD_AREA_XX and ZWRITE_AREA_XX at the same time. Use the ABAP statement WAIT UP TO 60 SECONDS to extend the runtime of ZREAD_AREA_XX.

Now start first the program ZREAD_AREA_XX and within the next 60 seconds start the program ZWRITE_AREA_XX in a new session. The result should be that the program ZWRITE_AREA_XX terminates with the exception CX_SHM_VERSION_LIMIT_EXCEEDED (the short dump UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTION occurred because the exception CX_SHM_VERSION_LIMIT_EXCEEDED was not caught). Why has this happened?

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Now the properties of ZCL_SHM_AREA_XX should be adapted that the short dump above does not occur any longer. Use the shared object area manager (transaction SHMA) to switch on versioning for your area (activate checkbox Versioning).

Save ZCL_SHM_AREA_XX and repeat starting ZREAD_AREA_XX and ZWRITE_AREA_XX. Now the exception should not occur anymore.

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Exercise 2b Before starting exercise 2b delete all previous instances of you shared object area (see exercise 1 step 7) and remove the WAIT statement from program ZREAD_AREA_XX. After this start program ZREAD_AREA_XX. The program ZREAD_AREA_XX should terminate with the exception CX_SHM_NO_ACTIVE_VERSION (short dump UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTION occurred). Now automatic preloading should be used to enable the writing of data into the shared object area at read request. First a preloading class should be defined. In this exercise the root data class ZCL_SHM_AREA_ROOT_XX is used. This class should implement the interface IF_SHM_BUILD_INSTANCE. Use the class builder (transaction se24) to edit ZCL_SHM_AREA_ROOT_XX.

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Implement the method IF_SHM_BUILD_INSTANCE~BUILD using the implementation of program ZWRITE_AREA_XX.

Save and activate your root data class. Now the properties of the shared object area ZCL_SHM_AREA_XX should be adapted in this way that the class ZCL_SHM_AREA_ROOT_XX is used as preloading class furthermore Automatic Preloading and Autostart for Read Request should be activated.

Save your shared object area.

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The last step of this exercise is to adapt the program ZREAD_AREA_XX for automatic preload at read request. Because the method ATTACH_FOR_READ do not wait until the automatic preloading has finished, the program has to wait for a second and try again. The first time the method ATTACH_FOR_READ will finish with the exception CX_SHM_NO_ACTIVE_VERSION. The first time the exception should be caught.

Now every time the program ZREAD_AREA_XX is started and there is no active version, the method IF_SHM_BUILD_INSTANCE~BUILD of the class ZCL_SHM_AREA_ROOT_XX is automatically called. The second try for a read attach should always return a valid handle. Now you have finished the last exercise for this work shop you may try just one other thing. Use the shared object area monitor to delete your shared object area and start the program ZREAD_AREA_XX again.

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