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A Hypotenuse Sin = =
Opposite side B
Cos = =
Adjacent side
Tan = =
Sin
= =
Cos = =
15 cm
Tan = =
17 cm
8 cm
Solution :
13 cm x
12 cm
x
C
Trigonometry II
5 cm Diagram 1
B
1
Example2 : In the diagram, AEC is a straight line. Sin ACB = and tan DCE = The length, in cm, of AE is Solution : B AB = 3 x 4 = 12 cm AC = 5 x 4 = 20 cm DC = 12 cm EC = 13 cm (Pythagoras Theorem) C Therefore, AE = AC EC = 20 13 = 7 cm
A E 5 cm D
12 cm
Solution :
x A 15 cm B
y 8 cm D
Trigonometry II
Example 3 : In the diagram below, PQRS is formed from two a right-angled triangles. Given that tan y = , find the value of sin x. P y 6 cm 16 cm x S R Q Solution : QR = 3 x 2 = 6 cm PQ = 4 x 2 = 8 cm PR = 10 cm (Pythagoras Theorem) Therefore, sin x = =
Exercise 3 : In Diagram below, ABC and BDE are two right-angled triangles. C Solution :
E 10 cm x A 9 cm B 8 cm D
Trigonometry II
If AB = 9 cm, BD = 8 cm, DE= 10 cm, and BE = CE, calculate the value of sin x. Example 4
5 cm P
Q R T
S
In the diagram above, QRS is a straight line . Given 5 3 cos QPS = and tan RTS = , find 13 4 the length of RT in Solution
5 , so PS = 13, 13 3 Given also RTS = ,then RS = 3, RT = 4, and QS = 6 cm 4
Given QPS =
Using Pythagoras theorem, QS is equal to 12 cm. 3 6 So, in ratio tan RTS = equal to . 4 1 2 Meaning RS = 6 cm and RT = 12 cm . Exercise4
10 cm
48o L
Based on the figure above, calculate the length of FL , in cm .
Trigonometry II
Example 5
H
5 cm
G E 7 cm F
In the diagram above FGH is a straight line . Given that tan HEF = 1 , thus tan HGE = Solution Since tan HEF = 1 =
H F EF HF + GF = EF 5 +2 = 7 =1 HGE is equivalent to EGF , 7 7 Tan EGF = , since HGE is greater than 90o , tan HGE = 2 2
Exercise 5
A 14 cm 8 cm 30o
In the diagram above, BCD is a straight line and AB is perpendicular to line BCD .Find BAC .
Trigonometry II
Example 6
R yo
xo P
In the diagram above , QRS is a straight line . 1 2 Given that sin xo = , find the value of 1 3 cos yo . Solution
1 2 Q R = , 1 3 P R By using Pythagoras Teorem Q P is equivalent to o y QP = 5 and R QR 12 Q P = So, cos R = , PR 13 y since o is greater than 90o , 1 2 yo = 1 3
sin xo=
Exercise 6
E 4 cm F 5 cm xo G G
In the diagram above ,FGH is a straight line . find the value of cos xo .
Trigonometry II
Exercise : 1
Diagram 1 shows a rectangle PQRS, where diagonal SQ = 17 cm and PQ = 15 cm.
15 cm 17 cm
x S
Diagram 1 Calculate the value of cos x. 2 Diagram 2 shows a triangle KLM. M 60 cm
DIAGRAM 13 x A
Trigonometry II
15 cm
8 cm Diagram 4
x A
Trigonometry II
Diagram 5 AMD and ABC are straight lines and AB = 6 cm, and ED = 20 cm. Given that cos x = find the length, in cm, of AD.
1 , 3
5 . 13
x A C Diagram 7
y D
1 . 2
If ACD is a straight line and AC = 5 cm, find the length of BD when sin y = 8 In Diagram 8 ABC is an equilateral triangle. C
Trigonometry II
y A
Diagram 8
If AXY is a right-angled triangle, find the value of sin y. 9 In Diagram 9, ABCD is a trapezium. 15 cm D C
24 cm y A 22 cm Diagram 9 If AD = 24 cm, DC = 15 cm and AB = 22 cm, find the value of cos y. 10 In Diagram 10, the area of square ABCD is 49 cm and the area of triangle CDE is 84 cm. A D B
x B C Diagram 10 Given that BCE is a straight line, find the value of cos x. E
Trigonometry II
10
TRIGONOMETRY II 1. The unit circle is the circle with radius 1 unit and its centre at origin. 2. 1 y
(x, y)
-1 a) Quadrant I II III IV Angle 0 < < 90 90 < < 180 180 < < 270 270 < < 360 y sin + tan + All + x cos +
b) sin = y = y
1 cos = x = x 1 tan = y x
3.
sin cos tan sin cos tan y 0 0 1 0 90 1 0 Undefined 30 180 0 -1 0 45 270 -1 0 Undefined 60 360 0 1 0 4. 900 Quadrant II 1800-Quadrant I Quadrant III - 1800 Quadrant IV 3600 - y 2700
1800
0, 3600
1/2 3 / 2 1 / 3
1/ 2 1/ 2 1
y
3 / 2 1/2 3
3600
3600
900
3600
y = sin x
-1
-1
-1
y
1 90 180 -1 II I O III IV -1 270 1 360 0 X
Examples and exercises : State the quadrant for the following angles in the table below. Angle Quadrant 42 I 70 100 II 136 197 205 275 354 Angle 19 265 289 126 303 80 150 212 Quadrant
REMEMBER QUADRANT I 0 < < 90 QUADRANT II 90 < < 180 QUADRANT III 180 < < 270 QUADRANT IV 270 < < 360
Trigonometry II
12
15.1 a) Determine whether the values of a) sin b) cos c) tan are positive or negative if
90 o 180
o
, 180
270
, and
270
360
y
1 90 180 -1 Sin + ALL O Tan + Cos + -1 270 Examples : i) Sin 142 ii) cos 232 iii) tan 299 1 0 360 X
Quadrant I II Sin + +
Tan + -
Trigonometry II
13
15.1 b)Find the values of the angles in quadrant I which correspond to the following values of angles in other quadrants. The relationship between the values of sine, cosine and tangent of angles in Quadrant II, III and IV with their respective values of the corresponding angle in Quadrant I is shown in the diagram below : QUADRANT II ( 90 180 ) Sin = sin ( 180 - ) Cos = cos ( 180 - ) Tan = tan ( 180 - ) QUADRANT III ( 180 270 ) Sin = - sin ( - 180 ) Cos = -cos ( - 180 ) Tan = tan ( - 180 ) QUADRANT IV (270 360 ) Sin = - sin ( 360 - ) Cos = cos ( 360 - ) Tan = - tan ( 360 - )
Example :
120
230
340
EXERCISES : Find the values of the angles in quadrant I which correspond to the following values of angles in other quadrants. ANGLE CORRESPONDING ANGLE IN QUADRANT I Sin 125 Sin = sin ( 180 - 125) = sin 55 Cos 143 Tan 98
Trigonometry II
14
Sin 200 Cos 245 Tan 190 Sin 285 Cos 300 Tan 315
15.1 c)Find the value of Sine, Cosine and Tangent of the angle between 90 and 360
TIPS :
If a calculator is used, press either
SIN
COS
or
TAN
Followed by the value of the angle and then Example : a) sin 145 b) cos 220 =
c) tan 92.5
Press Sin 1 4 5 =
Press cos 2 2 0 =
Press tan 9 2 . 5 =
display tan tan 9 tan 92 tan 92. tan 92.5 0.573 576
Exercises : Angle Sin 46 Cos 57 Tan 79 Sin 139 Cos 154 Tan 122 Sin 200 Cos 187 Tan 256 Value
Trigonometry II
15
15.1 d ) Find the angle between 0 and 360 when the values of sine, cosine and tangent are Given
TIPS :
If a calculator is used, press either
1 SIN
1 COS
or
1 TAN
0. 94
b) Cos
-0.64
c) Tan
0.625
Display
Cos
1
Press
Shift Tan
Display
Tan
1 1
Cos Cos
1
0
-0 -0. . 625 =
1
Tan
.
0. 9 0.625 4 =
1 Sin 32.00
Tan Tan
70.05 15 0. 94 = 70.05
32.00
-0.64 = 129.79
Tan
0.625 =
Sin Sin
Trigonometry II
16
1 Sin 0.1256 Cos 1 0.4356 1 Cos -0.6521 1 Cos -0.7642 1 Tan -1.354 1 Tan 0.7421 1 Tan 1.4502
15.1 e) Determine The Value Of Sin , Cos And Tan For Special Angles A 3030 2 3 45 60 B 1 D 1 Using Isosceles Triangle Sin 45 = 60 C B 1 C 2 1 2 A 45
Cos 30 =
Cos 45 =
Tan 30 =
1 3
tan
45=
sin
60 =
3 2
cos
60 =
Trigonometry II
17
tan 60 =
15.2 Graphs Of Sine, Cosine And Tangent 15.2.a) For each of the following equations, complete the given table and draw its graph based on the data in the table. i) y = sin x X Y 0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315 360
Trigonometry II
18
15.3 Questions Based on the Examination Format. 1. Which of the following is equal to cos 35 ? A. cos 145 B. cos 215 C. cos 235 D. cos325
2. Find the value of sin 150 + 2 cos 240 - 3 tan 225 A. -3.5 3. Sin 30 + cos A. 1 4 B. -1.5 60 = B. 1 2 C. 1 D. 0 C. 1.5 D. 2.5
4. Given that sin 45 = cos 45 = 0.7. Find the value of 3 sin 315 - 2 cos 135
Trigonometry II
19
A. -3.5
B. -1.5
C. 1.5
D. 2.5
B. 152 , 210
7. Given that sin = -0.7071 and 90 270, find the value of A. 135 B. 225 C. 45 D. 315
10.
y
(0,1) ( -1,0) O ( -1,0) The diagram shows the unit circle. The value of tan is A. -1.74 11. B. -0.57 C. -0.50 D. 0.87 (0.87,-0.50) (1,0) X
y
1
Trigonometry II
20
-1 O P -1
1 X
The diagram shows the unit circle. If P is (-0.7, -0.6), find the value of Sin A. 12
7 6
B. -
6 7
C. -0.6
D. 0.6
y
1 -1 O R (0.8, -0.4) -1 The diagrams shows a unit circle and R (0.8, -0.4). find the value of cos A. 0.8 B. 0.4 C. 1 D. 0.4 0.8 1 X
14. T 13 cm 5 cm Q R
21
Trigonometry II
X U
7 cm
In the diagram, PQRS is a straight line and R is the mid-point of QS. The value of cos x is 12 13 P 15 cm Q T 6 cm S 12 25 13 25 24 25
A.
B.
C.
D.
15.
R In the diagram, PQR and QTS are straight lines. Given that sin TRS = sin PQT = A. C. 16.
8 15 3 , then 5
8 1 5 D.
8 17
B. 8 17
Given that PQR is a straight line and tan x = -1, find the length of PR in cm. A. 6 17. B. 8 C. 10 D. 12
Trigonometry II
22
3 SQ In the diagram above, PQR is a straight line. Given that cos P = , find tan x. 5 4 1 5 3 A. B. C. D. 2 8 4 5 18.
3 JG In the diagram above, EFGH is a straight line. If sin H = , the value of tan x 5
= A.
4 5
B.
1 2
C.
1 3
D.
3 5
19.
The equation of the trigonometric function is A. y = sin x 20. B. y = -sin x C. y = cos x D. y = -cos x
Trigonometry II
23
is
B.
3 5
C.
3 5
D.
4 5
15.4 PAST YEAR SPM QUESTIONS Nov 2003, Q11 1. In Diagram 5, GHEK is a straight line. GH = HE.
7 cm
25 cm
E
1 3 C. x 1 2
G 5 A.
H J
1 2
13 cm
Trigonometry II
24
B.
1 2 1 3
D.
1 2 5
24 cm
C.
7 24
25
Trigonometry II
B.
24 25
D.
24 25
Nov 2004, Q 12 4. Diagram 6 shows the graph of y = sin x. The value of p is A. 90 B. 180 C. 270 D. 360
Nov 2005, Q11 6. It is given that cos = 0.7721 and 180 360. Find the value of A. 219 27 B. 230 33 Nov 2005, Q12 7. In Diagram 6, QRS is a straight line. 4 cm Q P C. 309 27 D. 320 33
Trigonometry II
26
Diagram 6
C.
H 12 cm x
y P (-3, 4)
16 cm
Diagram 6 13 cm F
r 0 x
8. Diagram 6 shows a quadrilateral EFGH. Find the value of x. A. 33 01 B. 40 33 JUNE 2004, Q14 9. In Diagram 7, O is the origin of a Cartesian plane. C. 49 28 D. 50 54
Trigonometry II
27
Diagram 7
y 1
90
1800
-1
D.
y 1
900
1800
-1
JUNE 2005, Q12 10. Which of the f ollowing graphs represents y = sin 2x for 0
y 1
x 180,?
90
180
-1 y 2
0
Trigonometry II
90
180
x 28
Diagram 5
Given cos x = A.
7 24
C.
7 24
D.
24 7
JUNE 2005, Q11 12. Given cos x = - 0.8910 and 0 x 360, find the values of x. A and B and NOV 13. It
M x0 N P y0
C. 153 D 153
.
A. B. C. 19o 27 230o33 309o27
6 30
-0.721 and =
0
Trigonometry II
29
D.
320o33
Diagram 6
Diagram 5 It is given that QST is a straight line and QS = 10cm. Find the value of tan xo.
Trigonometry II
30
5 C. 12 12 D. 5
B.
D.
JUNE 2006, Q13 17. In Diagram 6, PQR and TSQ are straight lines.
Trigonometry II
31
D. 4.91
3 4 3 D. 5 C.
It is given that QN = 13cm, MP = 24cm and N is the midpoint of MNP. Find the value of tan y0. 5 12 A. C. 13 13
Trigonometry II
32
5 B. 12
13 D. 12
NOV 2006, Q13 10 20. Which of the following represents the graph of y = cos x for 0 0 x 8 A.
B.
C.
Trigonometry II
33
D.
JUNE 2007, Q13 21. In Diagram 7, SPQ and PRU are right angle triangles. STQ and PTU are straight lines.
U S
T 20O P yo Q R
Diagram 7
Trigonometry II
34
A. B. C D.
S R xo
h cm
P
If tan xo = A. B. C. D. 5 15 16 20
12 cm
JUNE 2007 , Q15 23, A. Which of the following represents the graph of y = sin x for 0o x 369o
y
0.5
0
Trigonometry II
90
180
360O
x 35
B.
y
0.5
0 x
60O
180O
360O
C.
0.5
0 x
45O
180O
360O
D.
U
0 180
o
x 360O
-1
NOV 2007, Q11 In diagram 6, USR and VQTS are straight lines,
xo R
P T
Trigonometry II
yo Q V
36
Digram 6
It is given that TS = 29 cm, PQ = 13 cm, QR = 16 cm and sin xo = Find the value of tan yo A. B. C. D. 1 2 5 5 1 2 5 12 12 5
8 , 17
K(3,4)
0 J x
In Diagram 7, O is the origin and JOK is a straight line on a Cartesian plane. The value of cos is A. B.
4 5 3 5
Trigonometry II
37
C. D.
3 5 4 5
0
NOV 2007, Q13 10 25. Which of the following graphs represents y = Sin x for 0 0 x 8 A.
y 1
90O
x 180O
-1
B.
1 y
90O
180
O
C.
-1 1
90O
x 180
O
-1
y 1
90O
180
-1
Trigonometry II
38
JUNE 2008,Q 12 27. In Diagram 7, RTU is a right angled triangle RST and TUV are straight lines
U Digram 7
V
1 2 5
It is given that RS = 28 cm, TU = 15 cm and tan RUV = Find the length, in cm, of SU. A. B. C. D 23 22.63 17 15.73
1 , 2
9 0
x 2 0 7
A.
B. C D.
JUNE 2008,Q14 y 1
Trigonometry II
180o
-1
A.
180o
360O
-1
C 1
180o
360O
-1 D 1
y
180o
360O
Trigonometry II
40
h xo P Given sin xo = A. B. C. D.
k tan 30 o
k Diagram 6
k tan 30O
k cos 60 o
k cos 60o
NOV 2008, Q13 31. Which of the following represents the graph of y = tan x for 0 0 x 360 A. 1
y
0
180
o
x 360O
-1 B. 1
y
180
o
x 360O
-1
Trigonometry II
41
180
o
x 360O
-1
D.
180
o
x 360O
-1
Chapter 15 Trigonometry Exercise 1: Sin x = 1 2 , 1 3 Cos x =
ANSWERS
Exercise 2: CD = 17 Exercise 5 :
Exercise 4 : FL = 9cm
BAC = 28.96
3 5
Exercise 6 : Exercise:
Trigonometry II
42
15.1a) Angle 42 70 100 136 197 205 275 354 15.1 b. Angle 75 120 160 200 257 280 345
Angle 19 265 289 126 303 80 150 212 Value (Positive/ Negative) Cos + + +
Tan + + +
15.1 c ANGLE Cos 143 Tan 98 Cos 245 Tan 190 Cos 300 Tan 315 15.1 d Angle Sin 46 Cos 57 Tan 79 Sin 139 Cos 154 Tan 122 Sin 200 Cos 187 Tan 256 Sin 342 Cos 278 Tan 305 Value 0.7193398 0.5446390 5.1445 0.6560 -0.8987 -1.6003 -0.3420 -0.9925 4.01078 -0.30901 0.13917 -1.42814 CORRESPONDING ANGLE IN QUADRANT I Cos 37 Tan 82 Cos 65 Tan 10 Cos 60 Tan 45
Trigonometry II
43
15.1 e VALUE 1 Sin 0.7654 1 Sin -0.932 1 Sin 0.1256 1 Cos 0.4356 1 Cos -0.6521 1 Cos -0.7642 Tan 1 -1.354 1 Tan 0.7421 1 Tan 1.4502 ANGLE 49..94 68.74 7.215 64.17 49.29 40.16 53.55 36.57 55.411
15.3: EXAMINATION FORMAT QUESTIONS No Answer No 1 D 11 2 A 12 3 C 13 4 B 14 5 A 15 6 A 16 7 A 17 8 B 18 9 C 19 10 B 20 15.4 Questions JUN 2004, Q13 JUN 2004, Q14 JUN 2005, Q12 JUN 2005, Q13 JUN 2005, Q11 JUN 2006, Q15 JUN 2006, Q16 JUN 2006, Q17 JUN 2007, Q13 JUN 2007, Q14 JUN 2007, Q15 JUN 2008, Q12 JUN 2008, Q13 Answers C B C B C D A C A D D C A Questions NOV 2003, Q11 NOV 2003, Q12 NOV 2004, Q11 NOV 2004, Q12 NOV 2004, Q13 NOV 2005, Q11 NOV 2005, Q12 NOV 2006, Q11 NOV 2006, Q12 NOV 2006, Q13 NOV 2007, Q11 NOV 2007, Q12 NOV 2007, Q13 NOV 2008, Q11 NOV 2008, Q12
Answer C B C D B D A C B D
Answers A D D A B A D B C B D B C B A
Trigonometry II
44
Trigonometry II
45