Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
x Q2
N
1 x 1 Q2 1 N
Statement w varies directly as x and y P varies directly as q and r2 s varies directly t and inversely as u d varies directly as e2 and inversely as f R varies inversely as M and
N
xy q r2
t u
e2 f
M N M N 4 steps to solve problems involving variations: STEP 1 : Change the statement using the symbol . STEP 2 : Write down the equation connecting the variables using k as the constant of variation. STEP 3 : Find the value of k. STEP 4 : Find the value of variable required.
A) DIRECT VARIATION
Variations 57
EXAMPLE 1:
1 when Q = 2. 3 Express P in terms of Q and find the value of P when Q = 18.
P Q P = kQ 1 = k(2) 3 1 = 2k 3 1 k = 6
, k = constant
P=
1 6
18
P=3 Exercises:
1.
Given that y varies directly as x and y = 15 when x = 5. a) Express y in terms of x. b) Find the value of y when x = 4.
2.
Given that P Q 2 and P = 10 when Q = 2. a) Express P in terms of Q. b) Find the value of P when Q = 4.
3. Given that y varies directly as x and y = 6 when x = 9. c) Express y in terms of x. d) Find the value of y when x = 25.
Variations 58
4. It is given that m varies directly as n 3 and m = 32 when n = 2. Express m in terms of n 1 and find the value of m when n = . 2
EXAMPLE 2 : P varies directly as x 2 where x = 5 + y. Given that P = 72 when y = 1. a) Express P in terms of x. b) Find the values of y when P = 200. STEP 1 : Symbol P x2 STEP 2 : Equation P=kx2 , k = constant STEP 3 : Find the value of k, substitute and x = 5 + y in the above equation: P = k(5 + y) 2 Then substitute P=72 and y = 1, 72 = k(5 + 1) 2 72 = 36k 72 k= 6 k=2 THEN, substitute k = 2 in the equation P = k x 2 HENCE, P=2x2
STEP 4:Find the value of y when P = 200 by substitute x = 5 + y 200 = 2(5 + y) 2 100 = (5 + y) 2 100 = 5 + y 10 = 5 + y y = 10 5 and y = -10 5 y=5 and y = -15 M varies directly as x 2 where x = 3 + y. Given that M = 64 when y = 1. a) Express M in terms of x.
59
Exercises: 1.
Variations
2.
Given that T S 2 and S = 2w 3, and T = 12 when W = 1. a)Express T in terms of S b)Find the value of T when W = 5
B) INVERSE VARIATION
EXAMPLE 1: Given that y varies inversely as x and y = 6 when x = 4. Express y in terms of x and find the value of y when x = 3.
1 x k y= x k 6= 4 k = 24
, k = constant
k . x 24 y= x
y=
24 3
y=8 Exercises:
1. Given that y varies inversely as x and x = 4 when y = 3. a. Express y in terms of x. b. Find the value of y when x = 6.
Variations 60
6 9
4
61
6. The table below shows some values of the variables M and N such that N varies inversely
as the square root of M. M N 4 6 36 2
C) JOINT VARIATION
EXAMPLE 1: (DIRECT VARIATION & DIRECT VARIATION) y varies directly as x and z. Given that y = 12 when x = 2 and z = 3. a) Express y in terms of x and y, b) Find the value of y when x = 5 and z = 2.
, k = constant
Exercises: 1. p varies directly as q and r. Given that p = 36 when q = 4 and r = 3. a) Express p in terms of q and r, b) Find the value of p when q = 3 and r = 3.
Variations 62
2. Given that y mn and y = 20 when m = 2 and n = 5. a) Express y in terms of m and n b) Find the value of y when m = 3 and n = 4.
EXAMPLE 2: ( INVERSE VARIATION & INVERSE VARIATION) Given that y varies inversely as x and z. y = 10 when x = 2 and z = 4. Express y in terms of x and z, then find the value of y when x = 4 and z = 5. 1 STEP 1 : Symbol y xz k STEP 2 : Equation y= , k = constant xz k STEP 3 : Find the value of k, 10 = 2( 4) k = 80 THEN, substitute k = 80 in the equation y = HENCE,
k . xz 80 y= xz
8 0 y = 4(5) 80 y= , y = 4. 20
1 x y
Variations
63
2. Given that y d = 4.
EXAMPLE 3 (DIRECT VARIATION + INVERSE VARIATION) 1. Given that y varies directly as x and varies inversely as v and y = 10 when x = 4 and v=5. a) Express y in terms of x and v b) Find the value of y when x = 2 and v = 15. x STEP 1 : Symbol y v kx STEP 2 : Equation y= , k = constant v k4 STEP 3 : Find the value of k, 10 = 5 50 = 4k 25 k= 2 25 kx THEN, substitute k = in the equation y =. 2 v 25 x HENCE, y= 2v 25 ( 2) STEP 4:Find the value of y when x = 2 and v = 15, y = 2(15 ) 5 0 5 y= , y= . 3 0 3 Exercises: 1. M varies directly as N and varies inversely as P and m = 6 when N = 3 and P = 4. a) Express M in terms of N and P. b) Calculate the value of M when N = 5 and P = 2.
Variations
64
2. Given that w
x= 18 and y = 36.
3. F varies directly as G to the power of two and varies inversely as H. Given that F = 6
when G = 3 and H = 2, express F in terms of G and H. Find the value of G when F = 27 and H = 4.
4. Given that S
2 and M = -4.
5. Given that p varies directly as x and inversely as the square root of y. If p = 8 when x = 6
and y = 9. a. express p in terms of x and y, b. calculate the value of y when p = 6 and x = 9.
Variations
65
EXAMPLE 4: The table shows some values of the variables d, e and f. d e f Given that d 12 9 4
e f
10 25 m
e f e f
d=
, k = constant
10 =
16
10m = 16 10m = 80 m = 10 Exercises: 1. The table shows the relation between three variables D, E and F. D 2 1 2 Given that D E 3 6 F 4 m
5,
25 m
Variations
66
2. The table shows some values of the variables w, x and y, such that w varies directly as the square root of x and inversely as y. w 18 3 x 9 K y 2 36
Objective Questions 1. The table shows relation between the variables, x and y. If y x , find the value X Y A. 10 7 B. 14 5 2 5 C. 8 7 M D. 35 2 of m.
2.
Variations 67
m n
2 9
X 25
The table shows the relation between the variables, m and n. If m varies inversely as the square root of n, then x = A. 18 25 B. 6 5 C. 28 3 D. 50 9
3. It is given that y
A. 5
B. 6
C. 12.5
D. 25 1 , express y in terms of x. 3 3 D. y = 5x
B. y = 15x
C. y =
5 3x
B. P = 6
C. P =
6 Q
D. P =
18 Q
7. The relation between the variables, P, x and y is represented by P x m y n . If P varies directly as the square of x and inversely as the cube of y, then m + n = A. -1 B. 1 C. 5 D. -6
8. Given that y varies directly as x n . If x is the radius and y is the height of the cyclinder whose volume is a constant, then the value of n is A. -2 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
9. The table shows the corresponding values of d and e. The relation between the variables d and e is represented by d 1 4 9 16 e 30 15 10 7.5 Variations 68
A.e d
B. e
1 d
C. e
1 d
D. e
1 d2
10. T varies directly as the square root of p and inversely as the square root of g. This joint variation can be written as A. T
p g
B. T
p2 g
C. T
p g
D. T
p g2
11. It is given that m varies inversely as s and t. If m = 3 when s = 2 and t = 4, find the value of m when s = 2 and t = 6. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
1 H2
A. G =
9 H2
B. G =
27 H2
C. G =
243 H2
D. G =
243 H
13. d e f 6 3 2 8 X 5
The table shows the relation between the three variables d, e and f. If d value of x A. 6 14. It is given that y B. 10 C. 12
e , calculate the f
D. 13
Variations
69
A.
1 2
B.
1 2
C. -1
D. 2
15. F 6 12 G 9 m H 2 3
The table shows the relation between the three variables, F,G and H. If F varies directly as the square root of G and inversely as H, then the value of m is A. 3 16. S P M 2 3 4 3 1 X B. 9 C. 81 D. 144
The table shows the relation between the variables, S, P and M. If S the value of x A. 4 17. Given that p A. p =
9x2 2y
1 , calculate P M
B. 8
C. 16
D. 64
B. p =
2x2 9y
C. p =
x2 9y
D. p =
9x2 y
18. Given that y varies directly as x 2 and that y = 80 when x = 4, express y in terms of x A. y = x 2 19. w x y 2 12 9 3 24 m B. y = 5x C. y = 5x 2 D. y =
1280 x2
The table shows the relation between the three variables, w, x and y. If w the value of m A. 2 B. 4 C. 8
x y
, calculate
D. 16
Variations
70
20. If M varies directly as the square root of N, the relation between M and N is A. M
B. M
N2
C. M
1 2
D. M
1
1
N2
PAST YEAR QUESTIONS 1. SPM 2003(Nov) Given that p is directly proportional to n 2 and p = 36, express p in terms of n A. p = n 2 B. p = 4n 2 C. p = 9n 2 D. p = 12n 2
2. SPM 2003(Nov) w x y 2 8 4 3 18 n
The table shows some values of the variables, w, x and y which satisfy the relationship w
x y
A. 6
3. SPM 2004(Nov) P varies directly as the square root of Q. The relation between P and Q is 1 1 1 A. P Q 2 B. P Q 2 C. P Q2 4. SPM 2004(Nov) P 3 6 M 8 w r 4 9
D. P
1 Q2
The table shows the relation between the three variables p, m and r. Given that m , calculate the value of w r A. 16 5. SPM 2004(Jun)
Variations 71
B. 24
C. 36
D. 81
A. 16 6. SPM 2004(Jun)
B. 24
C. 32
D. 48
B.
1 2 w
C. p = 3w
D. p = 12w
7. SPM 2005(Nov) The table shows some values of the variables x and y such that y varies inversely as the square root of x. x y 4 6 16 3
B.
12 x
C.
3 2 x 8
D.
96 x2
8. SPM 2005(Nov) It is given that y varies directly as the square root of x and y = 15 when x = 9. Calculate the value of x when y = 30. A. 5 B. 18 C. 25 D. 36 9. SPM 2005(Nov) The table shows some values of the variables w, x and y such that w varies directly as the square of x and inversely as y. W 40 M Calculate the value of m. A. 90 x 4 6 y 2 4
B. 45
C. 30
D. 15
B. 9
C. 12
D. 15
P varies directly with the square of R and inversely with Q. It is given that P = 2 when Q = 3 and R = 4. Express P in terms of R and Q. 4Q 32 Q 3R 2 3 R A. P = B. C. D. P = 2 Q 8Q 3 R 3R 12. SPM 2006(Jun) It is given that y varies inversely with x and y = 21 when x = 3. Express y in terms of x. A. y = 7x B. y =
x 7
C. y =
1 63 x
D. y =
63 x
It is given that Y varies directly with the square of V and inversely with W. Find the value of m. 5 4 1 0 A. B. C. D. 3 9 9 6 25 14. SPM 2007(Nov) Table 1 shows some values of the variables x and y. x y 2 4 n 32
It is given that y varies directly as the cube of x. Calculate the value of n. A. 4 B. 8 C. 16 D. 30 15. SPM 2007(Nov) P varies inversely as the square root of M. Given that the constant is k, find the relation between P and M. A.
P = kM
1 2
B. P =
k M
1 2
C. P = kM
D. P =
k M2
Variations
73
The relation between the variables x, y and z is x and z = 8. Calculate the value of z when x = A. 2 17. SPM 2007(Jun) It is given that P varies inversely with Q and P = between P and Q. 4 A. P = Q 5 18. SPM 2007(Jun) B. P = 1 Q 5 B. 18
5 and y = 6. 3 C. 32
D. 72
C. P =
D. P =
1 5Q
Table shows some values of the variables F, G and H that satisfy F F 20 108 Calculate the value of p. A. 5 B. 9 C. 10 G 2 6 H 3 p
G2 . H
D. 18
19. SPM 2008(Nov) Table shows some values of the variables R and T. It is given that R varies directly as T . R T Find the value of y. A. 24 20. SPM 2008(Nov) Given y varies inversely as x 3 , and that y = 4 when x = . Calculate the value of x when y = 1 . 1 6 1 A. B. C. 2 D. 8 8
Variations 74
54 36
72 y
B. 27
C. 48
D. 64
21. SPM 2008(Nov) It is given that P varies directly as the square root of Q and inversely as the square of R. Find the relation between P, Q and R. A. P
Q2
B. P
Q R
2
C. P
R2 Q
D. P
R Q2
It is given that p varies directly as the square root of w and that p = 5 when w = 4 . Express p in terms of w. A. p =
5 2 w 16
B. p =
80 w2
C. p =
5 w 2
D. p =
10 w
23. SPM 2008(Jun) Table shows some values of the variables m and n, such that m varies inversely as the cube of n m n Calculate the value of x. A.
4 27
1 2 2
x 3
B.
4 9
C. ANSWERS
9 1 6
D.
27 16
Chapter 21 Variations A) DIRECT VARIATION Example 1: No. 1. a) y = 3x b) y = 12 No. 2. a) P = 5 2 Q 2 b) P = 40 No. 3. a) y = 2x b) y = 50 No. 4. m = 1 3 1 n ,m= 2 1 6
No. 4. a) S =
20 r b) S = 4
75
No. 2. a) P =
2 x 3 b) P = 5
No. 3. a) y =
16 x2
b) y = 4 C) JOINT VARIATION Example 1: No. 1. a) k = 3, p = 3qr No. 2. a) k = 2, y = mn b) y = 24 Example 2: No. 1. k = 36, No. 2. k = 72, m= x y=
3 6 y
y=9 e=
3 2
72 , de 2
8N P
2 x 0 , y
M=
w= F=
w=2 G = 9
4G 2 , 3H
No. 4. k = 16,
S=
16 P , M3
p=
4x y
P = -8
D=
24 EF
x y
6. C 7. A 8. A
4.C 5.B
9. C 10. C
14.B 15.C
19. D 20. C
PAST YEAR QUESTIONS 1.B 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.B 11.A 12.A 13.C 14. A 15.B 16.B 17.D 18. A 19. C 20. C 21.B 22.C 23. A
Variations
77