Viral skin disease are common.

It range from the low level infection to high level that may cause severe problem to the person.

Warts Causative agent Warts are common and benign epithelial growths caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). This virus causes a rapid growth of cells on the outer layer of your skin. Signs and Symptoms Common warts are: Small, fleshy, grainy bumps Flesh-colored, white, pink or tan Rough to the touch Common warts usually occur on your hands. They may occur singly or in multiples. Warts may bleed if picked or cut and often contain one or more tiny black dots, which are sometimes called wart "seeds" but are actually small, clotted blood vessels. Other locations for warts Other types of HPV tend to cause warts in other places: Plantar warts. These occur on the plantar surfaces, or soles, of your feet. They usually look like flesh-colored or light brown lumps with tiny black dots in them. These dots are small, clotted blood vessels. Genital warts. A sexually transmitted infection, genital warts can appear on your genitals, in your pubic area or in your anal canal. In women, genital warts can also grow inside the vagina. Flat warts. These smaller warts generally occur on your face or legs. They're usually smoother than other types of warts. The common wart is the most common type: o It is a hyperkeratotic o flesh-colored papule or plaque studded with small black dots (thrombosed capillaries).

Diagnosis The clinical appearance alone should suggest the diagnosis. Skin biopsy may be performed, if warranted.

Treatment Therapy is variable and often challenging. Most modalities are destructive: cryosurgery, electrodesiccation, curettage, and application of various topical products such as trichloroacetic acid, salicylic acid, topical 5-fluorouracil, podophyllin, and canthacur. For stubborn warts, laser therapy or injection with candida antigen may be helpful. The immunomodulator imiquimod cream (Aldara) is a novel topical agent recently approved for treating condyloma acuminatum, and it might help with common warts as well, usually as adjunctive therapy. Sexual partners of patients with condyloma warrant examination, and women require gynecologic examination. Over-the-counter treatment for common skin warts has long been based upon the use of products containing salicylic acid. Newer nonprescription wart treatments use aerosols to freeze warts.

Salicylic-acid preparations These are available as drops, gels, pads, and plasters. They are designed for application to all kinds of warts, from tiny ones to great, big lumpy ones. Salicylic acid is a keratolytic medication, which means it dissolves the protein (keratin), which makes up most of both the wart and the thick layer of dead skin that often tops it. Nonprescription freezing methods Aerosol wart treatments available over-the-counter use sprays that freeze warts at a temperature of minus 70 F (minus 57 C). This compares with the liquid nitrogen used by most dermatologists, which is considerably colder (minus 320 F or minus 196 C). Duct tape It is claimed that warts can be "suffocated" by covering them with duct tape or other nonbreathing tape, such as electrical tape. This treatment is hard to use, however, because in order to work, the tape must be left in place all the time and removed only a few hours once per week. Almost always, the tape falls off. Cantharidin. a substance extracted from the blister beetle . Typically, the extract is mixed with other chemicals, painted onto the skin and covered with a bandage. The application is painless, but the resulting skin blister can be uncomfortable and may cause swelling. However, the blister has an important purpose. It lifts the wart off your skin, so your doctor can remove the dead part of the wart. Minor surgery. This involves cutting away the wart tissue or destroying it by using an electric needle in a process called electrodessication and curettage. However, the injection of anesthetic given before

this surgery can be painful, and the surgery may leave a scar. For these reasons, surgery is usually reserved for warts that haven't responded to other therapies. Laser surgery. Laser surgery can be expensive, and it may leave a scar. It's usually reserved for tough-to-treat warts. Other treatments and medications If you have a bad case of warts that hasn't responded to standard treatments, your doctor may refer you to a dermatologist for further treatment, including: Immunotherapy. This type of treatment attempts to harness your body's natural rejection system to fight off warts. Topical immunotherapy medications that may be prescribed for stubborn warts include squaric acid dibutylester and a gel called imiquimod (Aldara). Imiquimod is marketed for the treatment of genital warts but has also proved effective for treating common warts. However, warts may return when these therapies are stopped. Bleomycin (Blenoxane). Your doctor may inject a wart with a medication called bleomycin, which kills the virus. Bleomycin is used with caution for warts, but in higher doses, is used to treat some kinds of cancer. Risks of this therapy include nail loss and damage to the skin and nerves. Retinoids. Derived from vitamin A, these medications disrupt your wart's skin cell growth. Your doctor may prescribe a retinoid cream or an oral medication. These medications make your skin extra sensitive to the sun, so be sure to protect your skin from the sun while taking them. Refenence : A. Rockoff, W. C. S. Jr, & M. C. Stppler,. (n.d). Common warts. Retrived November 25, 2011 from http://www.medicinenet.com/warts_common_warts/article.htm Myco Clinic staff. (2010). Common warts: symtoms. Retrived November 24, 2011 from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/common-warts/DS00370/DSECTION=symptoms Myco Clinic staff. (2010). Common warts: treatmnet. Retrived November 24, 2011 from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/common-warts/DS00370/DSECTION=treatmentsand-drugs N. C. Cevasco, K. J. Tomecki,. (n.d). Common skin infections. Retrived November 25, 2011

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