1.

You are to design a procedure to determine experimentally the specific heat of an unknown liquid. You may not damage or destroy any equipment you use, and your method must be feasible and practical. (a) (b) (c) (d) List the equipment you would need. Include a labeled diagram. Describe the measurements you would make. Assign each measurement a symbol (such as time = t). Show explicitly using equations how the measured quantities would be used to determine the specific heat of the unknown liquid. Indicate one possible source of experimental error and discuss how it would affect your value for the specific heat. Justify your answer.

2.

You are given the following equipment for use in the optics experiments in parts (a) and (b). * A solid rectangular block made of transparent plastic * A laser that produces a narrow, bright, monochromatic ray of light * A protractor * A meterstick * A diffraction grating of known slit spacing * A white opaque screen (a) Briefly describe the procedure you would use to determine the index of refraction of the plastic. Include a labeled diagram to show the experimental setup. Write down the corresponding equation you would use in your calculation and make sure all the variables in this equation are labeled on your diagram. (b) Since the index of refraction depends on wavelength, you decide you also want to determine the wave- length of your light source. Draw and label a diagram showing the experimental setup. Show the equation(s) you would use in your calculation and identify all the variables in the equation(s). State and justify any assumptions you make.

3.

In the laboratory, you are given a metal block, about the size of a brick. You are also given a 2.0- m- long wooden plank with a pulley attached to one end. Your goal is to determine experimentally the coefficient of kinetic friction, k, between the metal block and the wooden plank. (a) from the list below, select the additional equipment you will need to do your experiment by checking the line to the left of each item. Indicate if you intend to use more than one of an item. ___ 200- g mass ___ motion detector ___ string (b) Draw a labeled diagram showing how the plank, the metal block, and the additional equipment you selected will me used to measure k. (c) briefly outline the procedure you will use, being explicit about what measurements you need to make and how those measurements will be used to determine k. ___ 10- g mass ___ balance ___ spring scale ___ meter stick

___ a toy bulldozer that moves at constant speed

4.

In the laboratory, you are given a cylindrical beaker containing a fluid and you are asked to determine the density of the fluid. You are to use a spring of negligible mass and unknown spring constant k attached to a stand. An irregularly shaped object of known mass m and density D (D >> r) hangs from the spring. You may also choose from among the following items to complete the task. A metric ruler A stopwatch String

(a) Explain how you could experimentally determine the spring constant k.

(b) The spring- object system is now arranged so that the object (but none of the spring) is immersed in the unknown fluid, as shown above. Describe any changes that are observed in the spring- object system and explain why they occur. (c) Explain how you could experimentally determine the density of the fluid. (d) Show explicitly, using equations, how you will use your measurements to calculate the fluid density . Start by identifying any symbols you use in your equations.

Symbol

Physical quantity

5.

Your teacher gives you two speakers that are in phase and are emitting the same frequency of sound, which is between 5000 and 10,000 Hz. She asks you to determine this frequency more precisely. She does not have a frequency or wavelength meter in the lab, so she asks you to design an interference experiment to determine the frequency. The speed of sound is 340 m/s at the temperature of the lab room. (a) From the list below, select the additional equipment you will need to do your experiment by checking the line next to each item. ___ Speaker stand ___ Meter stick ___ Ruler ___ Stopwatch ___ Tape measure ___ Sound- level meter (b) Draw a labeled diagram of the experimental setup that you would use. On the diagram, use symbols to identify what measurements you will need to make. (c) Briefly outline the procedure that you would use to make the needed measurements, including how you would use each piece of equipment you checked in (a). (d) Using equations, show explicitly how you would use your measurements to calculate the frequency of the sound produced by the speakers. (e) If the frequency is decreased, describe how this would affect your measurements.

6.

A world- class runner can complete a 100 m dash in about 10 s. Past studies have shown that runners in such a race accelerate uniformly for a time tu and then run at constant speed for the remainder of the race. A world- class runner is visiting your physics class. You are to develop a procedure that will allow you to determine the uniform acceleration au and an approximate value of tu for the runner in a 100 m dash. By necessity your experiment will be done on a straight track and include your whole class of eleven students. (a) By checking the line next to each appropriate item in the list below, select the equipment, other than the runner and the track, that your class will need to do the experiment. ____ Stopwatches ____ Meter sticks ____ Tape measures ____ Starters pistol ____ Rulers ____ String ____ Masking tape ____ Chalk

(b) Outline the procedure that you would use to determine au and tu , including a labeled diagram of the experimental setup. Use symbols to identify carefully what measurements you would make and include in your procedure how you would use each piece of the equipment you checked in part (a). (c) Outline the process of data analysis, including how you will identify the portion of the race that has uniform acceleration, and how you would calculate the uniform acceleration.