Mr.

Tornegard

2007-2008

Orthographic Drawing Basics

In order to represent objects on a sheet of paper in a manner that depicts the exact size, shape, and proportion we use three view drawings. They represent three views of an object as seen from different positions. Some objects can be shown in two views. It depends on the shape. The views should show the width, depth, and height of an object. Orthographic views can be pictured as a glass box surrounding an object where each face represents a view of the object. As the box is opened, each view is displayed in relation to its position in the box. See the picture below for details.

Architectural Drawing I

Hopewell Valley Central High School

Mr. Tornegard

2007-2008

Below is and example of how the primary faces of an object are selected and their views are projected onto paper.

Architectural Drawing I

Hopewell Valley Central High School

Mr. Tornegard

2007-2008

10 Seps to Creating a Orthographic Drawing

1) Consider the characteristic view 2) Determine the number of views 3) Locate views 4) Block views with light thin lines 5) Lay off the principal measurements 6) Draw principal lines 7) Lay off measurements for details (space 6 center for arcs, circles, and triangular ribs). 8) Draw the circles and arcs (Space 7). 9) Draw additional lines needed to complete the views 10) Brighten the lines where necessary to make them sharp and black and the proper thickness.

Architectural Drawing I

Hopewell Valley Central High School

Mr. Tornegard

2007-2008

Locating Measurements

After lines have been drawn to locate the views, it is necessary to make measurements for details and to draw the views. Measurements made on one view can be transferred to another to save the time of making them again and to ensure accuracy. Distances in the three directions width, height, and depth can be easily transferred. 1) Width measurements made on the front view can be located on the top view by drawing up from the front view. In like manner, the measurements can be projected down from the top view to the front view. 2) Height. Vertical measurements on the front view can be located on the side view by drawing a light line across the side view. Measurements can also be located on the front view and side view in like manner. 3) Depth measurements show as vertical distances in the top view and as horizontal distances in the side view. Such measurements can be taken from the top view to the side view by drawing arcs from a center by using a 45 deg triangle as shown above.

Architectural Drawing I

Hopewell Valley Central High School

Mr. Tornegard

2007-2008

Hidden and Center Lines Since it is necessary to describe every part of an object, everything must be represented, whether it can be seen or not. Such features are projected in the same way as for exterior features. The only difference is that parts that cannot be seen in the views are represented by hidden lines that are composed of short dashes. Center lines are used to locate views and dimensions. Center lines are used to show axes of symmetry for objects, holes and, circles. Holes are located with their center lines and use an annotation to show their diameter.

Architectural Drawing I

Hopewell Valley Central High School

Mr. Tornegard

2007-2008

Curves and Arcs

The fact that some curved surfaces such as cylinders and cones do not show as curves in all views is illustrated below. Images A F illustrate various examples.

Architectural Drawing I

Hopewell Valley Central High School

Mr. Tornegard

2007-2008

Examples of One, Two, and Three View Drawings

Architectural Drawing I

Hopewell Valley Central High School

Mr. Tornegard

2007-2008

Dimensioning

1) The object must be full dimensioned without over dimensioning. 2) Do not duplicate dimensions. 3) Dont assume distances 4) Prisms are located by surfaces, surfaces and axes, or axes. 5) Cylinders are located by axis and bases. 6) Center lines can be used as extension lines and are used to locate holes 7) Space first dimension approximately 3/8 from object and remainder apart 8) Precede radial dimensions with the letter R 9) Precede circular dimensions (diametric) with a symbol. 10) Locate cylinders by their center lines in the circular view.

Architectural Drawing I

Hopewell Valley Central High School