Quadratic Formula

if ax^2 + bx + c = 0 then

-b SQRT(b2 - 4ac) x = ------------------2a

Sum and Difference of Cubes

a^3 +or- b^3 = (a +or- b)(a^2 +or- ab + b^2)

Difference of Squares
a^2 - b^2 = (a+b)(a-b)

Equation of a Circle
x^2 + y^2 = r^2

Distributive Law
a(b + c) = ab + ac

Cummutative Law (Addition)

a+b=b+a

Associative Property (Addition)

(a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

Area of a Square
A = s^2 where s is the length of any side.

Area of a Rectangle
A = xy where x and y are adjacent sides (not opposite sides)

Area of a Circle
A = pi * r^2 where r is the radius of the circle

Area of a Triangle
1/2 * b * h where b is the length of the base and h is the height

Volume of a Cube
V = s^3 where s is the length of any side

Volume of a Sphere
(4/3) * PI * r^3 where r is the radius of the sphere

Surface Area of a Cube

Surface Area = 6s^2 where s is the length of any side

Surface Area of a Sphere

4 * PI * r^2 where r is the radius of the sphere

Complex (Imaginary) Numbers

i = SQRT(-1) i^2 = -1 1/i = -i SQRT(i) = SQRT(1/2) + SQRT(1/2)i

Midpoint Formula (of a line segment)

M = midpoint M(x,y)=(1/2(x1+x2),(1/2(y1+y2))

slope intercept
y=mx+b

Fundamental Trig Identities

(sin^2 x) + (cos^2 x) = 1 1 + (tan^2 x) = (sec^2 x) 1 + (cot^2 x) = (csc^2 x) tan x = (sin x)/(cos x) cot x = (cos x)/(sin x) cot x = 1/(tan x)

sec x = 1/(cos x) csc x = 1/(sin x) sin (-x) = -sin x cos (-x) = cos x tan (-x) = -tan x

Biology: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 p = recessive allele q = dominant allele p^2, q^2, and 2pq are percentages.

Vertex of a Parabola
When f(x)=ax^2+bx+c Vertex coordinates=(-b/2a, f(-b/2a))

Approximation for e.
This approximates e when x = 100, 1000, 10,000 , etc. the high you go, the closer it resembles e. 1 x 10^n = x. Theoretically, it should equal e as n approches infinity. However, on my calculator (TI-86), after n > 10^13 it stops working, and always equals 1. Funny how that happens. So it's a peculiarity. The formula, however, is ((x+1)/(x-1))^(x/2) Oddly simple, but it's a large amount of fun. Good calculating.

Sum of Interior angles of a n polygon

(n-2)(180) This formula will find the total sum of the angles of a convex polygon.

Volume of a cylinder
Volume = PI x r^2 x h where h is height of cylinder and r is radius of its cross-section

area of a trapezoid
(base one + base two) / 2 * height

Law Of Cosines
Given: two sides and INCLUDED angle, find third side works with any triangle: A triangle with sides a,b,c and angles opposite sides A, B, C (the upper caps are angles) C^2=a^2+b^2 +2abcosC If you notice, this Pythagorean "extended", cosine of 90 degrees is 0, therefore, if you have a right triangle, this works out, and now with ANY triangle. Cool huh?

UPDATE: Dear Fellow Students, I goofed on my first "Law of Cosines" entry, the following is updated: Given ANY triangle and the Side-Angle-Side situation, one can find the length of the third side. Ok, given three sides a, b, c, and opposite angles A, B, C (A is opposite side a, for example) the following is true: c^2 = a^2 + b^2 -2ab cosineC, and of course, if the included angle is 90 degrees, then the "2abCosC" term goes away, because Cosine 90=0. There ya go.

Point Slope
Y-Y1=M(x-x1)

Sum-to-Product Formulas
sin u + sin v = 2(sin((u + v)/2))(cos((u - v)/2)) sin u - sin v = 2(cos((u + v)/2))(sin((u - v)/2)) cos u + cos v = 2(cos((u + v)/2))(cos((u - v)/2)) cos u - cos v = -2(cos((u + v)/2))(sin((u - v)/2))

Volleyball Statistics
For those of you who are into sports, you may find the following interesting (there are a couple of formulas for more advanced v-ball stats included): K = kills E = attack errors (including being blocked) TA = total attacks (every attempt for a kill or side out) APCT or A% = attack percentage = ((K - E)/TA) A = assists SA = service aces SE = service errors RE = reception errors D = digs BS = solo blocks BA = assisted blocks [total blocks = (BS + (.5 * BA))]

BE = block errors BHE = ball handling errors

Frustum of Right Circular Cone

Volume = (1/3)PI(r^2 + rR + R^2)h Lateral Surface Area = (PI)s(r + R) Total Surface Area = PI[r(r+s)+R(R+s)] r = small radius R = large radius h = height s = slant height = SQRT[(R-r)2+h2]

Inscribed " Y " perimeter of thickness "T" inside of square with side "S"
perimeter of " Y " =( (sqrt(8)+1)xS) -((sqrt(8)-2))xT area of " Y "=((((sqrt(8)+1))/2 )xSxT)-((T/(sqrt(8)-2))^2

Volume of an Ellipsoid
(4/3)*pi*r1*r2*r3

Volume of a Pyramid
(b*h)/3 where b is the base, and h is the height

Area of an Ellipse
pi * r1 * r2 where r1 is the verticle radius and r2 is the horizontal radius

Area of a Parallelogram
b*h, b is base, h is height

Negative Exponents
n^-2 = 1/(n^2)

Law of Sines
SinA/a = SinB/b = SinC/c

In an ASA or an AAS triangle, find the remaining sides. In a SSA triangle, find an angle opposite a given side and then find the right side. Notice that 0,1, or 2 triangles are possible.

Equation of a Vertical Line

x=k (where k is a constant)

General Linear Equation

Ax + By + C = 0 (A and B not both 0)

Slope of a Line
m = rise/run = (y2 - y1)/(x2 - x1)

cosine and sin

In a triangle: Sides a,b, and c Angles A,B,C directly opposite their matching sides. I.E. A across from a sin2A=2sinAcosA c^2=a^2+b^2-2ab (cosC) when trying to find 'b' also use this formula......... b^2=a^2+c^2-2ac (cos B) notice angle B

Herron's Formula
Finds the area of any triangle given the length of its 3 sides: A=(s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c))^(1/2) where s= (a+b+c)/2

Surface Area of a Right Prisim

(2*L*W)+(P*H) L=length W=width P=perimeter of one side H=height

Average Deviations
Average value = measured values added together then divided by how many values there are. 10.123+10.013+9.987/3= 10.041 Deviations= measured values subtracted from Average value. 10.041-10.123=0.082 10.041-10.013=0.028 10.041-9.987=0.054 Average deviation= deviation values added together and divided by number of deviations involved. Then, place a -+ along with that number to the right of the average value. 0.082+0.028+0.054/3=0.01 Average deviation= 10.041 -+0.01

Temp. Formulas and Boiling & Freezing Points

Kelvin= Celsius +273 Celsius= Kelvin -273 Celsius= Farenhieght-32/1.8 Farenheight= (1.8)* Celsius +32 Freezing points (in degrees) Kelvin -------273 Celsius --------0 Farenheight ---32 Boiling points (in degrees) Kelvin -------373 Celsius ------100 Farenheight --212

difference of cubes
a^3-b^3=(a-b)(a^2+ab+b^2)

Volume of a " Cubic Yoid "

V = (355/2712)* [(SQRT{72})*S^2*T-9*S*T^2+(SQRT{2}+4)*T^3] S = Dimension of edge of cube which encloses the Yoid polyhedron T = Dimension of uniform cross sectional thickness *Note that S >= T*[(SQRT{5}+1)/2]

Area of Cubic Yoid

355 [ SQRT{72}xS^2xT - 9xSxT^2 + ( SQRT{2} + 4 )xT^3 ]x[( SQRT{8} + 1 )xS - ( SQRT{8} - 2 )xT ] AREA = ------ x --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2712 [(( SQRT{8} + 1 )xSxT/2 ) - (( T^2 )/( 12 - SQRT{128}))]

S = width or height of the Cubic Yoid T = edge or cross section depth #note that T =< Sx[( SQRT{5} - 1 )/2 ]

cross product of two vectors

(used to determine a vector perpindicular to a and b) (aXb)=(a2b3-a3b2, a3b1-a1b3, ab2-a2b1) where a and b are vectors and the values 1, 2, 3 represent components for the respective vector.

Cross-Product
where a and b are vectors a=(a1,a2,a3) b=(b1,b2,b3) aXb=(a2b3-a3b2, a3b1-a1b3, a1b2-a2b1) Finds a vector perpindicular to a and b.

distributive property w/ parents

a=b(c+d)+3 a=bc+bd+3

Difference of 2 cubes
x^3-y^3 = (x-y)(x^2+xy+y^2)

Heron's Formula
S= [s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)]^0.5

tan,sin,cos (by Cornelius M.)

tan x = sin x / cos x sin^2 x + cos^2 x = 1

sin^2 x / cos^2 x = tan^2 x (tan x)(cos x) = sin x by the way...... 1+1=2 1 + 1 = 10

Volume of a Rectangular Prism

L*W*H

Perimeter of a circle
(P=2[[pi]]r)

Perimeter of a Rectangle
(l+w)*2

Area of a Regular (Equalateral) Polygon

x(s) = n s^2/(4 tan(180/n)) Where: n=number of sides s=length of side

Parallel Lines Equation

For parallel lines do (x-1)(x+1)=0. They only solutions are -1 and 1. If you want more parallel lines (x-2)(x+2)=0 the solutions are -2 and 2. You can also do (x-1)(x+1)(x2)(x+2)=0 and this will give you the solutions -1, 1, -2, and 2.

Takes 1-year 1-Year for the Earth to revolve around the Sun
Proof of 1-Year or "the Earth around the Sun Radius=93,000,000 miles X 2 = 186,000,000 miles X Pi =584,337,600 miles in circumference. Earth Travels at 66,698 miles per hour around the Sun. SO--------Circumference C/V Velocity = 876 Hours/24 = 365 Days or 1 Year

Euler's Formula
My (and Euler's) favorite formula is i(pi) e +1=0 This equation (which includes the 3 basic operations, exponentation, multiplication, and addition, and also 5 big constants, e, i, pi, 1, adn 0) is gotten from the identity ix e =cos(x)+sin(x)i By the way, complex numbers can be written in polar form using i(theta) re =r<<theta when r is the radius and theta is the angle. </theta

the integral of a linear equation

integral(ax+b dx)=(a/2)x^2+bx+C C is a constant.

THE CIRCLE
Given any circle The Diameter is the measurement accross the circle. The radius is 1/2 of the given Diameter. The circumference of the circle is found by multiplying the Diameter X PI (3.1416)

surface area (in general)

SA=2(area of base)+(perimeter of base)height

area of a parallelogram
base*height+area of a parallelogram

Standard Form of a Linear Equation

Ax+By=C where x and y are subscripts. A, B, and C are INTEGERS and A and B are not both equal to zero. A,B or C cannot be fractions.

Laplace's Equation in spherical coordinates

^2V = (1/r^2)/r(r^2*V/r) + (1/r^2*sin(theta))/(theta)(sin(theta)V/(theta)) + (1/r^2*sin^2(theta))^2V/(phi)^2

Revolution of Reuleaux
V=[(710/339)-(126025/76614)]*{R}^3 V = volume of the solid of revolution where R = radius of one of the three arcs that form the perimeter of the Reuleaux triangle or the length of one of the sides of the inscribed equilateral triangle.

Area of a trapezoid
0.5(a+b)h a=longest base b=shortest base h=hieght of the shape

Reuleaux's Revolution Redux

A = [(710/113)-(252050/76614)]x{R}^2 A = area of the solid of revolution where R = radius of the arc(s) forming the perimeter of the Reuleaux triangle or the length of the side(s) of the inscribed equilateral triangle.

[13-({12}^0.5x(355/113))] O = ------------------------- x {R} [16-(1420/113)] O = centroid of the solid of revolution where R = radius of the arc(s) forming the perimeter of the Reuleaux triangle or the length of the side(s) of the inscribed triangle.

Volume and Area of a rectangle

LxWxH=V L w and h refer to lenth times width times height. The find the area, you go lxw which is lenth times width

TRIGNOMETRY EQUATIONS
In Trig, it helps to rememebr the equasions by SohCahToa which means Sin (Soh) is Opposite divided by Hypothesis; Cosin (Cah) is Adjacent divided by Hypothesis; Tan (Toa) is

Opposite divided by Adjacent. Heres an example for Tan (if the degree is 10* and the opposite is 48cm) Tan 10*= o/a Tan 10*= 48/a Tan 10*a= 48/a x a Tan 10*a= 48 Tan 10*=0.158384440324536293838883092694366 or 0.1583844 Tan 10*A/0.1583844a = 48/0.1583844 A=303.060149863244107374211096547387 =303.06015 Approximatly.

Addition/Subtraction Of Fractions
An way easier way to add/Subt. fractions: BD A C ___________ --- --- WHERE AS : A D + C B BD

It works on every fraction, and is easier than trying to find the common multiple, etc...

sequencial occurance of squares

Any square is determined by the difference of the prior two squares added to the the root of the square prior to the result. (x-1)(x-1) - x(x)= X+1(x+1)

formulae of an equilateral triangle

Area of circle using diameter

(pi*d^2)/4

surface area of a rectangular prism

2lh+2lw+2wh l=lenght, h=height, w=width

Temperature Formulas
hese are common temperature formulas.

Fahrenheit To Centigrade: 5/9 * (Fahrenheit - 32); note: .55555 = 5/9 Centigrade To Fahrenheit: (1.8 * Centigrade) + 32; note: 1.8 = 9/5 Centigrade To Kelvin: Centigrade + 273; Kelvin To Centigrade: Kelvin - 273; Fahrenheit To Kelvin: (5/9 * (Fahrenheit - 32) + 273 ); note: .55555 = 5/9 Kelvin To Fahrenheit: ((Kelvin - 273) * 1.8 ) + 32; note: 1.8 = 9/5

Carpenter's Arches

Least Square Method

Given a set of data points, we need to fit a straight line y = a + bx to these set of points such that the sum of squares of the distances to this straight line, y = a + bx, from the given set of point is a minimum. The normal equation is given by an + b*(Summation)x = (Summation)y a*(Summation)x + b*(Summation)x = (Summation)xy From these normal equations, the specific values of a and b can be determined.

To figure x^2 without multiplying (x*x)

Intended for use when base is a large number x^2 = (x/[exponent])*(x+x), when x is even x^2 = x * (x+1) - x, when x is odd 576^2= (576/2) *(576+576) = 288 * (1152) = 331776 576^2 = 331776 573^2 = 573 * (573+1) - 573 = 573 * 574 - 573 3238902 - 573

= 328329 573^2 = 328329 Now this may seem like more work but it will help to explain the mechanical action behind powers and roots. Please if you have any inpute on how to calulate x^3 for both even and odd numbers email me.

0 power
A^0=1

Trig Identity
sin(A + B)= sinA cosB + cosA sinB

Log Rules
log(A*B) = logA + logB log(A/B) = logA - logB log A^n = n*logA

Quadratic Formula
ax+bx+c=d

Triangle Ratios
Triangles and their ratios: SQRT means the Square root sign 30-60-90 right triangle| sides are in a 1:SQRT3:2 side ratio Isoceles right triangle| sides are in a 1:1:SQRT2 side ratio 3-4-5 Triangle and other multiples | 3:4:5 ratio

The six Trigonometric Ratios

The 6 Trig ratios and their abbreviations: 1. sine \ sin 2. tangent \ tan 3. secant \ sec The opposites (in corresponding order): 1. cosine \ cos

2. cotangent \ cot 3. cosecant \ csc

Area of a Rhombus
The area of a Rhombus: 1\2 times the product of its diagonals or in other words 1\2(d1+d2)=area of a rhombus

Division by zero
Division by zero is not allowed, giving a non-number.

Boolean Addition
Used with binary numbers 0's & 1's, the language of computers. 1+1=1 1+0=1 0+1=1 0+0=0

Rational Numbers
rational number is one that can be written as the ratio of two integers. For example 3=3/1, -17, and 2/3 are rational numbers.Most real numbers (points on the number-line) are irrational (not rational). The rational numbers are those which have repeating decimal expansions (for example 1/11=0.09090909..., and 1=1.000000...=0.999999...). They are also those which have terminating continued fraction expansions. Finally, the real number x is rational if and only if there are finitely many solutions to |x - a/b| < 1/b2.

Angular Momentum
To find the angular momentum of a spinning body, the formula is simple: M=Mass of the object V=Speed around the orbit R=Radius of the Orbit L=Momentum L=MVR

Experimental Probability
Experimental Probability equals: Number of times a succesful event has occured ---------------DIVIDED BY-----------------Number of trials

Inradius of a Right Triangle

inradius = (ab) \ (a+b+c) where a,b,and c are sides of the right triangle, c being the hypotenuse

Herrons Formula
A=(s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c))^(1/2) where s= (a+b+c)/2

Division by zero revision

When dividing by zero with a non zero or infinite numerator. the result is infinity

Electro-magnetic Flux
q = (Permitivity)*Flux = (E dA) * (permitivity) Flux is equal to the integration of the dot product of the Electromagnetic field vector by the Area vector ( normal to the surface)

Kirchhoff's rule's
The total voltage drop around a cloded circuit is zero. (conservation of energy,Potential is independent of the path) the sum of the current entering a junction is equal to the sum of the current leaving the junction (conservation of charge)

Boolean Addition

Slope of a Line
the slope of any line at a point is given by the first derivative of the function evaluated at that point. f(x,y) = x^2 +y^3 +xy + 6x + 10y + 5 partial x derivative:

d(f(x,y,))/dx = 2x +y + 6 partial y derivatives d(f(x,y))/dx = 3y^2 + x + 10 a unique solution exists iff d^2f(x,y)/dxdy = d^2f(x,y)/dydx

Potentials
the potential of an electricfield is difinded by U = - Edr defined by intergration from initial to final point of the dot product of the electricfield by the displacement remember the potential is independent of the path travelled

Dot Product
the dot product of two vectors is defined as a scalar.... it is the magnitude of vector 1 time magitude of vector 2 times the cosine of the angle between them... or if the vectors are given in cartiesian corridates.... AB = AxBx+AyBy+AzBz

Cross Product
there are two ways to find the cross product of 2 vectors.. if you know the magnitude of the vectors the A x B = A*B*sin(x) U were u is a unit vector in the direction normal to the plane defined by A and B or if you have the cartesian coordiates of the vector... AxB =(AyBz-AzBy)i -(AxBz-AzBx)j +(AxBy-AyBx)k where i,j,k are unit vectors in the direction of the x,y,z axis respectfully

hexidecimal
Hex number 11 22 A 10 F 15 10 16 1A 26

y=mx+b
Slope formula

Lever Systems
F1X+F2(d-x)

Kinetic Energy
Kinetic energy is equal to (m*v^2)/2, in which m is mass and v is velocity. To find kinetic energy in Joules, enter mass as kilograms (kg) and velocity as meters per second (m/s).

Volume of a Pyramid
V = LWH/3 where L = Length of Base W = Width of Base H = Height of Pyramid

Infinite Nested Square Roots

2 = sqrt( 2 + sqrt( 2 + sqrt( 2 + sqrt ( .... ) ) ) ) 3 = sqrt( 6 + sqrt( 6 + sqrt( 6 + sqrt ( .... ) ) ) ) 5 = sqrt( 20 + sqrt( 20 + sqrt( 20 + sqrt ( .... ) ) ) ) and, in general, n = sqrt( m + sqrt( m + sqrt( m + sqrt ( .... ) ) ) ) where n is an integer > 1, and m=n(n-1)

Relative Centrifugal Force

RCF (in g forces) = 1.119x10^-5 x rpm^2 x radius (in cm)

Linear speed on rotating disk

LinearSpeed = Pi(Radius*2)*RevolutionsPerMinute Radius is distance of interested point from center of disk at whatever unit used.

Number of Diagonals in a n-gon or polygon

[n(n-3)]/2 or times then divided by . for the number of diagonals from 1 vertex, it's: n-3

Euler Descartes Formula

number of vertices - number of edges + number of faces = 2

summed up: v-e+f=2

E=Mc^2
E = Mc^2 E = Energy M = Mass c = the speed of light (2.99792458e8 meter/sec) In other words: Energy = Mass * 89875517873681764 This implies that if mass could be converted to energy in a controlled environment, 1 gram of a mass would produce 89,875,517,873,681,764 units of energy.

To find the total number of degrees inside any polygon

180 x (n-2)= Total degrees n = the number of sides that the polygon has. ie Any pentagon has 5 sides. Thus, there are 180 x (n-2) = 180 x (5-2) = 180 x 3 = 540 degrees in total.

Fractions with Zero as numerator / denominator / both

0/5 = 0 5/0 = undefined 0/0 = indeterminate

Volume of a hexagonal/pentagonal prism

V = Area of base x height

Surface Area of a Cylinder

s= 2(pi)(r2) + (2)(pi)(r)(h) The surface area of a cylinder is a function of the radius r and height h.

rectangular prism Slope Formula Stewart's Theorem Brahmagupta's Formula surface area of a sphere sum of squares and cubes of first 'N' natural no`s. Sum of the Sides of the exterior angles in a polygon Reliability sum of arithmetic progression

Trig identity for tan(x/2) The Nand and Nor formulas Double-Angle Formulas Union Theory of relativity Gradient Of A Curve Ohm's Law Master Product Method for solving Quadratic Equations Ideal Gas Law Equation Friction y-y1=m(x-x1) subtraction through binary Each angle of a regular polygon ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION FORMULAE Future Value AREA OF A REGULAR POLYGON POWER FORMULA I POWER FORMULA II RESISTANCE FORMULA volume of a prisim Motion d=rt

Capacitors in series Capacitors in parallel Remainder Theorem CALCULUS - General Derivatives Euclidean Distance Circumference of an Ellipse Reciprocal of a Fraction Property Area of a Triangle (3 ways) Surface Area of a Pyramid Distance Formula (3 dimensional) Permutations, Combinations, Factorials Perimeter of an Ellipse Series Expansions Sum of Arithmetic Progression quadratic Potential energy Equation Of A Linear Line Mulplicative Inverse of 1 and 0 Area of a Pyramid The Manish Loop Area of Triangle (when length of sides is known)

Definition of Factorial SOHCAHTOA Formula for work Relationship between Doolittle and Crout's Method Sum of Geometric Progression Slope Area of a Trapezoid Pemdas Eccentricity of an Ellipse Eccentricity of an Ellipse Right Triangle Relations Factorial, Permutations, and Combonations Googolplex Discriminant Midpoint of a Line Segment Final Velocity Acceleration diameter of circle work Distance of a Line segment Cube of a binomial

Roots of 2nd order linear homogeneous differential equations The Trapezoid rule and Simpson's rule: numerical integration tan-1/1-tan2@+sin@ tan-1/1-tan2@+sin@ Circumference of a circle Compound Interest Simple Interest Area of a Sector of a Circle right-angled triangle Holy Grail Formula Sum of Roots some trig identity CORRECTION OF FORMULA FOR WORK Scientific Method SUM OF PROGRESSION.( AP & GP) SUM OF PROGRESSION(AP &GP) A 100- ray - angle surface area of cylinder (factored expression) surface area of cone (factored expression) Area of a Regular Polygon Is point in shadow formula (sin)

Gravitational Potential Energy (Newton) Cenrtifugal Force (Newtons - Uses SI units) Height by a stone throw Transistor Parameters - common emitter mode. OPAMP - inverting and non-inverting voltage gains Relation between edges , vertices and faces in a regular solid oPeRaTiOnS nUmBeRs MiDpOiNt Order of Operations THE Quadratic Formula Eccentricity of an Elliptical Orbit Correct Estimate for Perimeter for Ellipse The speed of light equls time The speed of light equals time distributive property 23434%*846585-5726tt-333yyx+66879(6546954654654)=There is no God! The area of a ploydodecafolastomageton Volume of sphere