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Course Description
Basic Concepts in RF Design. RF Passive Components. Transmission lines, and scattering parameters. Active RF Components. RF Power amplifiers.
References
R. Ludwig, RF Circuit Design Theory and Applications,
Chapter 1
Applications
In addition to familiar wireless products such as pagers and celluar phones, RF technology has created many other markets. 1. WLANs, Wireless Local Area Network, using the frequency bands 900MHz and 2.4 GHz. 2. GPS ,Global Positioning System, is used to determine ones location. Operating in the 1.5 GHz frequency range. 3. RF IDs, RF Identification system, RF IDs can be attached to objects or persons. Operating in the frequency bands 900MHz and 2.4 GHz. 4. Home Satellite Network, Operating in the 10 GHz range.
Transmitter
Receiver
The input is fed through Input Matching Network The separation of the RF signal from the DC is achieved through RF Blocking Network that feature the so called Radio Frequency Coils RFCs
Electromagnetic Waves
To understand the upper frequency limit, beyond which conventional circuit theory can no longer be applied to analyze an electric system, we shall recall the representation of an electromagnetic wave. In free space, EM waves propagates in the Z-direction and can be written in the form:
(II)
(I)
(II)
(III)
(III)
Effects of Nonlinearity
Many RF circuits can approximated with a linear model to obtain their response. Nonlinearities often lead to interesting and important phenomena. We will consider the following system,
1. Harmonics
If,
(*)
2. Gain Compression
(*)
4. Intermodulation
II- Noise
1. Thermal Noise
2. Shot Noise
3. Flicker Noise
4. Input-Referred Noise
Example: Calculate
and
5. Noise Figure
Example1:
Example2: