1 4541 Kimia Skema Pemarkahan September 2009

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PERSIDANGAN KEBANGSAAN PENGETUA-PENGETUA SEKOLAH MENENGAH MALAYSIA CAWANGAN KELANTAN

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN 2009 SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

KIMIA SKEMA PEMARKAHAN

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2 PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM 2009 CHEMISTRY MARKING SHEME 4541 ANSWER OF PAPER 1 No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Answer B B D C C D D C A A B D B B C D A D B C D A A D B No. 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Answer A B C C A A C A B B B B C D A D D C C A B B B A A
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3 MARKING SCHEME OF PAPER 2 QUESTION NO 1 (a) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Marking Criteria Alkali OH7 < pH <12 The concentration of hydroxide ions in Solution A is higher. The higher the concentration of OH- ions the higher the pH value. HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O Correct reactant Correct product MaVa = 1 (mole ratio 1:1) MbVb = 1 Va = 0.3 x 50 0.1 = 150 cm3 Group 16, Period 3 2D + 2H2O 2DOH + H2 Correct reactant & correct product Balance equation G The nuclei attraction towards the valence electrons is weaker in G. Thus it is easier for G to lose / release an electron to form a positively charged ion. F Has stable/octet electron arrangement // have 8 electron valence Show coloured ion//formed complex ion//has various oxidation number//act as catalyst
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MARK
SUB TOTAL

1 1 1 1 1 1+1 10

(b)

(c)

1 1 1 1+1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

(a) (b)

(c)

(i) (ii)

10

(d)

(i) (ii) (ii)

(e) 3 (a)

Draw the connecting wire and voltmeter

10

(b) (c) 4541

Labeling zinc plate ( - ) and copper plate (+) From zinc plate to copper plate through the external circuit

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4 (d) (e) (f) (g)

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(i) (ii)

To allow the flow of ion from both electrolyte through it to complete the circuit The zinc plate becomes thinner Cu2+ + 2e Cu The voltage will be higher The silver metal is under the copper metal in the electrochemical series. 0.1 A B C

1 1 1 1 1 1

(h)

0.8 For pair of metal A / B , the voltage produced = 0.8 0.1 = 0.7 V 1 4 (a) (b) (i) (i)
The chemical formula that shows the simplest ratio of atoms of the elements present in a compound.

Element Unsur Mass (g) Number of moles Simplest ratio of moles Empirical formula

Mg 25.12 24.88 //0.24 0.24/24 // 0.01 1 MgO

O 25.28 25.12 //0.12 0.16/16 // 0.01 1 1+1 1+1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 [Lihat sebelah SULIT 10

(ii) (c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d)

(i) (ii) (iii)

(e) (f) 4541

2Mg + O2 2MgO To ensure that all the magnesium reacts completely with oxygen. Copper is an unreactive element towards oxygen Acidified Potassium manganate(VII) +7 reduction Colourless solution turn brown 2I- I2 + 2e Iodide ion release electron To allow the flow of ion from both electrolytes Functional diagram of simple cell Label

5 6 (a) (i) (ii) (i)

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(b)

(ii)

(c)

Butanol The heat given off when 1 mol of butanol burn completely in excess oxygen is 2679 kJ. (1) Number of mole = 0.37 mol //0.005 mol 74 (2) Heat released = 0.005 x 2679/ 13.395 kJ/13.395 x 103 J (1) Substitution/Replacement 13.395 x 103 = 500 x 4.2 x / = 13.395 x 103 500 x 4.2 (2) = 6.379/6.40C Draw and label of the energy axis in the form of arrow with two level of energy Formula/Name the reactants and products for exothermic reaction Energy C4H9OH + 6O2 H = -2679 kJmol-1 4CO2 + 5H2O

1 1 1 1 1

1 1+1 11

(d)

(i) (ii)

Any value between: -2016 kJ mol-1 H - 2036 kJ mol-1 As the number of carbon atoms increases, there are more carbon dioxide and water molecules are produce Thus more bonds are formed

1 1+1

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6 Section B
QUESTION NO

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Marking Criteria
12 represents the nucleon number. 6 represents the proton number. 1 1

MARK
SUB TOTAL

7.

(a)

(b)

Able to draw the structure of an atom elements X. The diagram should be able to show the following informations: 1. correct number and position of proton in the nucleus/ at the centre of the atom. 2. correct number and position of neutron in the nucleus/ at the centre of the atom. 3. correct number and position of electron circulating the nucleus 4. correct number of valence electrons Sample answer: 4 eeee
-

1 1

1 1

e-

e-

11p1 2 12n eee-

e- 3 e-

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or
eeee
-

11p + 12n e-

eeeee-

e-

(c)

(i)

Atoms W and Y form covalent bond. To achieve the stable electron arrangement, atom W contributes 4 electrons while atom Y contributes one electron for sharing. Thus, atom W shares 4 pairs of electrons with 4 atoms of Y, forming a molecule with the formula WY4 // diagram

1 1 1 1 1

(ii)

Atom X and atom Y form ionic bond. Atom X has the electron arrangement 2.8.1. and atom Y has the electron arrangement 2.8.7.

1 1

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To achieve a stable (octet )electron arrangement, atom X donates 1 electron to form a positive ion // equation X X+ + e Atom Y receives an electron to form ion Y-//equation and achieve a stable octet electron arrangement. Y+e Y-

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1 1

Ion X+ and ion Y- are pulled together by the strong electrostatic forces to form a compound with the formula XY// diagram

1 Max 10

+ X Y

--

(d)

The melting point of the ionic compound/ (b)(ii) is higher than that of the covalent compound/ (b)(i) . This is because in ionic compounds ions are held by strong electrostatic forces. High energy is needed to overcome these forces. In covalent compounds, molecules are held by weak intermolecular forces. Only a little energy is required to overcome the attractive forces. OR The ionic compound/(b)(ii) conducts electricity in the molten or aqueous state whereas the covalent compound/(b)(i) does not conduct electricity. This is because in the molten or aqueous state, ionic compounds consist of freely moving ions carry electrical charges. Covalent compounds are made up of molecules only

1 1 1 1 1 or max 4

1 1 1 1 1 Total

20

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9 8 (a) (i) 1. The brown colour of bromine water becomes colourless. 2. Ethene has undergone an addition reaction. (ii) 1. The product is 1,2-dibromoethane 2. Br H C H (b) (i)

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1 1 1 1

Br C H H

1. % mass of hydrogen = 100 82.75 = 17.25 2. Moles ratio of C : H = 82.75/12 : 17.25/1 3. = 2 : 5 4. The empirical formula of Z is C2H5 1. Let the molecular formula be (C2H5)n Therefore, (12x2 + 1x5)n = 58 n = 2 2. Hence, Z is C4H10

1 1 1 1

(ii)

1 1 1

(c) Property (i) Elasticity Unvulcanised rubber Less elastic. Reason: the rubber molecules can slide over each other easily when it is stretched. Soft and less strong. Reason: the rubber molecules can slide over each other easily when it is stretched. Easily oxidised by oxygen. Reason: the number of carbon-carbon double bonds, C=C per molecule is high. Vulcanised rubber More elastic. Reason: the presence of sulphur cross-links can pull back the rubber molecules to their original positions after it is stretched. Stronger and harder. Reason: the presence of sulphur cross-links make sliding of rubber molecules more difficult. More resistance to oxidation. Reason: the number of carbon-carbon double bonds, C=C per molecule is low. 1 1+1

(ii) Strength and hardness

1 1+1

(iii) Resistance towards oxidation

1 1+1

Total

20

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10 Section C 9 (a)
Food additives Flavouring Colouring Preservative Antioxidant * any three from above Sample answer; Apparatus: - 1 kg weight - ruler - retort stand and clamp - thread - steel ball Materials: - copper block - bronze block Able to state the steps: 1. a steel ball is stuck onto the copper block 2. a weight of ( -2 ) kg is hung at a height of (0.5-1)m from the top of Copper block. 3. the weight / thread is released / dropped 4. the diameter of dent is recorded 5. step 1 to 4 are repeated several times to obtain an average of the diameter . 6. the experiment is repeated using a bronze block. Able to construct the table: Experiment Diameter of dent on the copper block / mm Diameter of dent on the bronze block / mm 1 Average diameter/mm A1 A2 A3 A B1 B2 B3 B 2 3 How food additives reacts makes food tastier colours food so that it looks more Attractive Prevent the growth of microorganism on food slow down the oxidation of food

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1+1 1+1 1+1 1+1

(b) (i)

1 1 1 1

1 1

Able to state the conclusion : B is smaller than A. Brass is harder than copper / alloys are harder than pure metals

1 1

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(c) Copper
Tin/ stanum

Copper

Copper

bronze 1 1 1 1 1

-Correct draw the arrangement of atom in copper -Correct draw the arrangement of atom in bronze -correct labeled of atom The stanum atom distrupt the orderly arrangement of atoms in copper This prevents the layers of pure metal (copper) atoms from sliding on one another easily.

10

(a)

Able to state (i) Sulphuric acid Mg + H2SO4

MgSO4

H2

1 1

(ii) Able to draw an energy profile diagram that shows the following five information: 1. label of energy on vertical axis 2. The position of the energy level of the reactant is higher than the energy level of the product 3. Correct position of Ea 4. Correct position of Ea 5. Correct position of H If energy level diagram given, not energy profile diagram, award pt1 and pt2 only) Able to give explanation by stating the following information: 1. Reaction is exothermic 2. The reactants contain moare energy than the products 3. Heat given nout during bond formation is greater than heat absorbed during bond breaking 4. H is the energy difference between the reactants and products 5. Activation energy, Ea must be overcome in order for the reaction to take place 6. The use of catalyst reduces the activation energy 4541

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(must correspond to the energy profile diagram: negative catalyst increases the activation energy) 7. the use of catalyst increases the frequency of effective collision between H+ ion and magnesium atom (Neagative catalyst reduces the frequency of effective collision between H+ and magnesium atom) any five points: Note: If endothermic reaction: Pts 1,2,3 lost (i) Able to calculate the average rate of reaction 1. volume divided by time 2. Correct answer with the unit Avarage rate of rfeactiuon = 400 cm3 200 s = 2 cm3 s-1 (ii) Able to explain the difference in the rate of reaction by stating the following Information 1 1. The rate of reaction for Experiment II is higher/greater than Experiment I r: slower/faster 2. This is because sulphuric acid in Experiment II is diprotic/dibasic acid 3. Hydrochloric acid in Experiment I is monoprotic/monobasic acid (Basicity of acid in Experiment II is higher than acid in Experiment I gives pts 2 and 3) 4. Diprotic acid has higher concentration of H+ ion //monoprotic acid has lower concentration of H+ ion a: more/higher number/less H+ 5. The frequency of collision between H+ ion and magnesium in Experiment II is higher than in Experiment I// The frequency of collision between H+ ion and magnesium in Experiment I is lower than in Experiment II r: between particles 6. The frequency of effective collision in Experiment II is higher/greater than in Experiment I// The frequency of effective collision in Experiment I is lower/smaller than in Experiment II

(b)

1+ 1

1 1

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MARKING SCHEME OF PAPER 3 Question 1(a) Explanation [Able to state all the observations correctly] Sample answer : Maximum score

Set II III

Observation Potassium burns vigorously and produces white fume. Sodium burns rapidly and produces white fume.

[Able to state any one observations correctly] [Able to state any one observations incompletely] Sample answer: Set II III Observation Potassium burns vigorously // produces white fume. Sodium burns rapidly // produces white fume.

2 1

[No response given or wrong response] Question Explanation [Able to state three variables and the way to control them correctly] Sample answer: Manipulated variable: Type of alkali metals Responding variable: Reactivity of alkali metals Fixed variable: Oxygen gas // size of alkali metals Observe the burning/reactivity of alkali metals when react with oxygen gas. Use oxygen gas in each experiment // Use the same size of metals. Use different type of alkali metals

0 Maximum score

1 (b)

[Able to state any 5 of the above information correctly] [Able to state any 4 of the above information correctly ] [Able to state any 3 of the above information correctly] [Able to state any 2 of the above information correctly ] [Able to state any 1 of the above information correctly ]

5 4 3 2 1

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[No response given or wrong response] Question Explanation [Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and the responding variable with direction correctly] Sample answer: The lower the position of an alkali metal in the Periodic Table, the more reactive it is when reacts with oxygen.

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0 Maximum score

1 (c)

[Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and the responding variable] Sample answer: The lower position of an alkali metal in the Periodic Table, the more reactive is the metal. [Able to state an idea of hypothesis] Sample answer: Alkali metal have different reactivity. 1 2

[No response given or wrong response] Question Explanation [Able to state the inference completely ] Sample answer: 1. Lithium is the least reactive metal towards oxygen. 2. Lithium oxide is formed. [Able to state the inference but not completely] Any one inference

0 Maximum score

1 (d)

2 [Able to state an idea of inference] Sample answer: Reaction occurs [No response given or wrong response] 1 0

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Question

Explanation [Able to arrange the position of all metals in descending order of reactivity correctly] Sample answer: Potassium/K, Sodium/Na, Lithium/Li [Able to arrange the position of at least two metals in descending order of reactivity correctly] Sample answer: Potassium/K, Sodium/Na // Sodium/Na, Lithium/Li [Able to give an idea to arrange the metals]

Maximum score 3

1 (e)

1 Sample answer: Lithium/Li, Sodium/Na, Potassium/K [No response given or wrong response] Question 1(f) Explanation [Able to predict the observation for the reaction between rubidium and oxygen correctly ] Sample answer: Rubidium burns more vigorously and produces white fume. 3

0 Maximum score

[Able to predict the observation for the reaction between rubidium and oxygen ] Sample answer: Rubidium burns more vigorously. 2

[Able to state an idea to predict the observation for the reaction between rubidium and oxygen correctly ] Sample answer: The reaction is more reactive. [No response given or wrong response] 0 1

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Question

Explanation [Able to record all the pH meter reading with one decimal place accurately]: Sample answer: Set I : 13.2 Set II : 13.6 Set III : 13.3 [Able to record any two readings accurately] Or [Able to record all the pH meter reading without one decimal place correctly] [Able to record any one readings correctly] [No response given or wrong response]

Maximum score

1 (g)(i)

1 0 Maximum score

Question 1(g)(ii)

Explanation

Able to construct a table to record the pH value for Set I, Set II and Set III of experiment that contain : 1. Correct titles 2. pH values
Sample answer:

Set I II III

pH Value 13.2 13.6 13.3

Able to construct a table that contains the following: 1. Titles 2. reading // ecf Able to construct a table with at least one title/reading. [No response given or wrong response] 2 1 0

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Question 1(g)(iii)

Explanation [Able to state the operational definition for alkali correctly] Sample answer: pH value that is more than 7 when pH meter is dipped into a solution.

Maximum score

[Able to state the operational definition for alkali ] Sample answer: pH value that is more than 7. 2

[Able to state an idea of operational definition for alkali ] Sample answer: pH value that is 13. [No response given or wrong response] Question 1(g)(iv) Explanation 0 Maximum score 1

[Able to classify all the substances correctly]

Sample answer:

Strong alkali Sodium hydroxide solution Potassium hydroxide solution

Weak alkali Ammonia solution

[Able to classify any two substances correctly] [Able to classify any one substance correctly]
[No response given or wrong response]

2 1 0

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KK051201-[To state problem statement] Score Explanation/Rubric 2(a) Able to give the statement of problem by relating the following 4 information correctly: 1. different metals 2. contact 3. electrolyte 4. rusting Response is in question form: Sample answer: How do/(Do) different type of metals / (metals X and Y) in contact with iron in the presence of an electrolyte affect rusting of iron ? // What is the effect on the rusting of iron, when it is in contact with other metals (metals X and Y) in the presence of an electrolyte? Able to give the statement of problem. Response is in question form:

Maximum score

2 Sample answer: How do different type of metals / (metals X and Y) affect rusting? Able to give an idea of statement of the problem. Sample answer: To investigate the effect of different type of metals on rusting//Does electrolyte /X/Y/metal affect iron rusting? No response or wrong response. [KK051202-To state all variables] Score Explanation/Rubric 2(b) Able to state all variables correctly: Sample answer: Manipulated variable: metal X and metal Y // stating 2 metals which one metal is less electropositive and one metal is more electropositive than iron.// pairs of X-Fe and Y-Fe Responding variable: the rusting of iron // iron rusts or does not rust // [any suitable observations: e.g. the formation of blue spot// the formation 4541 [Lihat sebelah SULIT 3 1

Maximum score

19 of pink colour // the formation of brown solid]

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Fixed variable: iron nail// electrolyte/(named) // agar/jelly solution //temperature

Able to state any two variables correctly.

Able to state any one variable correctly. No response or wrong response. [KK051202-To state a hypothesis] Score Explanation/Rubric 2(c) Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and the responding variable with direction correctly:

1 0

Maximum score

3 Sample answer: Metal Y causes iron nail rusting while metal X does not.// A more electropositive metal/(metal X) will prevent iron from rusting while a less electropositive metal (metal Y) will be rusting iron. Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and the responding variable: 2 Sample answer: Metal Y speeds up iron nail rusting while metal X slows down rusting. Able to state an idea of hypothesis: Sample answer: Metal X / Y affect the rusting of iron. No response or wrong response. [KK051203-list of materials and apparatus] Score Explanation/Rubric 2(d) Able to give a complete list of materials and apparatus that involves the following: 3 4541 [Lihat sebelah SULIT 1

Maximum score

20 1. 2. 3. 4. iron nails 1 metal above iron in electrochemical series 1 metal below iron in electrochemical series A suitable electrolyte, test-tubes, sand paper

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Sample answer: Iron nails, magnesium/zinc/aluminium strip, tin/copper/lead/silver strip, [agar-agar solution + potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution+phenolphthalein indicator]/[any suitable electrolyte]/[water], test-tubes/boiling-tubes, sand paper Able to give a list of materials and apparatus that involves the following: 1. 1 metal above iron in electrochemical series 2. 1 metal below iron in electrochemical series 3. Any suitable electrolyte, any suitable container Able to give a list of materials and apparatus that involves the following: 1. 1 metal above/below iron in electrochemical series// any suitable electrolyte. 2. any container No response or wrong response. [KK051203-procedure of the experiment] Score Explanation/Rubric 2(e) Able to state the following 6 steps: 1. [Clean the iron nails and metals strip with sand paper] 2. [Coil iron nails with the metals] 3. [Place iron nails in separate container] 4. [Pour/add/fill the [named electrolyte] into the container] 5. [Leave them aside for several days] 6. [Record your observation] Sample answer: 1. Clean iron nails, magnesium ribbon and copper strip with sand paper. 2. Coil two iron nails tightly with magnesium ribbon and copper strip. 3. Place all the iron nails in separate test tubes. 4. Pour the hot agar containing potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution and phenolphthalein indicator into the test tubes. 5. Keep the test tubes in a test tube rack and leave them aside for 3 days. 1 2

Maximum score

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21 6. Record your observations. Steps 2,4,6 Step 2[coil iron nail with Mg/Cu], 4 No response or wrong response. [KK051202-To make tabulation of data] Score Explanation/Rubric 2(f) Able to exhibit the tabulation of data that includes the following four information.

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1 0

Maximum score

2 1. Heading for the manipulated variables 2. Examples of Sets//pair of metals 3. Heading for responding variable 4.2x3 or 3x2 table Sample answer: Set//Pair of metals I//Mg-Fe II//Cu-Fe Observation Set//pair of metals I, II//Mg-Fe, Cu-Fe observation

Able to exhibit the tabulation of data that includes the following two information. 1. 1/3 from score 2 2. 2x2 table Sample answer: Set//Pair of metals Observation

No response or wrong response.

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22 END OF MARKING SCEME

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