Chapter II Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter aimed to review the critical points of current knowledge about the related studies and literature to our topic. This gives the advantages and disadvantages of industrialization. The purpose of this chapter was to convey to the reader what ideas have been established on our topic. It presented studies, literature and concepts that would provide the backdrop for understanding the subject matter under study. It is characterized by current and relevant references such as articles and journals with consistent, appropriate referencing and comprehensive view of the research topic. Related Literature Foreign Industrialization is central to economic development and improved prospects for human well-being. The benefits of industrial production can be seen in all aspects of life from the range of consumer goods available, to the efficiency of transportation systems, to the astounding advances made in computers and communications technology. This rapid industrial growth has made water pollution, air pollution, and hazardous wastes pressing environmental problems in many areas of developing world. Industrial emissions combine with vehicle exhausts to cause air pollution, while concentrations of heavy metals and ammonia loads ara often high enough to cause major fish kills downriver from industrial areas. The lack of hazardous waste facilities compounds the problem, the industrial wastes often discarded on

fallow or public lands, in rivers, or in sewers designed to carry only municipal wastes. [1] The goal of success, progress and stability of one nation always depend to commitment and determination to do so. We goal for better economy and improving result of industrialization answer it, but as we look forward to rapid growth of industry we should also secured the corresponding facilities of deleting industrial wastes. By Rahul Pandita Published: 6/27/2011 Activists have pointed out that globalization has led to an increase in the consumption of products, which has impacted the ecological cycle. Increased consumption leads to an increase in the production of goods, which in turn puts stress on the environment. Globalization has also led to an increase in the transportation of raw materials and food from one place to another. Earlier, people used to consume locally-grown food but with globalization, people consume products that have been developed in foreign countries. The amount of fuel that is consumed in transporting these products has led to an increase in the pollution levels in the environment. It has also led to several other environmental concerns such as noise pollution and landscape intrusion. Transportation has also put a strain on the non-renewable sources of concerns such as noise pollution and landscape intrusion. _________________________
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http://www.wri.org/publication/content/8333

Transportation has also put a strain on the non-renewable sources of energy, such as gasoline. The gases that are emitted from the aircraft have led to the depletion of the ozone layer apart from increasing the greenhouse effect. The industrial waste that is generated as a result of production has been laden on ships and dumped in oceans. This has killed many underwater organisms and has deposited many harmful chemicals in the ocean. The damage caused to ecosystem from the oil that spilled from one of the leaking containers of British Petroleum in 2010 is just one of the examples of the threat globalization poses to the environment. [2] Globalization plays a big role in the increase in the consumption of products, for most people this is a good thing, but what they dont know is that the increase in the consumption of products brings harm in our environment, one example is the heavy usage of aircraft in transporting the products from one country to another, aircafts can emit gasses than can be very harmful to our environment. Globalization causes our ozone layer to deplete and can kill many of our underwater treasures. By Mukta Gaikwad Published: 3/30/2011 Lot of emissions created by humans contain high amounts of chemicals and toxins. These have an adverse effect on the environment. The problem of acid rains is a small example of the _________________________
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http://www.buzzle.com/articles/globalization-and-its-impact-on-the-environment.html

same. Some chemicals and heavy metals have a potentially fatal effect on human as well as animal life. Care needs to be taken to prevent this from happening. Stricter emission control norms and regulations need to be in place to protect fragile ecosystems as well as health of human beings from this deadly issue. [3] In our present day, different and somewhat extra ordinary toxins in terms of absorbent of human to its parallel health causing sickness was severely happened. Emissions created by humans thru the result of progressing industrialization of our era to humanities. We all want progression for better life provided there is a sustainable strict guidelines of continuous process of slimming the toxins, if not safe and strong ecosystem for better health thru discipline and proper regulations of protection of ecosystem. By Bhakti Satalkar Published: 3/25/2011 Industrial waste is also one of the causes of environmental degradation. The waste can be in the form of liquid waste, which pollute the rivers and cause harm to the ecosystem present in the rivers. It can also be solid waste, which is not biodegradable and pollutes the environment and leads to its degradation. We have already spoken about the industrial waste emitted into the air. [4] _________________________
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http://www.buzzle.com/articles/top10-enviromental-issues.html http://www.buzzle.com/articles/causes-of-environmental-degradation.html

Industrialization progress the country in which also degrading the value of environment by its industrial waste. We cannot denied the fact of dying rivers and lakes and decomposing image of nature once it was harmed by industrial waste thru the gross intelligence of industry, manufacturing owners. By Poushali Ganguly

Air Pollution is one of the problems that seem to have no solution at all. Air carries contaminants like poisonous gases and dust particles which when inhaled lead to a number of lung disorders. The sources of air pollution are innumerable which are as follows:

o o o

Industries Agriculture Traffic

As all of these causes consist of one or the other process of combustion they emit gases that pollute the atmospheric air. Here can be large-scale pollutants like the Volatile Organic Compounds as well as minor dust particles. Nitrogen emissions come out mainly from agriculture mainly during the process of denitrification. The pesticides used for agricultural purposes can also be a cause of Air Pollution. Air Pollution can cause many heart and lung disorders like Bronchitis, Lung Cancer and diseases of the like.

Acid rain is caused by the numerous acidic pollutants, which have potential to damage earths environment in a drastic way. Acid rain is caused due to the presence of chemicals like Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides in the atmosphere. These chemicals are introduced in the atmosphere as a result of the industrial processes. Sulfur Dioxide is emitted out of those industries that use coal as their fuel. Automobiles all around the world emit one third of the nitrogen oxide that is present in the atmosphere of earth. Natural causes like fire, volcanic eruptions and bacterial decomposition are also responsible for the increase in the amount of Nitrogen Oxide in the atmospheric air. Acid rain chokes the pores in the plant leaves, which leads to the death of plants and a large number of plants in a short span of time. The brick walls and stones are also corroded and the soil composition is changed leading to the death of plants again. Acid rain also leads to the destruction of aquatic life.

Global warming which leads to the Greenhouse effect is also a kind of environmental problem that is due to overpopulation and pollution. Large number of people are creating greater amount of garbage. Emissions form your refrigerator and also from the industries produce a large amount of heat, which fails to go out of the earths atmosphere unlike before when earth radiated out half of the heat back. This is leading towards climate change, rise in sea levels due to melting of glaciers and consequently a threat that some of the landmass might just

go beneath the increasing water and therefore cease to exist.[5]

By Debopriya Bose

Industrialization has been the hallmark of human progress. However, with industries have come a host of toxic gases that are being released into the atmosphere even as I write this article and you read it. The industries release gallons of liquid waste into the seas and rivers. Some of the effluents percolate down to the reach the ground water and pollute it to the extent that it can't be used by human beings for drinking or cooking. Besides adding to air pollution, the innumerable vehicles running on the roads add to noise pollution that has lead to increase in stress, anxiety and problems related to hearing. Pollution of water has led to the decrease in a number of large number aquatic life forms. Migratory birds are known to change their course due to pollution or change in weather. Respiratory diseases in human beings is another price that we are paying for polluting the environment. [6]

Industrialization is one of the reasons of our improving progress, but is also one of the big reasons for the pollution today, not only does it emit gasses that pollute our environment, but also it brings noise pollution that causes stress and anxiety to people, Industrialization is a big help but it is also a death machine that kills the lives _________________________
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http://www.buzzle.com/articles/environmental-problems.html

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/how-do-humans-affect-the-environment.html

of both human, and animals. By Abhijit Naik Published: 5/22/2010 Environmental degradation can be attributed to various human activities, as well as some natural processes, with the later having an insignificant share. Most of the resources on the planet are vulnerable to depletion, and the rate at which we are exploiting them have already brought some of them to the brink of exhaustion. Exploitation of the fossil fuels is the best example of this phenomenon. Large scale exploitation has depleted the fossil fuel reserves across the world, thus leaving us with no option but to find an alternate source of energy. Other human activities which have been contributing to environmental degradation include urbanization, overpopulation, deforestation, pollution, hunting, etc. [7] Humans also contribute their share in many environmental phenomenon, humans are one of the factors in the degradation of our environment. We all need to care for our environment to have a brighter and cleaner tomorrow, we all need to stop urbanization, deforestation, hunting and other factors that we know that can harm our environment. We can help even in the most simple things like not littering and not smoking.

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http://www.buzzle.com/articles/environmental-degradation.html

Related Studies Local Sadly, according to World Wildlife Fund-Philippines (WWF), the once healthy coral reef area of Bataan has become a barren graveyard of broken algaeencrusted coral rubble. This resulted from the increasing number of strong tropical storms induced by climate change and blast or dynamite fishing mainly because of industrialization. [1] If you live in Metro Manila, have you ever risen in the early morning and looked at the sky? Have you ever chanced upon a smoky-grey hazed hovering over the tall buildings? Thats what is called smog. Smog is a form of air pollution. It is a yellowish-brown haze that forms in cities where there are lots of vehicles on the road. It can also occur in industrial centers where factories and manufacturing firms abound. The gases emitted by these production centers can react with sunlight to form smog. Examples of these gases are sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide Smog is made up of ground level ozone and fine particles. The fine particles are dust or liquid droplets that are so small they remain suspended in the air. These are particulates release from tailpipes of vehicles. Secondary particles form when the gases from vehicles react with sunlight.

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Sci-tech Volume XXIII Number 6 Watching the weather from the train p.7

They give smog its yellowish or whitish-grey colour. [2] According to Alma Dimaculangan You may think that being so tall and majestic, mountains will last forever. But this notion is wrong. Over millions of years, mountains can become shorter and even smaller. They can even eventually flatten out and disappear. The forces of Mother Nature are responsible for the death of mountains. The same forces that build up mountains may cause their destruction. For instance, Mount Pinatubo in Zambales measured 1, 745 meters prior to its eruption in 1991. After the eruption, its elevation has been reduced to 1, 485 meters. Erosion is another culprit the continuous action of water, wind and rain can erode parts of a mountain and make it flatter over time. Human activities, however, can speed up the process. Coal mining, for instance, can cause huge damage to a mountain. When the coal is near the surface, giant machines are used to remove the top layers of rock the get at the coal. Sometimes, explosoves are used to blast off these rock layers. This can reduce the mountains elevation by hundreds of meters. When the coal is located deep under the ground, however, tunnels must be dug to reach the coal deposits. The land, of course, must be cleared of vegetation before the mine can be constructed. Loss of vegetation aggravates erosion of the _________________________
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Sci-tech Volume XXIII Number 6 Watching the weather from the train p.12

mountains. Deforestation is another reason why mountains flatten out. Slash-and-burn agriculture and illegal logging practices deprive mountains of tress whose roots help keep the soil in place and prevent erosion. Another factor is mountaintop removal mining. This practice involves digging up whole tops of mountain to get low-sulfur coal. The mining wastes are then deposited in the surrounding valleys, destroying trees and other vegetation in the area. The building of roads can also destroy mountains. Roads mean clearing the land of vegetation, increasing the possibility of landslides and flashfloods. While man may have no control over the processes of Nature, he can minimize activities that lead to the destruction of mountains. Mountains are very important because they serve as habitats for plants and animals alike. Many tribes also live on mountains and depend on the flora and fauna there for their survival. [3] Global warming is a phenomenon that I am sure you are all familiar with. It is an increase in the temperature of the earths surface. This increase has been occurring since the 1800s. Since the last century, an increase of 0.4 to 0.8 degrees Celsius has already occurred. Alarmingly, scientists predict that the earths temperature will increase by as much as 1.4 to 5.8 degree Celsius by the year 2100. _________________________
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Sci-tech Volume XXIII Number 4 Underwater Earthquakes p.12-13

Scientists are very concerned about global warming because it can lead to changes in world climate among the other feared effects of global warming are increase rainfall, arise in sea levels resulting in flooding of low-lying areas, conversion of desserts into watery lands, changes in rainfall patterns, warming of the seas, etc. On the overall, the change in weather and climate will adversely affect plant and animal life, not only in the land but even in the oceans. Scientists are pinpointing mans activities as the cause of global warming. They say that activities resorted to buy man in his search for progress and development have a aggravated the problem of global warming. For instance, the use of fossil fuels to power vehicles and run industries has led increase emission of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. Scientists estimate that human activities cause the emission of 6 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere each year. The three greenhouse gases have been confirmed to trap heat from the sun in the earths atmosphere, warming up the earth. Deforestation and illegal logging have resulted in the loss of trees on our mountains. Trees are important because they absorb carbon dioxide, one of the main causes of global warming. Without trees, less carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere. Years back, the use of chlorofluorocarbons of CFCs as refrigerants has been found to aggravate global warming. CFC-11 has a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 5,000 while CFC-12s GWP is 8, 500. GWP refers to the ratio of the

warming caused by a substance to the warming caused by a similar mass of carbon dioxide. Because of these findings, CFCs, as well as hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HFCFCs) and hydrofluororocarbons (HFCs), have been banned. [4] Geothermal Energys dirty secret Weve always thought of geothermal energy as clean energy because it does not involve the burning of fuels. It turns out, we may be wrong. In Reykjavik, Iceland, people have had pollution problems ever since the Hellisheidi geothermal plant began operating in 2006. In September 2008, people noticed that the moss vegetation near the power plant had become severely damaged. When the moss was taken for study, researchers found strong indications that sulphur derived from hydrogen sulphide was the cause of the damage. They also found high concentrations of mercury in the dead moss. The suspected culprit is the steam from the plant. While this is mostly water, 0.4% of it contains carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur, mercury, arsenic, boron and aluminum. [5] Scientists in the Netherlands are trying out a new technology to help lower the _________________________
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Sci-tech Volume XXIII Number 5 Tropical Seas: Haven for Life p.4-5 Sci-tech Volume XXIII Number 2 Flights of Fancy p.3

amount of carbon dioxide being released in the air. They are trying to capture and store carbon dioxide before they escape into the air. Using this new technology, the scientists can separate carbon dioxide from the rest of the fumes being released into the air. They believe that this technology is very important as people consume more and more electricity. Power plants produce 15 million tons of carbon dioxide every year. And in 40 years, they would be producing more than 80 million tons every year. At present, the cost of this technology is very high. But scientists are trying to find cheaper ways of trapping and storing carbon dioxide. Scientists are also trying to find ways to make sure that the tanks used to store the carbon dioxide will be strong enough so that the gas will not leak. However, scientists also remind us that there is, in fact, a much cheaper and safer way to capture and store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Plant trees! [6] By Arnaldo P. Mosteiro Published: 2006 In our world today, technology grows faster and faster in the vast events happening around us. It continues to help people in their everyday lives, work, school, etc. But sometimes, we can always say that these so called Technology has its advantages and disadvantages. Advantages are _________________________
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Sci-tech Volume XXI Number 3 Present-day Plants of Jurassic Park p.3

already mentioned, but to come to think of it, the disadvantages is where we stop and we measure how far we have come by using technology, without us knowing what has happened to our economy. As the clich goes, Too much of anything is bad, as we relate this to our study, we cannot just remove industry or our environment from the picture. Because without both, we couldnt live our lives that easily. We just need to try to balance things generally. But we can say that Industry is already covering up the importance of our environment. [7]

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Arnaldo P. Mosteiro ,Science, Technology and Society, pg.28,Threats To Human Survival

Group 3 (Villareal, Mangrobang, Gundao and Murillo) III-Confidence

Technology may help us to make our life and work easy, but when its abused it greatly affects our society like water pollution, air pollution and some hazardous wastes that press environmental problems in different areas of our world. Factory releases smoke that combines into air to that forms to air pollution while heavy metals and ammonia loads lead to major fish kills that may happen in every side of our world. We should be responsible in our own waste to lessen those pollutions. In our present day, different and somewhat extra ordinary toxins in terms of absorbent of human to its parallel health causing sickness was severely happened. Emissions created by humans thru the result of progressing industrialization of our era to humanities. We all want progression for better life provided there is a sustainable strict guidelines of continuous process of slimming the toxins, if not safe and strong ecosystem for better health thru discipline and proper regulations of protection of ecosystem. As technology greatly passes by, it develops into a better one but it may too develop its side effects to nature. We should know how to balance things for it badly affects our society when its abused. Global warming may be one of the causes of pollution for it destroys our atmosphere that envelops from hazardous ultraviolet rays that may cause skin problems. We all know that we aggravate global warming so we should be the one to take an action. Deforestation maybe one of our great problems because of continuous illegal logging mainly on our forest. Our great mountains may lose their elevations because of erosion. Erosion is another culprit the continuous action of water, wind and rain can erode parts of a mountain and make it flatter over time.